{"title":"Lake V\u00e4nern landscape (LTSER) - Sweden","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/","suffix":"17c75aab-3805-4bfc-9d47-f05b35ae90e7"},"type":"site","created":"2010-12-05T00:00:00+01:00","changed":"2023-07-11T09:29:47+02:00","attributes":{"affiliation":{"networks":null,"projects":null},"contact":{"siteManager":[{"type":"person","name":"Bj\u00f6rn Ohlsson","email":"Bjorn.Ohlsson2@lidkoping.se","orcid":null}],"operatingOrganisation":null,"metadataProvider":null,"fundingAgency":null,"siteUrl":null},"general":{"abstract":"Lake V\u00e4nern is the largest freshwater body in Sweden and the largest lake within the European Union with a 5 650 km2 water surface, a drainage basin covering a total of 46 800 sq-km, a coastline of 4 800 km and a freshwater archipelago made up of over 22 000 islands, islets and rocks. The lake contains one third of Sweden\u2019s freshwater reserve. Lake V\u00e4nern is situated in the south west part of Sweden and is connected to the North Sea via the Kattegat coastal region. The only outlet from the lake to Skagerrak is via the G\u00f6ta River. \r\n\r\nThe core area equals Lake V\u00e4nern total catchment including all parts in both Norway and Sweden and G\u00f6ta \u00c4lv River. With regards to data in Sweden this includes several administrative areas; the Counties of V\u00e4rmland and V\u00e4strag\u00f6taland.\r\n\r\nWithin the LTSER area lies LTER V\u00e4nern (LTER_EU_SE_008)which has a core area equals the water body of Lake V\u00e4nern and 300 meters of the shore-line. Within this area lies the sampling station of the national environmental monitoring program of water quality (The Swedish Agency for Marine and Water Management).","citation":null,"relatedIdentifiers":null,"status":{"label":"Closed","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/elter_cl\/10770"},"yearEstablished":1973,"yearClosed":null,"relatedSites":null,"siteName":"Lake V\u00e4nern landscape (LTSER)","shortName":"Lake V\u00e4nern LTSER","siteType":"Platform","protectionLevel":null,"landUse":null,"images":null},"environmentalCharacteristics":{"airTemperature":{"yearlyAverage":6.4,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"\u00b0C","referencePeriod":null},"precipitation":{"yearlyAverage":6200,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"mm","referencePeriod":null},"biogeographicalRegion":"boreal","biome":"freshwater_lakes","ecosystemType":[{"label":"Agricultural","uri":null},{"label":"Coastal","uri":null},{"label":"Forest","uri":null},{"label":"Fresh Water Lakes","uri":null},{"label":"Fresh Water Rivers","uri":null},{"label":"Grasslands","uri":null},{"label":"Lakes","uri":null},{"label":"Rivers","uri":null}],"eunisHabitat":null,"landforms":null,"geoBonBiome":["Coastal","Fresh water lakes","Fresh water rivers","Terrestrial"],"geology":"The bedrock in the landscape around and beneath Lake V\u00e4nern consists mostly of gneiss. In V\u00e4nern exists a sharp boundary between two different gneiss regions, a younger gray form that consists of rocks which was converted relatively shallow in the crust in the west and an older reddish form of rock that converted deep in the earth in the East. The Sveconorwegian orogeny gave rise to the Mylonite zone, which lies across the lake in a north to south direction along the east side of V\u00e4rmlandsn\u00e4s and K\u00e5llands\u00f6. The zone arose about 1 000 million years ago when several continents collided and the supercontinent Rodinia was created","hydrology":"Lake V\u00e4nern is the largest freshwater body in Sweden and the largest lake within the European Union with a 5 650 km2 water surface, a drainage basin covering a total of 46 800 km2, a coastline of 4 800 km and a freshwater archipelago made up of over 22 000 islands, islets and rocks. The lake contains one third of Sweden?s freshwater reserve. Lake V\u00e4nern is situated in the south west part of Sweden and is connected to the North Sea via the Kattegat coastal region. The only outlet from the lake to Skagerrak is via the G\u00f6ta River. The lake itself lies in the middle of a water system that is 720 km long and has its sources of the watershed in northern Sweden and in the neighboring districts in Norway in Lake Rogen. From there the water flows via the Klar\u00e4lv River into Lake V\u00e4nern. The V\u00e4rmlandssj\u00f6n is the larger of the two basins in Lake V\u00e4nern. It is also large enough for geostrophic currents to occur anticlockwise throughout the summer. Vertical water transports within the basins are of little importance apart from in spring and autumn when the water masses are mixed and also intermixed between the basins. In summer a thermocline is established together with a warm water zone at the margins of the lake\u00b4s shallow regions.","soils":null,"vegetation":"In the north rivers runs through forests and in the south streams flow through agricultural landscapes. The lake is situated within the Boreonemoral zone which is limited to the north by the Limes norrlandicus. However, the northern part of the drainage basin lies in the Boreal zone."},"geographic":{"boundaries":null,"coordinates":"POINT (12.35 58.36)","country":["Sweden"],"elevation":{"avg":180,"min":0,"max":779.3,"unit":"msl"},"size":{"value":5022900,"unit":"ha"},"relatedLocations":null},"focusDesignScale":{"experiments":{"design":null,"scale":null},"observations":{"design":null,"scale":null},"observedProperties":null},"infrastructure":{"accessibleAllYear":true,"accessType":"regular car","allPartsAccessible":true,"maintenanceInterval":null,"permanentPowerSupply":true,"operation":{"permanent":false,"notes":"Sampling in Lake V\u00e4nern please see LTER_EU_SE_008","siteVisitInterval":null},"notes":"The LTSER infrastructure contains two universities and one college, two county boards and two regional Offices and one regional museum. Overall the above questions are very difficult to answer regarding a LTSER plattform.","collection":[{"label":"Data portal","uri":null},{"label":"Web Catalog Service (CSW)","uri":null},{"label":"Web Map Service (WMS)","uri":null}],"data":{"policy":{"url":null,"rights":null,"notes":null}}},"relatedResources":null,"projectRelated":{"lter":{"lterSiteClassification":"ltser"}}}}