{"title":"Appennino centrale: Velino-Duchessa - Italy","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/","suffix":"12c79ecb-7890-4b75-9655-0883dacd8a29"},"type":"site","created":"2012-12-25T18:57:03+01:00","changed":"2025-01-07T11:09:19+01:00","attributes":{"affiliation":{"networks":[{"network":{"name":"GERI","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"c3abdc60-49f1-49db-81fe-863b7dbb21d3"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"ILTER","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"1aa7ccb2-a14b-43d6-90ac-5e0a6bc1d65b"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"LTER Europe","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"4742ffca-65ac-4aae-815f-83738500a1fc"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"LTER Italia (Italy)","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"7fef6b73-e5cb-4cd2-b438-ed32eb1504b3"}},"siteCode":"LTER_EU_IT_025","verified":true}],"projects":[{"label":"Birds Directive (2009\/147\/EC)","uri":null},{"label":"EnvEurope","uri":"http:\/\/www.enveurope.eu\/"},{"label":"Natura 2000","uri":"https:\/\/natura2000.eea.europa.eu\/"},{"label":"Site of Community Importance (SCI) of Habitat Directive","uri":null},{"label":"Special Areas of Conservation (SAC) of Habitat Directive","uri":null}]},"contact":{"siteManager":[{"type":"person","name":"Bruno Petriccione","email":"b.petriccione@gmail.com","orcid":null}],"operatingOrganisation":[{"type":"organisation","name":"Carabinieri, Forest and Environmental Protection Dpt.","url":"https:\/\/www.carabinieri.it\/chi-siamo\/oggi\/organizzazione\/tutela-forestale-ambientale-e-agroalimentare","ror":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04s1a2p79"},{"type":"organisation","name":"University of Roma Tre, Science Dpt.","url":null,"ror":null}],"metadataProvider":[{"type":"person","name":"Bruno Petriccione","email":"b.petriccione@gmail.com","orcid":null}],"fundingAgency":[{"type":"organisation","name":"Carabinieri, Forest and Environmental Protection Dpt.","url":"https:\/\/www.carabinieri.it\/chi-siamo\/oggi\/organizzazione\/tutela-forestale-ambientale-e-agroalimentare","ror":null}],"siteUrl":[{"title":null,"value":"http:\/\/www.lteritalia.it\/"}]},"general":{"abstract":"The site includes a large mountainous area in the Central Apennines, almost in the centre of the Italian peninsula and about 70 km west of Rome. It represents an \u201corographic island\u201d in the Central Mediterranean basin, along the Apennines mountain range. Since 1993, the vegetation has been surveyed at six permanent high elevation plots (Mount Sevice research station, Mount Velino, 2125-2225 m a.s.l.) and (since 2005) at an additional 55 plots along two elevation transects (SW slope of Mount Velino and Mount Morrone), including primary and secondary grasslands, beech forests and alpine tundra. Since 2014, micro-climate data (GLORIA method) have been continuously recorded at the high elevation plots.\r\nVegetation is surveyed yearly in the 6 high elevation plots (each 100 m2 in size) grouped in two cluster-plots (each of 3 plots). Structure and composition changes are studied in two ecologically opposite primary plant communities, both above the timberline: snow-bed grassland and alpine tundra, both characterized by extreme below zero temperatures all year round and frozen soil for 8 months per year, but with very different snow cover duration.\r\nBased on the first 30 years of observation, a clear trend toward a decrease of snow dependant species and a parallel increase in drought- and stress-tolerant species has been recognized, linked to a general process of climate change, more accelerated in Southern Europe.","citation":null,"relatedIdentifiers":null,"status":{"label":"Operational","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/elter_cl\/10772"},"yearEstablished":1993,"yearClosed":null,"relatedSites":[{"typeOfRelationship":{"label":"belongs to","uri":"null"},"listOfSites":[{"type":"site","title":"IT01- Apennines - High elevation Ecosystems - Italy","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/","suffix":"70b5c2bd-b0c3-4132-8988-f527893bfa42"},"changed":"2023-07-24T14:18:39+0200"}]}],"siteName":"Appennino centrale: Velino-Duchessa","shortName":"IT01-002-T","siteType":"Stationary land-based site","protectionLevel":[{"label":"Category II \u2013 National Park","uri":"http:\/\/dd.eionet.europa.eu\/vocabularyconcept\/cdda\/IucnCategoryValue\/II"},{"label":"Category IV \u2013 Habitat\/Species Management Area","uri":"http:\/\/dd.eionet.europa.eu\/vocabularyconcept\/cdda\/IucnCategoryValue\/IV"}],"landUse":[{"label":"forestry","uri":"https:\/\/inspire.ec.europa.eu\/codelist\/HILUCSValue\/1_2_Forestry"},{"label":"forestry based on continuous cover","uri":"https:\/\/inspire.ec.europa.eu\/codelist\/HILUCSValue\/1_2_3_ForestryBasedOnContinuousCover"},{"label":"natural areas not in other economic use","uri":"https:\/\/inspire.ec.europa.eu\/codelist\/HILUCSValue\/6_3_NaturalAreasNotInOtherEconomicUse"},{"label":"other uses","uri":"https:\/\/inspire.ec.europa.eu\/codelist\/HILUCSValue\/6_5_AreasWithoutAnySpecifiedPlannedUse"},{"label":"primary production","uri":"https:\/\/inspire.ec.europa.eu\/codelist\/HILUCSValue\/1_PrimaryProduction"}],"images":[{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/LTER_maps.jpg","alt":"map of nested plots"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2022-11\/LTER%20VF%20delimitata.JPG","alt":"permanents plots M. Sevice (mesophilous grassland)"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2022-11\/LTER%20VF%20fiorita.JPG","alt":"permanents plots M. Sevice (mesophilous grassland)"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2022-11\/LTER%20VT%20%28Silene%20acaulis%29%2002.jpg","alt":"permanents plots M. Sevice (alpine tundra)"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2022-11\/LTER%20VT%20con%20Silene%20acaulis.JPG","alt":"permanents plots M. Sevice (alpine tundra)"}]},"environmentalCharacteristics":{"airTemperature":{"yearlyAverage":5,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"\u00b0C","referencePeriod":{"label":"Other, non-standardised or incomplete reference period","uri":null}},"precipitation":{"yearlyAverage":1460,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"mm","referencePeriod":{"label":"Other, non-standardised or incomplete reference period","uri":null}},"biogeographicalRegion":"alpine","biome":"alpine","ecosystemType":[{"label":"Alpine","uri":null},{"label":"Forest","uri":null},{"label":"Grasslands","uri":null},{"label":"Montane grasslands and shrublands","uri":null},{"label":"Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests","uri":null},{"label":"Tundra","uri":null}],"eunisHabitat":[{"label":"Alpine and subalpine enriched grassland (E4.5)","uri":null},{"label":"Alpine and subalpine grasslands (E4)","uri":null},{"label":"Beech woodland (G1.6)","uri":null},{"label":"Broadleaved deciduous woodland (G1)","uri":null},{"label":"Calcareous alpine and subalpine grassland (E4.4)","uri":null},{"label":"Dry grasslands (E1)","uri":null},{"label":"Grasslands and lands dominated by forbs, mosses or lichens (E)","uri":null},{"label":"Mediterranean-montane grassland (E1.5)","uri":null},{"label":"Perennial calcareous grassland and basic steppes (E1.2)","uri":null},{"label":"Woodland, forest and other wooded land (G)","uri":null}],"landforms":[{"label":"Mountain","uri":null}],"geoBonBiome":["Terrestrial"],"geology":null,"hydrology":null,"soils":null,"vegetation":null},"geographic":{"boundaries":"MULTIPOLYGON (((13.325691752609 42.184879423695, 13.304109957918 42.197266618812, 13.311264434634 42.202595440449, 13.331884080775 42.192349619917, 13.325691752609 42.184879423695)), ((13.374203863233 42.137725259953, 13.35704558364 42.151667954324, 13.367855535006 42.157483665798, 13.386494786503 42.145818024302, 13.374203863233 42.137725259953)))","coordinates":"POINT (13.3682 42.156928)","country":["Italy"],"elevation":{"avg":2145,"min":1807,"max":2450,"unit":"msl"},"size":{"value":480,"unit":"ha"},"relatedLocations":[{"title":"Monte di Sevice LTER sample plots","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/locations\/","suffix":"8989beef-d3c3-4f21-a95f-75237b1f7d08"},"changed":"2024-05-07T14:23:45+0200"}]},"focusDesignScale":{"experiments":{"design":"no experimentation","scale":"plot scale"},"observations":{"design":"mainly observation","scale":"plot without link to explicit catchment"},"observedProperties":[{"label":"alpha diversity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22040"},{"label":"altitudinal gradient","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21352"},{"label":"atmospheric parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20937"},{"label":"atmospheric pressure","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22060"},{"label":"available phosphorus","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22061"},{"label":"biological diversity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21391"},{"label":"biological parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20940"},{"label":"carbon-to-nitrogen ratio","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21350"},{"label":"community structure","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21472"},{"label":"diversity index","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21513"},{"label":"ecosystem parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20939"},{"label":"ecosystem structure","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21475"},{"label":"environmental parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20941"},{"label":"floristic diversity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22122"},{"label":"habitat structure","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21478"},{"label":"incoming radiation intensity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22134"},{"label":"inorganic carbon content","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22135"},{"label":"inorganic nitrogen content","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22136"},{"label":"land cover","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22142"},{"label":"land use","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22143"},{"label":"land use intensity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22144"},{"label":"landscape heterogeneity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22150"},{"label":"landscape parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20943"},{"label":"mean annual air temperature","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21530"},{"label":"mean annual precipitation","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22166"},{"label":"percent carbon","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22181"},{"label":"percent nitrogen","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22182"},{"label":"percent organic carbon","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22183"},{"label":"plant cover","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22188"},{"label":"plant diversity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22191"},{"label":"plant species composition","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22195"},{"label":"plant species presence","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10341"},{"label":"plant species richness","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22196"},{"label":"pore structure","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22202"},{"label":"snow depth","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21207"},{"label":"snow depth","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22240"},{"label":"soil acidity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22243"},{"label":"soil alkalinity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22038"},{"label":"soil classification","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21909"},{"label":"soil depth","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22247"},{"label":"soil nitrogen","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22259"},{"label":"soil organic carbon","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22261"},{"label":"soil pH","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22264"},{"label":"soil parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20944"},{"label":"soil temperature","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22278"},{"label":"soil texture","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22279"},{"label":"species abundance","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10018"},{"label":"species composition","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22285"},{"label":"species richness","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22287"},{"label":"vegetation pattern","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21481"},{"label":"wind direction","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22317"},{"label":"wind speed","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22319"}]},"infrastructure":{"accessibleAllYear":false,"accessType":"footpath\/trail","allPartsAccessible":false,"maintenanceInterval":30,"permanentPowerSupply":false,"operation":{"permanent":true,"notes":null,"siteVisitInterval":30},"notes":null,"collection":[{"label":"1 - 5 beds","uri":null},{"label":"2 - 5 places","uri":null},{"label":"Other data services","uri":null},{"label":"Structured file","uri":null},{"label":"Temperature Controlled Container","uri":null},{"label":"Vehicle 4WD","uri":null}],"data":{"policy":{"url":null,"rights":["Formal acknowledgement of the dataset providers"],"notes":null}}},"relatedResources":[{"id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/dataset\/","suffix":"0c540fe8-1984-11e5-a766-005056ab003f"},"title":"LTER_EU_IT_025: Vegetation monitoring by 10x10 permanent plots","changed":"2024-06-28T10:11:46+02:00"},{"id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/dataset\/","suffix":"9edc9b28-1984-11e5-a766-005056ab003f"},"title":"LTER_EU_IT_025: Soil and air temperature measurement","changed":"2019-11-29T11:31:33+01:00"},{"id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/dataset\/","suffix":"e003be1a-1984-11e5-a766-005056ab003f"},"title":"LTER_EU_IT_025: Precipitation measurement ","changed":"2019-11-29T11:31:33+01:00"},{"id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/dataset\/","suffix":"ffca4c18-15ac-11e5-a766-005056ab003f"},"title":"LTER_EU_IT_025: Vegetation monitoring by nested plots","changed":"2023-02-08T10:37:05+01:00"},{"id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/activity\/","suffix":"6853a6d8-5e05-4074-9cc5-b8313ba5a12f"},"title":"Appennino centrale: Velino-Duchessa - Italy - soil parameter, aggregate size distribution, ammonium content, ammonium nitrate concentration, ammonium nitrogen content, available water capacity, carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, percent carbon, percent nitrogen, p","changed":"2024-06-28T10:24:11+02:00"}],"projectRelated":{"lter":{"lterSiteClassification":"Regular Site"}}}}