{"title":"Helsinki Metropolitan Area HMA-LTSER - Finland","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/","suffix":"35e3775a-88bc-483f-aed0-b614ce7736e2"},"type":"site","created":"2013-05-28T19:18:41+02:00","changed":"2025-10-03T09:43:08+02:00","attributes":{"affiliation":{"networks":[{"network":{"name":"GERI","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"c3abdc60-49f1-49db-81fe-863b7dbb21d3"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"ICOS","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"80633d38-4c85-4ee0-a4ce-7bbbd99c888c"}},"siteCode":"http:\/\/meta.icos-cp.eu\/resources\/stations\/ES_FI-Kmp","verified":true},{"network":{"name":"ILTER","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"1aa7ccb2-a14b-43d6-90ac-5e0a6bc1d65b"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"LTER Europe","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"4742ffca-65ac-4aae-815f-83738500a1fc"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"LTER Finland","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"aaae2a46-f355-41d0-8067-c2f0cd52e814"}},"siteCode":"LTER_EU_FI_002","verified":true}],"projects":null},"contact":{"siteManager":[{"type":"person","name":"Be\u00f1at Olascoaga","email":"benat.olascoagagracia@helsinki.fi","orcid":null},{"type":"person","name":"Jaana B\u00e4ck","email":"jaana.back@helsinki.fi","orcid":null}],"operatingOrganisation":[{"type":"organisation","name":"University of Helsinki","url":"https:\/\/www.helsinki.fi\/","ror":"https:\/\/ror.org\/040af2s02"}],"metadataProvider":[{"type":"person","name":"Jussi Kulonpalo","email":"jussi.kulonpalo@helsinki.fi","orcid":null}],"fundingAgency":null,"siteUrl":null},"general":{"abstract":"The Helsinki Metropolitan Area HMA-LTSER platform belongs to the LTER-Finland network, and it covers a metropolitan area comprising Espoo, Helsinki, Kauniainen and Vantaa municipalities. About a fifth of the population in Finland lives within this platform\u2019s boundaries, and it is the most multicultural and rapidly growing area in the country.\r\nHMA-LTSER is located on the northern shore of the Baltic Sea, between the boreal and hemiboreal climatic zones. The platform includes the most urbanised areas in Finland, which are in turn interspersed with managed mixed coniferous forests and parks, peatlands, lakes and streams. The periurban area of the platform also contains agricultural land and commercial plantations, as well as part of the waters and coast of the Baltic Sea. The area within the platform represents a blend of cosmopolitan urban life and tranquil natural landscapes, making it an attractive place for both residents and visitors. \r\nHMA-LTSER monitors relevant environmental parameters along an urbanisation gradient as well as different aspects concerning human-nature relations. The cities of Espoo, Helsinki, Kauniainen and Vantaa, as the network partners, contribute to the platform by offering data for research as well as applying research outputs in planning, policy-making and civic activities. \r\nHMA-LTSER is envisioned as a hub for different initiatives interested in exploring topics related to human-nature interactions and ecosystem services within an urban frame.","citation":null,"relatedIdentifiers":null,"status":{"label":"Operational","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/elter_cl\/10772"},"yearEstablished":2006,"yearClosed":null,"relatedSites":null,"siteName":"Helsinki Metropolitan Area HMA-LTSER","shortName":"HMA-LTSER","siteType":"Platform","protectionLevel":null,"landUse":null,"images":[{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2025-09\/Aerial_photograph_of_Helsinki_downtown_by_P%C3%B6ll%C3%B6.jpg","alt":"Aerial photograph of Helsinki downtown. Credit: P\u00f6ll\u00f6, CC BY 3.0"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2025-10\/Aerial_photograph_Viikki_Campus_Unigrafia.png","alt":"Aerial photograph from the University of Helsinki\u0027s Viikki Campus. Credit: Unigrafia, CC BY-NC"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2025-10\/viikki-drone-tammikuu-2022-mikael-niku-24.jpg","alt":"Winter aerial photograph from the University of Helsinki\u0027s Viikki Campus: Credit: Mikael Niku, CC BY-NC"}]},"environmentalCharacteristics":{"airTemperature":{"yearlyAverage":5.3,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"\u00b0C","referencePeriod":null},"precipitation":{"yearlyAverage":682,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"mm","referencePeriod":null},"biogeographicalRegion":"boreal","biome":"urban","ecosystemType":[{"label":"Boreal forests\/taiga","uri":null},{"label":"Forest","uri":null},{"label":"Rivers","uri":null},{"label":"Small rivers","uri":null},{"label":"Urban","uri":null}],"eunisHabitat":null,"landforms":null,"geoBonBiome":["Terrestrial"],"geology":"All the catchment areas of Helsinki are located on microline granite (1.82-1.84 Ga) bedrock. In Lahti the cathment areas of studies are located on mica schist and mica gneiss bedrock except for intermediate land-use are that is located on microline granite.","hydrology":"Hydrological aspects are being studied in sub-catchments in both Helsinki and Lahti. On each catchment area s discharge point sensor are monitoring the quality (turbidity, conductivity) and quantity in real time and collecting the data. Samplers are taking samples continually and the equipment produces data throughout whole year. Winter time surface water is studied as well. The water samples are analyzed for nutrients and trace elements as well as suspended solids and dissolved material.","soils":"The soil profile of the three areas in Helsinki consists of homogeneous clay and silt stratification as well as pre-quaternary bedrock outcrops. The soil type of Lahti\u00b4s areas is for the most part gravel and san till, but the most intensive land-use area is located on Salpausselk\u00e4 I terminal moraine formed in the latest ice age during the Younger Dryas era 12 000 BP. The soils within the catchmens represent typical urban mosaic with a diversity of topsoils.","vegetation":"There is some remnant forest patches in high land-use intensity sites. The low-land-use intensity sites are typified by larger areas of remnant forests and yards of single-family houses. Catchment areas with intermediate land-use intensity are best described as strongly urbanised sites with cs. 50 % of the areas being impervious. The remnant forests are typically coniferous forests with Scot\u00b4s pine (Pinus sylvestris) as the dominant tree. In urban parks the uppermost organic layer of the soils autochtonous by nature and compacted by trampling."},"geographic":{"boundaries":"POLYGON ((24.831420759664 59.901404717661, 24.930237568709 59.921515167963, 25.158558294975 59.942451241493, 25.167668144296 60.018117564495, 25.172266360927 60.055940197303, 25.174565378658 60.074849619659, 25.175719499876 60.084308893667, 25.176282786109 60.089033122153, 25.176549978901 60.091400008236, 25.176683181367 60.092580714957, 25.176782172654 60.093457552188, 25.185509187119 60.120108629346, 25.18987595137 60.13343382788, 25.192062822232 60.140096609026, 25.193157062162 60.143429320671, 25.193704644802 60.14509475441, 25.193977513708 60.145927441014, 25.19411503435 60.146344194658, 25.194183500476 60.14655214304, 25.194214174399 60.146654564028, 25.194272073488 60.146773323991, 25.207342172316 60.173310422225, 25.213903848541 60.186585370936, 25.220404476395 60.199735810077, 25.201422883761 60.218206606974, 25.203579373767 60.2262371728, 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Kumpula","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/locations\/","suffix":"fce2b91c-6911-47c2-9e19-73f7a300542a"},"changed":"2024-05-07T14:23:35+0200"}]},"focusDesignScale":{"experiments":{"design":"mainly experimentation","scale":"catchment scale"},"observations":{"design":"mainly observation","scale":"entire catchment"},"observedProperties":[{"label":"acid neutralising capacity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10310"},{"label":"atmospheric parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20937"},{"label":"conductivity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22089"},{"label":"dissolved organic carbon in water","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10307"},{"label":"ecosystem parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20939"},{"label":"ecosystem structure","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21475"},{"label":"land cover","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22142"},{"label":"land use","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22143"},{"label":"land use intensity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22144"},{"label":"landscape fragmentation","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22149"},{"label":"landscape parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20943"},{"label":"leaf area","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22156"},{"label":"litter residence time","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10048"},{"label":"microbial diversity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22169"},{"label":"nitrogen content","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22174"},{"label":"percent carbon","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22181"},{"label":"plant carbon concentration","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22187"},{"label":"soil microbial diversity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22257"},{"label":"soil organic residual","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22262"},{"label":"soil solute amount","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22272"},{"label":"total organic carbon","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22297"},{"label":"tree condition","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22302"},{"label":"water acidity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22030"},{"label":"water depth","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22310"},{"label":"water level","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/30025"},{"label":"water parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20945"},{"label":"water quality","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22312"},{"label":"water table","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/30028"},{"label":"water temperature","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22313"},{"label":"water transparency","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10392"},{"label":"water velocity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22315"},{"label":"water volume","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22316"}]},"infrastructure":{"accessibleAllYear":true,"accessType":"paved road","allPartsAccessible":true,"maintenanceInterval":7,"permanentPowerSupply":true,"operation":{"permanent":false,"notes":"These opetarional costs cover the annual costs for energy, data transfer, and sample analysis. \r\nThe hydrological probes on the sites save data with one minute interval and composite samples are collected weekly. ","siteVisitInterval":7},"notes":"The estimate covers a total of seven measurements settings, each consisting of precipitation tipping bucket and its logger, and the devices in the urban stormwater monitoring site. These sites consists of runoff probe (ultrasound), and sensors for turbidity, conductivity, and temperature. Additionally, all the sites have their own sampler, a freezer, a logger for data saving, and a modem which enables real-time data transfer to an online site. \r\n\r\nThe continuous costs of data transfer, electricity, sampling material or sample anaysis were not included in this estimate. ","collection":[{"label":"Central station(s)","uri":null},{"label":"Data portal","uri":null},{"label":"GMS\/UMTS","uri":null},{"label":"Other data services","uri":null},{"label":"Proprietary file format","uri":null},{"label":"Spatial data file (GIS)","uri":null},{"label":"Spatial database (GIS)","uri":null},{"label":"Structured file","uri":null}],"data":{"policy":{"url":null,"rights":["Co-authorship on publications resulting from use of the dataset","The opportunity to collaborate on the project using the dataset","The opportunity to review the results based on the dataset"],"notes":"Data published and distributed upon request. After publishing, all the data will be public, covered by CC license. "}}},"relatedResources":null,"projectRelated":{"lter":{"lterSiteClassification":"ltser"}}}}