{"title":"Afon Hafren - United Kingdom","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/","suffix":"2f115521-9450-4c11-ad7c-b6f10367d232"},"type":"site","created":"2013-12-09T15:35:01+01:00","changed":"2023-07-28T11:19:03+02:00","attributes":{"affiliation":{"networks":[{"network":{"name":"UK Upland Waters Monitoring Network","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"421275c4-acb7-4d5e-8cd8-929707ba28bd"}},"siteCode":"UWMN_17","verified":false}],"projects":[{"label":"ICP Integrated Monitoring","uri":"https:\/\/unece.org\/integrated-monitoring"}]},"contact":{"siteManager":[{"type":"person","name":"Don Monteith","email":"donm@ceh.ac.uk","orcid":null}],"operatingOrganisation":null,"metadataProvider":[{"type":"person","name":"Andrew Sier [Primary ECN contact]","email":"arjs@ceh.ac.uk","orcid":null},{"type":"person","name":"Don Monteith","email":"donm@ceh.ac.uk","orcid":null}],"fundingAgency":null,"siteUrl":[{"title":"Afon Hafren on UWMN","value":"https:\/\/uwmn.uk\/afon-hafren-severn"}]},"general":{"abstract":"UK Upland Waters Monitoring Network (UK UWMN) site. The Afon Hafren lies in the Cambrian Mountains of mid-Wales and from its confluence with the Afon Hore forms the headwaters of the River Severn. The catchment area is 358 ha and rises from 355 m at the sampling station to 690 m at Blaenhafren. Stagnoodsols cover approximately 40% of the catchment and organic peaty soils comprise the remaining area. The underlying geology consists of Ordovician grits and Silurian mudstones and shales. Fifty percent of the catchment is planted with conifers, primarily Sitka and Norway spruce, and forms part of the larger Hafren Forest; planting took place primarily between 1948-1950 and 1963-1964. At the start of monitoring about 5% of the catchment consisted of recently felled forest. Since that time there has been steady harvesting and replanting of large areas continuing right up to the present day though this appears to have had little impact on stream water chemistry. Moorland grasses and Calluna occupy the remainder of the catchment and are utilised for rough grazing. Prior to afforestation the catchment was exploited as upland sheepwalk. Rainfall is c. 2500 mm annually. Some data are managed by UK ECN Data Centre. Note: The area is the size of the catchment.  Note that Afon Hafren is within the Plynlimon Experimental Catchments (see http:\/\/data.lter-europe.net\/deims\/site\/EXPEER-UK-02).","citation":null,"relatedIdentifiers":null,"status":{"label":"Operational","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/elter_cl\/10772"},"yearEstablished":1988,"yearClosed":null,"relatedSites":[{"typeOfRelationship":{"label":"belongs to","uri":"null"},"listOfSites":[{"type":"site","title":"Plynlimon - United Kingdom","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/","suffix":"6d47f4ca-8621-49a4-8240-3021429d1db5"},"changed":"2025-01-07T11:14:56+0100"}]}],"siteName":"Afon Hafren","shortName":"UWMN_17","siteType":"Stationary land-based site","protectionLevel":null,"landUse":null,"images":[{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/afon-hafren-united-kingdom_5219.jpg","alt":"Plynlimon, Hafren"}]},"environmentalCharacteristics":{"airTemperature":{"yearlyAverage":6.4,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"\u00b0C","referencePeriod":null},"precipitation":{"yearlyAverage":2500,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"mm","referencePeriod":null},"biogeographicalRegion":"atlantic","biome":"freshwater_rivers","ecosystemType":[{"label":"Rivers","uri":null}],"eunisHabitat":[{"label":"Inland surface waters (C)","uri":null},{"label":"Surface running waters (C2)","uri":null}],"landforms":null,"geoBonBiome":["Fresh water rivers"],"geology":"Ordovician grits and Silurian mudstones and shales.","hydrology":"The altitude range is 335 m from the sampling station to the headwaters. The channel section utilised for biological sampling lies in a forest clearing and is circa 3.5 m wide comprising shallow rapids and a deep pool. The stream bed substrate consists largely of boulders, cobbles and pebbles.","soils":"Stagnopodsols cover approximately 40% of the catchment and organic peaty soils comprise the remaining area.","vegetation":"Fifty percent of the catchment is planted with conifers, primarily Sitka and Norway spruce, and forms part of the larger Hafren Forest; planting took place primarily between 1948-1950 and 1963-1964. At the start of monitoring about 5% of the catchment consisted of recently felled forest. Since that time there has been steady harvesting and replanting of large areas continuing right up to the present day though this appears to have had little impact on stream water chemistry. Moorland grasses and Calluna occupy the remainder of the catchment (all of which is a SSSI) and are utilised for rough grazing. Prior to afforestation the catchment was exploited as upland sheepwalk."},"geographic":{"boundaries":"POLYGON ((-3.7042677147792 52.473775461208, -3.7047684608471 52.473957616332, -3.7052919284996 52.474179901168, -3.7060251766685 52.474508173291, -3.7065620569759 52.474850794551, -3.7073720682483 52.475224029464, -3.7080752102421 52.475748277765, -3.708683649382 52.47625056992, -3.7091716737604 52.476530667457, -3.7098814867871 52.4767274804, -3.710877409607 52.477051924534, -3.7115912261428 52.477363304554, -3.7122373044115 52.477612724114, -3.7125846494947 52.477883324755, -3.7130904597106 52.478134489937, -3.7143816227255 52.478334373124, -3.7152470437968 52.478425220789, -3.716351539659 52.47839233803, -3.7172685566932 52.478614477404, -3.7179678432303 52.479035327101, -3.7190137341909 52.4791867435, -3.7199853346858 52.479368170967, -3.721316053249 52.479624721141, -3.7221754415218 52.479807482942, -3.7235533279915 52.480069221539, -3.7241743467868 52.480404637139, 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Biological measurements made annually ","siteVisitInterval":30},"notes":"Accommodation in nearby villages","collection":[{"label":"Relational database","uri":null}],"data":{"policy":{"url":null,"rights":["The data provider must be offered co-authorship for publications using this dataset at least within the metadata description"],"notes":null}}},"relatedResources":null,"projectRelated":{"lter":{"lterSiteClassification":"Extensive Site"}}}}