{"title":"Plum Island Ecosystems - United States of America","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/","suffix":"4c2cfbde-0fcf-4a87-99ee-52182bfa240a"},"type":"site","created":"2012-12-25T19:36:16+01:00","changed":"2023-07-17T19:04:17+02:00","attributes":{"affiliation":{"networks":[{"network":{"name":"ILTER","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"1aa7ccb2-a14b-43d6-90ac-5e0a6bc1d65b"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"US LTER","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"fd9cd567-bba5-4b3e-a351-cc4404640972"}},"siteCode":"LTER-NAM-US-28","verified":true}],"projects":null},"contact":{"siteManager":[{"type":"person","name":"Anne Giblin","email":"agiblin@mbl.edu","orcid":null}],"operatingOrganisation":null,"metadataProvider":[{"type":"person","name":"Risa McNellis","email":"rmcnellis@mbl.edu","orcid":null}],"fundingAgency":null,"siteUrl":[{"title":"PIE LTER Web site","value":"https:\/\/pie-lter.ecosystems.mbl.edu\/"}]},"general":{"abstract":"The Plum Island Ecosystems (PIE) LTER research site consists of coupled watersheds and estuaries in northeastern Massachusetts, USA. The Ipswich River (400km2), Parker River (161km2), and Rowley River (39km2) basins make up the watersheds of the system. The watersheds lie within the Boston Metropolitan region. Population density is about 250 people per km2.\r\nThe 25 km long (16 miles) macrotidal Plum Island Sound estuary contains salt marsh, dominated by marsh hay (Spartina patens) and smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora), fresh marsh, dominated by cattail (Typha), intertidal flats, and open water tidal creeks and bays. This is the largest wetland dominated estuary in New England and it supports extremely productive commercial and recreational soft-shell clam and striped bass fisheries.\r\nWe have been investigating the ecology of Plum Island Sound estuary since the late 1980s with support primarily from the National Science Foundation. (NSF) We were part of NSF Land Margin Ecosystems Research program in the early 90\u2019s. The site became part of the NSF\u0027s Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) Network in 1998. The Plum Island project is one of only 4 LTER sites that studies the effects of human activities in watersheds on estuaries. The PIE LTER has developed an extensive database open to the public via the Internet that includes our results from long-term field observations and experiments in the Ipswich, Parker and Rowley River watersheds and the Plum Island Sound estuary.","citation":null,"relatedIdentifiers":null,"status":{"label":"Operational","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/elter_cl\/10772"},"yearEstablished":1992,"yearClosed":null,"relatedSites":null,"siteName":"Plum Island Ecosystems","shortName":"PIE LTER","siteType":"Platform","protectionLevel":null,"landUse":null,"images":[{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2023-07\/Jul%2026%202022%20Growler%20at%20Nelson%20Island%201%20-%20Risa.jpeg","alt":"Photo of the salt marsh at PIE showing a boat in a water channel surrounded by grass."},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/PIE%2520map%2520with%2520watershed%2520insert_PIE%2520IV%2520proposal.png","alt":"Map showing the area included in PIE"}]},"environmentalCharacteristics":{"airTemperature":{"yearlyAverage":10,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"\u00b0C","referencePeriod":null},"precipitation":{"yearlyAverage":1188,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"mm","referencePeriod":null},"biogeographicalRegion":null,"biome":"coastal","ecosystemType":[{"label":"Agricultural","uri":null},{"label":"Coastal","uri":null},{"label":"Deciduous Forest","uri":null},{"label":"Evergreen Forest","uri":null},{"label":"Forest","uri":null},{"label":"Rivers","uri":null},{"label":"Temperate coniferous forests","uri":null},{"label":"Urban","uri":null}],"eunisHabitat":null,"landforms":null,"geoBonBiome":["Coastal","Terrestrial"],"geology":null,"hydrology":null,"soils":null,"vegetation":null},"geographic":{"boundaries":null,"coordinates":"POINT (-70.855407191106 42.725175955131)","country":["United States of America"],"elevation":{"avg":30,"min":0,"max":100,"unit":"msl"},"size":{"value":60000,"unit":"ha"},"relatedLocations":null},"focusDesignScale":{"experiments":{"design":"mainly experimentation","scale":"beyond catchment scale"},"observations":{"design":"mainly observation","scale":"entire catchment"},"observedProperties":[{"label":"above ground net primary production","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10043"},{"label":"acid neutralising capacity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10310"},{"label":"ammonium content","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10071"},{"label":"ammonium nitrate concentration","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10072"},{"label":"ammonium nitrogen content","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10076"},{"label":"atmospheric parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20937"},{"label":"atmospheric pressure","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22060"},{"label":"available phosphorus","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22061"},{"label":"biological parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20940"},{"label":"carbon-to-nitrogen ratio","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21350"},{"label":"chlorophyll content of water","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10088"},{"label":"conductivity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22089"},{"label":"daylight length","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22100"},{"label":"direct radiation intensity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22044"},{"label":"dissolved nutrient","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22107"},{"label":"dissolved organic carbon in soil","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22045"},{"label":"dissolved organic carbon in water","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10307"},{"label":"dissolved organic nitrogen in soil","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22045"},{"label":"dissolved organic phosphorus","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22108"},{"label":"ecosystem parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20939"},{"label":"ecosystem structure","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21475"},{"label":"global radiation irradiance","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22125"},{"label":"ground water level","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22126"},{"label":"hydraulic conductivity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22133"},{"label":"inorganic carbon content","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22135"},{"label":"inorganic nitrogen content","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22136"},{"label":"inorganic nutrient content","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22137"},{"label":"irradiance","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22140"},{"label":"land cover","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22142"},{"label":"land use","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22143"},{"label":"landscape connectivity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22148"},{"label":"landscape fragmentation","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22149"},{"label":"landscape parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20943"},{"label":"leaf area","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22156"},{"label":"leaf area ratio","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22158"},{"label":"leaf nutrient","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22125"},{"label":"microbial diversity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22169"},{"label":"nitrogen content","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22174"},{"label":"percent carbon","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22181"},{"label":"percent nitrogen","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22182"},{"label":"percent organic carbon","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22183"},{"label":"photosynthetically active radiation intensity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22186"},{"label":"plant height","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22192"},{"label":"plant nitrogen concentration","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22193"},{"label":"potential evaporation","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10017"},{"label":"precipitation intensity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22204"},{"label":"redox potential of water","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21216"},{"label":"runoff amount","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/30032"},{"label":"secchi depth","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22226"},{"label":"snow depth","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22240"},{"label":"soil acidity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22243"},{"label":"soil alkalinity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22038"},{"label":"soil bulk density","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22245"},{"label":"soil gas flux","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22251"},{"label":"soil moisture content","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10039"},{"label":"soil moisture field capacity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10396"},{"label":"soil pH","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22264"},{"label":"soil parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20944"},{"label":"soil porosity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22267"},{"label":"soil respiration","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22269"},{"label":"soil salinity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22270"},{"label":"soil solution concentration","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22274"},{"label":"soil temperature","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22278"},{"label":"specific conductivity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22289"},{"label":"stage height","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22290"},{"label":"stream order","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21511"},{"label":"suspended solids","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22293"},{"label":"total carbon","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22296"},{"label":"total organic carbon","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22297"},{"label":"total radiation irradiance","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22298"},{"label":"water acidity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22030"},{"label":"water alkalinity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10303"},{"label":"water depth","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22310"},{"label":"water level","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/30025"},{"label":"water parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20945"},{"label":"water quality","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22312"},{"label":"water reflectance","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10391"},{"label":"water salinity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10308"},{"label":"water temperature","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22313"},{"label":"water transparency","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10392"},{"label":"water velocity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22315"},{"label":"water volume","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22316"},{"label":"wind direction","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22317"},{"label":"wind speed","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22319"}]},"infrastructure":{"accessibleAllYear":false,"accessType":null,"allPartsAccessible":false,"maintenanceInterval":null,"permanentPowerSupply":false,"operation":{"permanent":false,"notes":null,"siteVisitInterval":null},"notes":null,"collection":[{"label":"Data portal","uri":null}],"data":{"policy":{"url":[{"title":null,"value":"http:\/\/www.lternet.edu\/policies\/data-access"}],"rights":["The opportunity to review the results based on the dataset"],"notes":"Notification. The Data User will notify the Data Set Contact when any derivative work or publication based on or derived from the Data Set is distributed. The Data User will provide the data contact with two reprints of any publications resulting from use of the Data Set and will provide copies, or on-line access to, any derived digital products. Notification will include an explanation of how the Data Set was used to produce the derived work.\r\n"}}},"relatedResources":null,"projectRelated":{"lter":{"lterSiteClassification":"ltser"}}}}