{"title":"Lower Tombigbee River NEON - United States of America","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/","suffix":"41c43648-ca35-479b-8712-b70341c8c653"},"type":"site","created":"2020-05-25T09:36:50+02:00","changed":"2025-09-18T15:09:30+02:00","attributes":{"affiliation":{"networks":[{"network":{"name":"GERI","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"c3abdc60-49f1-49db-81fe-863b7dbb21d3"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"NEON","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"fd9fbc88-0baa-4d02-b824-dc29f721782c"}},"siteCode":"TOMB","verified":true}],"projects":null},"contact":{"siteManager":[{"type":"person","name":"David Mitchell","email":"dmitchell@battelleecology.org","orcid":null}],"operatingOrganisation":null,"metadataProvider":[{"type":"person","name":"Melissa Marquez","email":"marquez@battelleecology.org","orcid":null}],"fundingAgency":null,"siteUrl":[{"title":null,"value":"https:\/\/www.neonscience.org\/field-sites\/tomb"}]},"general":{"abstract":"The Lower Tombigbee River (TOMB) is an aquatic field site located in the Coastal Floodplains of southwest Alabama in Choctaw County. It is within the Tombigbee River Basin and is colocated with the 17 km2 (4218 acre) Choctaw National Wildlife Refuge near the small town of Coffeeville, Alabama. The Lower Tombigbee River is the section of the river and watershed below where the Black Warrior River joins, and is managed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The Tombigbee watershed covers 47,0845 km2 (116 million acres) and spans most of western Alabama. TOMB is located in the southern extent of the watershed, 15 km (9 mi.) upriver from the Coffeeville lock and dam. TOMB is part of NEON\u0027s Ozarks Complex Domain (D08). D08 includes two other aquatic field sites and three terrestrial field sites. TOMB is colocated with the Lenoir Landing terrestrial site (LENO).","citation":null,"relatedIdentifiers":null,"status":{"label":"Operational","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/elter_cl\/10772"},"yearEstablished":2016,"yearClosed":null,"relatedSites":[{"typeOfRelationship":{"label":"groups with","uri":"null"},"listOfSites":[{"type":"site","title":"Lenoir Landing NEON - United States of America","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/","suffix":"66448525-42c7-4d47-8f37-b29d0145935a"},"changed":"2025-09-18T09:05:26+0200"}]}],"siteName":"Lower Tombigbee River NEON","shortName":"TOMB","siteType":"Non-stationary land-based site","protectionLevel":null,"landUse":null,"images":[{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2020-06\/tomb0.jpg","alt":"TOMB"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2020-06\/tomb1.jpg","alt":"TOMB middle of reach 2018"}]},"environmentalCharacteristics":{"airTemperature":{"yearlyAverage":18.1,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"\u00b0C","referencePeriod":null},"precipitation":{"yearlyAverage":1386,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"mm","referencePeriod":null},"biogeographicalRegion":null,"biome":"mixed_forest","ecosystemType":[{"label":"Forest","uri":null},{"label":"Large rivers","uri":null},{"label":"Mixed Forest","uri":null},{"label":"Rivers","uri":null},{"label":"Urban","uri":null}],"eunisHabitat":null,"landforms":null,"geoBonBiome":["Fresh water rivers"],"geology":"The geology at TOMB is characterized by alluvial, coastal, and terrace deposits. The parent materials at the nearby colocated terrestrial site, LENO, are primarily Holocene-aged alluvial deposits, with the upstream source of the alluvium mainly Eocene-aged materials from the Wilcox and Claiborne groups. Coastal and terrace deposits are also found at LENO.","hydrology":"TOMB is located within the Tombigbee River basin, which is encompassed within the Mobile River Basin. The 35656 km2 (8.8 million acre) basin straddles the border between Alabama and Mississippi. The Tombigbee River gathers the flow from four major rivers: the Buttahatchee, Noxubee, and Sucarnoochee from the west, and the Sipsey from the northeast. The main branch of the river flows from northeastern Mississippi to western Alabama, where it joins with the Black Warrior River and eventually drains into the Mobile River. The flow and transport of sediment in the Tombigbee River is generally regulated by locks and dams. The river is also impacted by coal-fired steam power plants, as well as urban and agricultural land use. The Tombigbee River Basin is subject to major precipitation pulses from tropical storms and hurricanes. These major events affect nutrient and organic matter flux, sediment transport, and biota along the gradient as they propagate downstream.","soils":"Soils at TOMB are in the soil subgroup Vertic Epiaquepts, which are characterized as fine, mixed, active, acid, and thermic. The major soil series on the colocated NEON site LENO include Urbo, Mooreville, and Una, with minor extents of Riverview and Mantachie on higher positions.","vegetation":"The vegetation around TOMB is dominated by closed-canopy pine-oak mixed forest, and also includes meadows and wetlands. Pine trees are typically found in higher, relatively less flooded areas, while oaks are distributed throughout the whole area, including the lower land with standing water. Some common species found in the canopy include a broad mix of cypress (Taxodium spp.), black gum (Nyssa sylvatica), shagbark hickory (Carya ovata), oaks, and green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica). Ground cover includes bamboo, grass, smilax and poison ivy (Toxicodendrom radicans)."},"geographic":{"boundaries":null,"coordinates":"POINT (-88.16107 31.8521)","country":["United States of America"],"elevation":{"avg":20,"min":8,"max":26,"unit":"msl"},"size":{"value":3570000,"unit":"ha"},"relatedLocations":null},"focusDesignScale":{"experiments":{"design":"mainly experimentation","scale":"catchment scale"},"observations":{"design":"mainly observation","scale":"entire catchment"},"observedProperties":[{"label":"DNA sequence","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21400"},{"label":"genetic parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20942"},{"label":"land cover","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22142"},{"label":"landscape parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20943"},{"label":"water parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20945"},{"label":"water quality","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22312"}]},"infrastructure":{"accessibleAllYear":true,"accessType":null,"allPartsAccessible":null,"maintenanceInterval":null,"permanentPowerSupply":false,"operation":{"permanent":false,"notes":null,"siteVisitInterval":null},"notes":null,"collection":null,"data":{"policy":{"url":null,"rights":null,"notes":null}}},"relatedResources":null,"projectRelated":{"lter":{"lterSiteClassification":null}}}}