{"title":"Lower Teakettle NEON - United States of America","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/","suffix":"16d02952-7cb5-487b-a5a3-7bc9ba0d557e"},"type":"site","created":"2020-05-25T09:36:50+02:00","changed":"2025-09-18T15:16:31+02:00","attributes":{"affiliation":{"networks":[{"network":{"name":"GERI","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"c3abdc60-49f1-49db-81fe-863b7dbb21d3"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"NEON","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"fd9fbc88-0baa-4d02-b824-dc29f721782c"}},"siteCode":"TEAK","verified":true}],"projects":null},"contact":{"siteManager":[{"type":"person","name":"Jessica Bolis","email":"jbolis@battelleecology.org","orcid":null}],"operatingOrganisation":null,"metadataProvider":[{"type":"person","name":"Melissa Marquez","email":"marquez@battelleecology.org","orcid":null}],"fundingAgency":null,"siteUrl":[{"title":null,"value":"https:\/\/www.neonscience.org\/field-sites\/teak"}]},"general":{"abstract":"Lower Teakettle (TEAK) is a terrestrial NEON field site located in the Sierra National Forest, 80 km (50 mi.) east of Fresno, CA, near Courtright and Wishon Reservoirs. NEON samples 51.4 km2 (12,700 acres) at the site, which is managed by the U.S. Forest Service and partially encompasses the Pacific Southwest Research Station\u2019s Teakettle Experimental Forest. It is a mixed conifer forest, ranging in elevation from 1900 - 2807 m (6230 - 9210 ft.). The varied terrain is typical of the Sierra Nevadas, with rugged mountains, meadows and prominent granite outcrops. TEAK is part of the Pacific Southwest Domain (D17), which is bounded by the Pacific Ocean on the west and the Sierra Nevada Mountains on the east, and encompasses most of California. There are four other NEON field sites in D17, including two additional terrestrial sites and two aquatic sites. TEAK is colocated with the aquatic site Teakettle 2 Creek (TECR).","citation":null,"relatedIdentifiers":null,"status":{"label":"Operational","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/elter_cl\/10772"},"yearEstablished":2018,"yearClosed":null,"relatedSites":[{"typeOfRelationship":{"label":"groups with","uri":"null"},"listOfSites":[{"type":"site","title":"Teakettle Creek \u2013 Watershed 2 NEON - United States of America","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/","suffix":"dd4fd34c-93af-4e87-acd2-70bbf210acd9"},"changed":"2025-09-18T15:12:49+0200"}]}],"siteName":"Lower Teakettle NEON","shortName":"TEAK","siteType":"Non-stationary land-based site","protectionLevel":null,"landUse":null,"images":[{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2020-06\/48790754867_3122721398_b.jpg","alt":"Tower at TEAK"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2020-06\/48790246588_e6bc9263df_b.jpg","alt":"Soil Plot at TEAK"}]},"environmentalCharacteristics":{"airTemperature":{"yearlyAverage":8,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"\u00b0C","referencePeriod":null},"precipitation":{"yearlyAverage":1223,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"mm","referencePeriod":null},"biogeographicalRegion":null,"biome":"evergreen_forest","ecosystemType":[{"label":"Evergreen Forest","uri":null},{"label":"Forest","uri":null}],"eunisHabitat":null,"landforms":null,"geoBonBiome":["Terrestrial"],"geology":"The geology of TEAK is glacial deposits overlaying granitic rocks.","hydrology":"TEAK is colocated with the aquatic site Teakettle Creek (TECR). The flow regime of TECR is typical of snowmelt-dominated mountainous streams in the west. Base flows are lowest in the winter (November - March) and highest in the late spring (April \u2013 June). TECR has a mean base flow of 11 liters per second in the autumn months. Snow melt begins in March and peaks in June. Discharge during the peak flow months of May and June is approximately 18 times greater than base flow.","soils":"The majority of the site consists of granitic soils common to the Sierra Nevada, primarily from the Cagwin series with smaller contributions from the Sirretta, Stecum and Umpa families, among others. The most common soils have a coarse, sandy texture and ","vegetation":"Dominant tree species include red and white \ufb01r (Abies magni\ufb01ca and Abies concolor), Je\ufb00rey pine (Pinus je\ufb00reyi), and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta). Stand structure is diverse, with active recruitment and extensive coarse downed wood. Although dense tree cover limits understory shrubs, bush chinquapin (Chrysolepis sempervirens) often grows on forested slopes. Exposed rock and shallow soils support other shrub species, such as mountain whitethorn (Ceanothus cordulatus), greenleaf manzanita (Arctostaphylos patula) and pinemat manzanita (Arctostaphylos nevadensis). Pine and \ufb01r forests provide habitat for more shade-tolerant herbaceous plants, whereas meadows, streams, and patches of shallow soil accommodate a greater diversity of native grasses, graminoids, and forbs."},"geographic":{"boundaries":"POLYGON ((-118.974652495 37.072058583, -118.973988072 37.068948675, -118.974404022 37.066170705, -118.974777381 37.063384215, -118.975168659 37.061858406, -118.976687733 37.059131178, -118.978059341 37.057792375, -118.977875915 37.057117071, -118.979304838 37.056216125, -118.979947935 37.054944192, -118.983624043 37.051199827, -118.985601163 37.049203299, -118.985731577 37.048722538, -118.986459133 37.049198599, -118.98687502 37.049852965, -118.987925913 37.050159192, -118.989586595 37.04928166, -118.990394197 37.049646257, -118.990670545 37.05020784, -118.991836459 37.049963043, -118.993103283 37.049809007, -118.993922985 37.049115407, -118.995308133 37.049650571, -118.996546267 37.049908517, -118.997687286 37.049038265, -118.998074579 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