{"title":"River Esk - United Kingdom","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/","suffix":"0ce75f99-bd31-4188-b646-b89d23aea4f0"},"type":"site","created":"2012-12-25T19:02:41+01:00","changed":"2023-09-01T15:39:42+02:00","attributes":{"affiliation":{"networks":[{"network":{"name":"ILTER","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"1aa7ccb2-a14b-43d6-90ac-5e0a6bc1d65b"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"LTER Europe","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"4742ffca-65ac-4aae-815f-83738500a1fc"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"UK ECN","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"a197664f-569e-4df6-933a-86de676dbfc5"}},"siteCode":"LTER_EU_UK_019","verified":true}],"projects":[{"label":"eLTER (H2020)","uri":"https:\/\/cordis.europa.eu\/project\/id\/654359"}]},"contact":{"siteManager":[{"type":"person","name":"Andrew Sier [Primary ECN contact]","email":"arjs@ceh.ac.uk","orcid":null}],"operatingOrganisation":[{"type":"organisation","name":"Environment Agency (UK)","url":"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/organisations\/environment-agency","ror":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01zewfb16"}],"metadataProvider":[{"type":"person","name":"Andrew Sier [Primary ECN contact]","email":"arjs@ceh.ac.uk","orcid":null}],"fundingAgency":null,"siteUrl":[{"title":"ECN website","value":"https:\/\/ecn.ac.uk\/"}]},"general":{"abstract":"UK ECN site.  The River Esk rises on the uplands of the North York Moors National Park and is the only major river in the county of Yorkshire that drains directly into the North Sea. The catchment is sparsely populated without the pressures of industrialisation and urbanisation affecting other rivers in the Region. Open moorland characterises much of the catchment and is an important habitat for a wide variety of wildlife. Within the Esk valley there are six Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs), two of which extend south and cross the boundary of the Derwent catchment. The source of the Esk is upstream of Westerdale, where a series of small streams (becks) known as the Esklets merge to form the River Esk. Many of these moorland streams are affected by natural \u0022flushes\u0022 of acidity, as well as iron run-off from natural ironstone strata and old mineral workings, making some of these becks an ochreous-orange colour after periods of rainfall. The combination of the two factors restrict the invertebrate fauna in these head-streams. The majority of the River Esk downstream of the Esklets has very good water quality, with the diverse invertebrate fauna dominated by mayflies, stoneflies, caddisflies and other pollution sensitive groups. This good water quality is also very important in sustaining other species such as salmon, sea trout, dippers and otters. The ECN site is at Briggswath (NGR: NZ 868 081), approximately 2km upstream of the tidal limit. At this point the river is approximately 15m wide, and in normal summer flows the depths vary between 20cm and 30cm.","citation":null,"relatedIdentifiers":null,"status":{"label":"Operational","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/elter_cl\/10772"},"yearEstablished":1994,"yearClosed":null,"relatedSites":null,"siteName":"River Esk","shortName":"R02","siteType":"Stationary land-based site","protectionLevel":[{"label":"Category V \u2013 Protected Landscape\/Seascape\/Area","uri":"http:\/\/dd.eionet.europa.eu\/vocabularyconcept\/cdda\/IucnCategoryValue\/V"}],"landUse":null,"images":null},"environmentalCharacteristics":{"airTemperature":{"yearlyAverage":8.24,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"\u00b0C","referencePeriod":null},"precipitation":{"yearlyAverage":730.8,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"mm","referencePeriod":null},"biogeographicalRegion":"atlantic","biome":"freshwater_rivers","ecosystemType":[{"label":"Fresh Water Rivers","uri":null},{"label":"Rivers","uri":null}],"eunisHabitat":[{"label":"Inland surface waters (C)","uri":null},{"label":"Surface running waters (C2)","uri":null}],"landforms":null,"geoBonBiome":["Fresh water rivers"],"geology":null,"hydrology":"The River Esk rises on the uplands of the North York Moors National Park and is the only major river in the county of Yorkshire that drains directly into the North Sea. The catchment is sparsely populated without the pressures of industrialisation and urbanisation affecting other rivers in the Region. Open moorland characterises much of the catchment and is an important habitat for a wide variety of wildlife. The source of the Esk is upstream of Westerdale, where a series of becks (small streams) known as the Esklets merge to form the River Esk. Many of these moorland streams are affected by natural \u0022flushes\u0022 of acidity, as well as iron run-off from natural ironstone strata and old mineral workings, making some of these becks an ochreous-orange colour after periods of rainfall. The combination of the two factors restrict the invertebrate fauna in these head-streams. The majority of the River Esk downstream of the Esklets has very good water quality, with the diverse invertebrate fauna dominated by mayflies, stoneflies, caddis-flies and other pollution sensitive groups. This good water quality is also very important in sustaining other species such as salmon, sea trout, dippers and otters.","soils":null,"vegetation":"Open moorland characterises much of the catchment"},"geographic":{"boundaries":"POLYGON ((-1.0406686460661 54.516601988154, -1.0391452175981 54.515691146186, -1.0376218569137 54.514780285165, -1.0361197214883 54.512970825701, -1.0346389059764 54.510262768175, -1.0331582844112 54.507554692111, -1.0316566081407 54.505745176946, -1.0285897095053 54.504821827373, -1.0255229498663 54.503898400442, -1.0224563292267 54.502974896159, -1.020912329813 54.502962403487, -1.0178243345365 54.502937359005, -1.0147363440067 54.502912235674, -1.0101043671448 54.502874402837, -1.0070163885471 54.502849082384, -1.0039284147484 54.502823683083, -1.0008185221932 54.503696776362, -0.99616444980597 54.504556980055, -0.9945762788983 54.506341290206, -0.99298796886343 54.508125578387, -0.99142165496671 54.509011276687, -0.9867890211736 54.508972547873, 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