{"title":"Cathedral Peak research catchments - South Africa","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/","suffix":"495a527c-4b57-4daa-b783-9b1e016dbaec"},"type":"site","created":"2016-04-01T12:51:54+02:00","changed":"2025-05-09T10:46:31+02:00","attributes":{"affiliation":{"networks":[{"network":{"name":"GERI","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"c3abdc60-49f1-49db-81fe-863b7dbb21d3"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"ILTER","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"1aa7ccb2-a14b-43d6-90ac-5e0a6bc1d65b"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"SAEON","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"bce17afa-e548-4410-99d2-4eade740c9a9"}},"siteCode":"LTER-SAF-ZA-14","verified":true}],"projects":null},"contact":{"siteManager":[{"type":"person","name":"Susan Janse van Rensburg","email":"sue@saeon.ac.za","orcid":null}],"operatingOrganisation":[{"type":"organisation","name":"Ezemvelo KwaZulu-Natal Wildlife (EZKNW)","url":"http:\/\/www.kznwildlife.com\/","ror":null}],"metadataProvider":[{"type":"organisation","name":"South African Environmental Observation Network (SAEON)","url":"http:\/\/www.saeon.ac.za\/","ror":"https:\/\/ror.org\/041j42q70"}],"fundingAgency":null,"siteUrl":[{"title":"SAEON, Grasslands Node","value":"https:\/\/grasslands.saeon.ac.za\/"}]},"general":{"abstract":"The Cathedral Peak research catchments in the northern uKhahlamba Drakensberg mountains, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa have been a focus of observation research since the 1940\u2019s. The Drakensberg mountains which fall in the grasslands biome, are a crucial water source area for South Africa, owing to the relatively high rainfall and ratio of rainfall to runoff conversion in this region. This portion of southern Africa\u0027s grassland biome also supports phenomenal levels of biodiversity. The research catchments themselves are primary, headwater catchments that fall within a protected area. The catchments were initially established to investigate the influence of various land management treatments on water but over time the research has broadened to a more interdisciplinary focus incorporating carbon\u2013water\u2013energy\u2013biodiversity and the dynamics between these. Although the core of the observation and monitoring is sited in the catchments, the research extends beyond the protected area into communal, state, and privately owned lands. The land beyond the protected area is valued for agriculture, ranging from subsistence agriculture in impoverished villages to large-scale commercial agriculture. Scientific work in the landscape continues to grow and expand.","citation":null,"relatedIdentifiers":null,"status":{"label":"Operational","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/elter_cl\/10772"},"yearEstablished":1935,"yearClosed":null,"relatedSites":null,"siteName":"Cathedral Peak research catchments","shortName":"CPRC","siteType":"Stationary land-based site","protectionLevel":[{"label":"Category VI \u2013 Protected Area with sustainable use of natural resources","uri":"http:\/\/dd.eionet.europa.eu\/vocabularyconcept\/cdda\/IucnCategoryValue\/VI"}],"landUse":null,"images":[{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/CPeak%2520RC.jpg","alt":"Looking towards the distant Cathedral Peak research catchments from a communal portion of the landscape."}]},"environmentalCharacteristics":{"airTemperature":{"yearlyAverage":13.8,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"\u00b0C","referencePeriod":{"label":"Other, non-standardised or incomplete reference period","uri":null}},"precipitation":{"yearlyAverage":1380,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"mm","referencePeriod":{"label":"Other, non-standardised or incomplete reference period","uri":null}},"biogeographicalRegion":null,"biome":"grasslands","ecosystemType":[{"label":"Agricultural","uri":null},{"label":"Chaparral","uri":null},{"label":"Forest","uri":null},{"label":"Fresh Water Rivers","uri":null},{"label":"Grasslands","uri":null},{"label":"Large river headwaters","uri":null},{"label":"Montane grasslands and shrublands","uri":null},{"label":"Rivers","uri":null},{"label":"Small rivers","uri":null},{"label":"Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests","uri":null},{"label":"Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands","uri":null}],"eunisHabitat":[{"label":"Grasslands and lands dominated by forbs, mosses or lichens (E)","uri":null},{"label":"Moist or wet eutrophic and mesotrophic grassland (E3.4)","uri":null},{"label":"Seasonally wet and wet grasslands (E3)","uri":null}],"landforms":[{"label":"Mountain","uri":null}],"geoBonBiome":["Fresh water rivers","Terrestrial"],"geology":"The catchments are underlain by basaltic lavas, which overlie Clarens Sandstone. Three post-Karoo dolerite dykes, each 3 m wide, run through the research area but they are assumed to exert no hydrological influence.","hydrology":"Approximately 49 % of the rainfall is converted to streamflow, with two thirds of the streamflow yield occurring during the four months from January to April.","soils":"The soils of the catchments are acidic, highly leached and are classified as Lateritic Red and Yellow earths, grading into heavy black soils (Katspruit and Champagne) in the saturated zones and along the stream banks. The mean soil depth in the catchments is approximately 0.80 m, with an A-horizon depth of 0.20 m. However the mean soil depth of catchment VI is 0.50 m with an A-horizon depth of 0.25 m. The depth of the soil profile is at least 1.5 m with Hutton and Griffin forms occurring frequently on the gentler slopes of the catchments.","vegetation":"Primarily C4 grasslands, occasional  with forest patches, wetlands and C3 grasslands at higher altitude."},"geographic":{"boundaries":"MULTIPOLYGON (((29.211724185953 -29.007634000732, 29.209993164643 -29.007670830973, 29.209219729589 -29.007965472898, 29.207580783881 -29.008186454342, 29.206623197624 -29.008573171868, 29.206715273225 -29.007652415852, 29.206162819616 -29.006165394886, 29.206162819616 -29.005115733028, 29.205665611367 -29.004250222373, 29.205610366006 -29.003071654672, 29.205297308961 -29.001451124084, 29.207028330271 -28.997427420294, 29.207507123399 -28.995438587299, 29.207654444362 -28.994094283515, 29.208501539897 -28.993007791416, 29.208906672544 -28.992860470454, 29.209367050552 -28.992915715815, 29.209569616875 -28.993081451898, 29.210858675298 -28.995995644689, 29.210692939215 -28.995608927162, 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