{"title":"Glacial lakes - Czechia","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/","suffix":"48642756-661e-4819-b9d7-38c3c040b65e"},"type":"site","created":"2012-12-25T18:59:47+01:00","changed":"2025-01-07T11:14:56+01:00","attributes":{"affiliation":{"networks":[{"network":{"name":"CZ-LTER","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"0a5cf43b-2e31-4348-803c-e45f2ff7d27a"}},"siteCode":"LTER_EU_CZ_003","verified":true},{"network":{"name":"EuroMAB","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"ea4aa6ab-115f-4801-b59f-fcb90b918371"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":false},{"network":{"name":"GERI","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"c3abdc60-49f1-49db-81fe-863b7dbb21d3"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"ILTER","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"1aa7ccb2-a14b-43d6-90ac-5e0a6bc1d65b"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"LTER Europe","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"4742ffca-65ac-4aae-815f-83738500a1fc"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true}],"projects":[{"label":"ICP Waters","uri":null}]},"contact":{"siteManager":[{"type":"person","name":"Jaroslav Vrba","email":"vrba@hbu.cas.cz","orcid":null}],"operatingOrganisation":[{"type":"organisation","name":"Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences","url":"https:\/\/www.hbu.cas.cz\/en\/","ror":null},{"type":"organisation","name":"\u0160umava NP Authority","url":"http:\/\/www.npsumava.cz","ror":null}],"metadataProvider":[{"type":"person","name":"Jaroslav Vrba","email":"vrba@hbu.cas.cz","orcid":null},{"type":"person","name":"Jiri Kopacek","email":"jkopacek@hbu.cas.cz","orcid":null}],"fundingAgency":[{"type":"organisation","name":"Czech Science Foundation (GACR)","url":"https:\/\/gacr.cz\/en\/","ror":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01pv73b02"}],"siteUrl":[{"title":null,"value":"http:\/\/www.npsumava.cz"}]},"general":{"abstract":"The Bohemian Forest in Central Europe is among the most acidified lake districts in the world. Deposition of sulphur and nitrogen compounds in the area rapidly increased between 1950 and 1980, and reached a maximum in mid the 1980s. Owing to long-term occasional hydrobiological research and palaeolimnological studies, we are able to document the significant changes in the lake water chemistry and biodiversity (in particular the conspicuous reduction in crustacean and\/or insect species in some lakes, as well as the extinction of fish). During the 1990s, acidic deposition decreased substantially, and its current levels are comparable to the early 20th century for SO42\u2013 and NH4+, and to the mid 1960s for NO3\u2013. The decline in acidic deposition has resulted in a partial recovery of the Bohemian Forest lakes, as well as in an improvement of the Norway spruce physiology in their catchments.\r\n\r\nTherefore, the Bohemian Forest lakes represent excellent LTER sites. Available historical data (biota since 1871) and regular monitoring (biota and chemistry since 1984) provide a valuable background for long-term ecological research of the catchment\u2013lake ecosystems that currently focuses on (i) chemical reversal and biological recovery of the lakes, (ii) acidification effects on in-lake nutrient cycling, (iii) climatic effects on water chemistry, and (iv) catchment processes, including soil biogeochemistry and acidification impacts on vegetation (mountain spruce forests).\r\n\r\nTwo of the lakes, the most acidified \u010certovo Lake and the mesotrophic (phosphorus rich) Ple\u0161n\u00e9 Lake, have been selected for detail mass-budget studies since 1998. Hydrology, water and precipitation chemistry, soil and sediment biochemistry, litter composition, and climatic variables have been regularly monitored with the aim to evaluate cycling of nutrients (C, N, P, Si) and ecologically important metals (Al, Fe) within the catchment\u2013lake ecosystems.","citation":null,"relatedIdentifiers":null,"status":{"label":"Operational","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/elter_cl\/10772"},"yearEstablished":1871,"yearClosed":null,"relatedSites":[{"typeOfRelationship":{"label":"belongs to","uri":"null"},"listOfSites":[{"type":"site","title":"LTSER Silva Gabreta - Czechia","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/","suffix":"bc72e137-dbc6-49ce-8116-e5af0ea2f924"},"changed":"2023-07-25T10:41:11+0200"}]}],"siteName":"Glacial lakes","shortName":"Glacial lakes","siteType":"Stationary land-based site","protectionLevel":[{"label":"Category II \u2013 National Park","uri":"http:\/\/dd.eionet.europa.eu\/vocabularyconcept\/cdda\/IucnCategoryValue\/II"}],"landUse":[{"label":"natural areas not in other economic use","uri":"https:\/\/inspire.ec.europa.eu\/codelist\/HILUCSValue\/6_3_NaturalAreasNotInOtherEconomicUse"},{"label":"other uses","uri":"https:\/\/inspire.ec.europa.eu\/codelist\/HILUCSValue\/6_5_AreasWithoutAnySpecifiedPlannedUse"}],"images":[{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/PL_2015-zima.jpg","alt":"not defined"}]},"environmentalCharacteristics":{"airTemperature":{"yearlyAverage":4.7,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"\u00b0C","referencePeriod":null},"precipitation":{"yearlyAverage":1104,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"mm","referencePeriod":null},"biogeographicalRegion":"continental","biome":"freshwater_lakes","ecosystemType":[{"label":"Forest","uri":null},{"label":"Lakes","uri":null},{"label":"Small lakes","uri":null},{"label":"Temperate coniferous forests","uri":null}],"eunisHabitat":[{"label":"Inland surface waters (C)","uri":null},{"label":"Permanent mesotrophic lakes, ponds and pools (C1.2)","uri":null},{"label":"Permanent oligotrophic lakes, ponds and pools (C1.1)","uri":null},{"label":"Surface standing waters (C1)","uri":null}],"landforms":null,"geoBonBiome":["Fresh water lakes","Fresh water rivers","Terrestrial"],"geology":"mica schist, granite, and quartzite bedrock","hydrology":"Specific outlet: Catchment of Certovo Lake: 25-64 (42 on average) l\/km2\/s in 1998-2011. Catchment of Plesne Lake: 23-57 (35 on average) l\/km2\/s in 1998-2011.","soils":"Catchment of Certovo Lake is covered with ~0.5 m deep spodo-dystric cambisol (58%), podsol (21%), and shallow (~0.2 m) leptosol (17%); wetlands and bare rocks represent ~3% and 1%, respectively. Catchment of Plesne Lake is covered with ~0.2 m deep leptosol (38%) and ~0.45 m deep podsol (29%) or spodo-dystric cambisol (27%); the rest is bare rocks (5%) and wetlands (~1%).","vegetation":"The catchments weighted means of above-ground biomass of the understory vegetation (mostly Vaccinium myrtillus and Calamagrostis villosa) were 723 and 288 g m?2 in the PL and CT catchments, respectively, in 2004. Forest is dominated by mature Norvay spruce Picea abies), which was seriously damaged by a bark beetle (Ips typographus) outbreak during 2004-2006."},"geographic":{"boundaries":"MULTIPOLYGON (((13.867707252502 48.777884475163, 13.86626958847 48.778025876697, 13.865218162537 48.778068297079, 13.863587379456 48.777573390388, 13.861935138702 48.777827914439, 13.860111236572 48.777884475163, 13.858630657196 48.777686512348, 13.857364654541 48.776413875607, 13.854339122772 48.776470437925, 13.853352069855 48.7741371894, 13.855390548706 48.772256370744, 13.855497837067 48.771365432052, 13.857407569885 48.771337148025, 13.860540390015 48.770036065562, 13.865776062012 48.772171520121, 13.868157863617 48.775084642787, 13.867943286896 48.776314891397, 13.868050575256 48.777502689034, 13.867707252502 48.777884475163)), ((13.200244903564 49.165346286002, 13.199815750122 49.166272303995, 13.195738792419 49.169106372663, 13.190588951111 49.17008843782, 13.187928199768 49.169611437176, 13.18895816803 49.168180407673, 13.18865776062 49.166749336808, 13.189172744751 49.165626899344, 13.188829421997 49.164223816733, 13.190588951111 49.161557850243, 13.19402217865 49.161782358219, 13.196983337402 49.162483939082, 13.198742866516 49.163887070991, 13.200073242188 49.164756992808, 13.200244903564 49.165346286002)))","coordinates":"POINT (13.8667 48.7833)","country":["Czechia"],"elevation":{"avg":1008,"min":918,"max":1087,"unit":"msl"},"size":{"value":100,"unit":"ha"},"relatedLocations":null},"focusDesignScale":{"experiments":{"design":"partly experimentation","scale":"catchment scale"},"observations":{"design":"mainly observation","scale":"entire catchment"},"observedProperties":[{"label":"acid neutralising capacity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10310"},{"label":"atmospheric parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20937"},{"label":"biological parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20940"},{"label":"chlorophyll content of water","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10088"},{"label":"conductivity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22089"},{"label":"dissolved organic carbon in water","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10307"},{"label":"lake temperature","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10011"},{"label":"precipitation intensity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22204"},{"label":"secchi depth","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22226"},{"label":"specific conductivity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22289"},{"label":"suspended solids","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22293"},{"label":"water acidity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22030"},{"label":"water alkalinity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10303"},{"label":"water depth","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22310"},{"label":"water parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20945"},{"label":"water quality","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22312"},{"label":"water temperature","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22313"}]},"infrastructure":{"accessibleAllYear":false,"accessType":"regular car","allPartsAccessible":false,"maintenanceInterval":21,"permanentPowerSupply":false,"operation":{"permanent":false,"notes":"Discharge: 15-min intervals; water and air temperatures: 15 min-1 hour intervals; atmospheric deposition: 2-4 week intervals; water: 1-3 week intervals;  soil 6 week to one year intervals depending on study type.","siteVisitInterval":7},"notes":"Sites are accessible by car and some parts by additional walking (2 km) in summer. In winter, the only access is on ski or snowshoes (3-9 km).   ","collection":[{"label":"GMS\/UMTS","uri":null},{"label":"No data transmission from site","uri":null},{"label":"No lodging possible","uri":null},{"label":"No tower on site","uri":null},{"label":"Other data services","uri":null},{"label":"Spatial data file (GIS)","uri":null},{"label":"Structured file","uri":null},{"label":"Unstructured file","uri":null}],"data":{"policy":{"url":null,"rights":["Co-authorship on publications resulting from use of the dataset","The data provider must be offered co-authorship for publications using this dataset at least within the metadata description","Formal acknowledgement of the dataset providers","The opportunity to collaborate on the project using the dataset","The opportunity to review the results based on the dataset"],"notes":null}}},"relatedResources":null,"projectRelated":{"lter":{"lterSiteClassification":"Master Site"}}}}