{"title":"Spruce forests - Czechia","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/","suffix":"143babf7-50bb-4d41-acfb-832e134f4905"},"type":"site","created":"2013-12-10T11:18:19+01:00","changed":"2020-06-29T10:27:11+02:00","attributes":{"affiliation":{"networks":null,"projects":null},"contact":{"siteManager":null,"operatingOrganisation":null,"metadataProvider":null,"fundingAgency":null,"siteUrl":null},"general":{"abstract":"Norway spruce forests survived in inaccessible localities of the montane belt and around the upper treeline at the end of the Mumlava and Labe valleys, Dlouh\u00fd d\u016fl, Modr\u00fd d\u016fl, Ob\u0159\u00ed d\u016fl, and Jelen\u00ed d\u016fl. Significant plants are ferns (the mountain lady-fern, malefern, broad buckler-fern, holly fern), grasses (the hairy small-reed, wavy hair-grass) and bryophytes. Tall herb meadows with hairy chervil, blue sow-thistle, monkshood, white butterbur, or large bitter-cress can be found around forest streams and springs. Significant animals are mainly snail Semilimax kotulae, springtail Tetrodontophora bielanensis, eight-toothed spruce bark beetle, ground beetles Carabus sylvestris and C. linnei, daddy-longleg Ischyropsalis belwigii, Tengmalm\u0027s owl, firecrest and goldcrest, crossbil, jay, nutcracker, alpine shrew, red squirrel, and red deer.","citation":null,"relatedIdentifiers":null,"status":{"label":"Closed","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/elter_cl\/10770"},"yearEstablished":2009,"yearClosed":null,"relatedSites":null,"siteName":"Spruce forests","shortName":"Spruce forests","siteType":"Stationary land-based site","protectionLevel":null,"landUse":null,"images":[{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/spruce-forests-czech-republic_4573.jpg","alt":"not defined"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/spruce-forests-czech-republic_4575.jpg","alt":"not defined"}]},"environmentalCharacteristics":{"airTemperature":{"yearlyAverage":5.3,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"\u00b0C","referencePeriod":null},"precipitation":{"yearlyAverage":1261,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"mm","referencePeriod":null},"biogeographicalRegion":"continental","biome":"evergreen_forest","ecosystemType":[{"label":"Evergreen Forest","uri":null},{"label":"Forest","uri":null}],"eunisHabitat":[{"label":"Woodland, forest and other wooded land (G)","uri":null}],"landforms":null,"geoBonBiome":["Terrestrial"],"geology":"It is a geological unit of Proterozoic and Palaeozoic crystalline schist, primarily mica schist, phyllite and orthogneisses, dating back to between 600 million and 1 billion years ago.","hydrology":"At the foot of the range, annual precipitation is about 800 mm, whilst the ridges receive 1,200?1,400 mm.","soils":"The types of soil found in Krkono?e spruce forests are largely of acidic form, with prevailing types being brown forest soil and humus soil with peaty podzol and podzolic ranker in the lowest and higher altitudes, respectively.","vegetation":"Significant plant species: Ferns (alpine lady fern Athyrium distentifolium), male-fern (Dryopteris filix-mas) and deer fern Blechnum spicant); grasses (hairy reedgrass Calamagrostis villosa and wavy hairgrass Avenella flexuosa) and bryophytes; montane flood-meadows alongside streams and spring sites in forests contain plants like chervil (Chaerophyllum hirsutum), (Cicerbita alpine), garden monkshood (Aconitum plicatum), white butterbur (Petasites albus), large bitter-cress (Cardamine amara) and others."},"geographic":{"boundaries":"MULTIPOLYGON (((15.777704603662 50.740409780629, 15.77786116276 50.738208127712, 15.777815111469 50.735910280228, 15.771489576167 50.734672313075, 15.767953650506 50.734661792282, 15.765939675222 50.735516386471, 15.765209913089 50.736352958815, 15.764350066119 50.738657973193, 15.761900189612 50.738514379769, 15.761006273939 50.737232631584, 15.760644236448 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