{"title":"OZCAR-RI ORACLE\/BVRE Orgeval - France","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/","suffix":"1c277cc2-7f3e-430f-92e2-a7dfb64d4ed9"},"type":"site","created":"2013-12-11T10:49:13+01:00","changed":"2024-05-16T10:10:34+02:00","attributes":{"affiliation":{"networks":[{"network":{"name":"Critical Zone Collaborative Network (CZ Net)","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"fda96130-91b3-42e6-8c85-2b8879986070"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":false},{"network":{"name":"ILTER","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"1aa7ccb2-a14b-43d6-90ac-5e0a6bc1d65b"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"International Soil Moisture Monitoring Network (ISMN)","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"11410ac2-133e-47c0-8f80-5badfcf53daa"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":false},{"network":{"name":"LTER Europe","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"4742ffca-65ac-4aae-815f-83738500a1fc"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"LTER France","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"d8d9206f-b1bd-4f90-84b7-8c662d4235a2"}},"siteCode":"CZO_EU_FR_150","verified":true},{"network":{"name":"OZCAR RI","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"3439de4e-c64d-4a97-bed0-7e27fadbcb7b"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true}],"projects":null},"contact":{"siteManager":[{"type":"person","name":"Agn\u00e8s Rivi\u00e8re","email":"agnes.riviere@minesparis.psl.eu","orcid":null},{"type":"person","name":"Blanchouin Arnaud","email":"arnaud.blanchouin@inrae.fr","orcid":null},{"type":"person","name":"Hocine Henine","email":"hocine.henine@inrae.fr","orcid":null}],"operatingOrganisation":[{"type":"organisation","name":"National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE)","url":"https:\/\/www.inrae.fr\/","ror":"https:\/\/ror.org\/003vg9w96"}],"metadataProvider":[{"type":"organisation","name":"National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE)","url":"https:\/\/www.inrae.fr\/","ror":"https:\/\/ror.org\/003vg9w96"}],"fundingAgency":[{"type":"organisation","name":"National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE)","url":"https:\/\/www.inrae.fr\/","ror":"https:\/\/ror.org\/003vg9w96"}],"siteUrl":[{"title":"GIS ORACLE website","value":"http:\/\/gisoracle.inrae.fr\/"},{"title":"Database website","value":"https:\/\/bdoh.irstea.fr\/ORACLE\/"}]},"general":{"abstract":"The ORACLE observatory is located 70 km East of Paris, France. Most of the area, in a sedimentary basin, is made of a relatively flat plateau (Alt. 140 m a.m.s.l.), which is incised by the Grand Morin and the Petit Morin rivers (Alt 100m).  Several aquifers are associated with layered tertiary formations (Eocene and Oligocene). The Morin Rivers are affluents of the Marne River, known to have contributed to large historical floods in Paris in the 20th century. The observatory is mainly rural (76%) with small towns, villages and hamlets, the whole covering 7% of the area. Forests cover up to 20% of the area. The dominance of agricultural activity within the catchments means that diffuse pollution is regarded as the main environmental pressure.  \r\nSeveral perennial device of environment observation are installed since 1962. This site is used for multivariable observations (water cycle, water quality, biodiversity, agricultural practices, sociology\u2026) and multiscale observations (from the canopy to the aquifer, from one m\u00b2 to 1200 km\u00b2). \r\nTemporary observations also exist, like soil property measurements, remote sensing data, depending on the specific collaborative projects between different research and operational units. These two observation approaches, the perennial and the temporary ones, are a real advantage to investigate environmental issues. The Observatory and its embedded sub-catchments allow to conceptualize the change in scale and to study sub-catchments with different behaviors.\r\n\r\n","citation":null,"relatedIdentifiers":null,"status":{"label":"Operational","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/elter_cl\/10772"},"yearEstablished":1962,"yearClosed":null,"relatedSites":[{"typeOfRelationship":{"label":"belongs to","uri":"null"},"listOfSites":[{"type":"site","title":"LTSER Zone Atelier Seine - France","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/","suffix":"10183aae-f8d2-4a39-af12-22a8e38a8a6a"},"changed":"2025-01-21T10:51:10+0100"}]}],"siteName":"OZCAR-RI ORACLE\/BVRE Orgeval","shortName":"ORACLE","siteType":"Platform","protectionLevel":null,"landUse":null,"images":[{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/Doue%2528Org1%2529.jpg","alt":"not defined"}]},"environmentalCharacteristics":{"airTemperature":{"yearlyAverage":11,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"\u00b0C","referencePeriod":null},"precipitation":{"yearlyAverage":674,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"mm","referencePeriod":null},"biogeographicalRegion":"atlantic","biome":"agricultural","ecosystemType":[{"label":"Agricultural","uri":null},{"label":"Forest","uri":null}],"eunisHabitat":[{"label":"Inland surface waters (C)","uri":null},{"label":"Regularly or recently cultivated agricultural, horticultural and domestic habitats (I)","uri":null},{"label":"Woodland, forest and other wooded land (G)","uri":null}],"landforms":null,"geoBonBiome":["Fresh water rivers"],"geology":"Geologically, ORACLE is located on the Brie plateau (137, 5 m of altitude). The main aquifers are: 1) the aquifer of the Brie limestone (or Oligocene aquifer), 2) the aquifer of the Champigny limestone (or upper Eocene aquifer). Other aquifers exist deeper but they may not interfere in the hydrology of the watershed. Rivers are incised in this Brie tableland and many springs, corresponding to the Brie and to the Champigny aquifers, can be seen along hill slopes.\r\n","hydrology":"Oriented east- west , the layouts of the Grand and Petit Morin present a very undulating course of 120 km for the Grand Morin (divides into two arms) and 86 km for the Petit Morin. The mean annual flows are 3,4 m3\/s and  7,6 m3\/s for the Petit and Grand Morin respectively. The Orgeval sub-catchement, 12 km oriented north-south,  presents a mean annual flow about 0.6 m3\/s.","soils":"ORACLE is characterized by an hydromorphic silty loess soil. The tertiary substratum is covered by a quaternary loess deposit (up to 10 m thick). The upper layer is constituted of loess silt and the lower one is enriched in clay and sand.  This silty glossic leached brown soil is characterized by low permeability resulting in temporary waterlogged soil in winter, and the presence of a shallow aquifer.  Soils are naturally poorly drained.  Subsurface drainage has been installed starting in the 1960s. 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