{"title":"Sani Environmental Observatory - Greece","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/","suffix":"4c875c34-27f9-4ae5-9790-460ee47924d2"},"type":"site","created":"2022-01-27T11:21:22+01:00","changed":"2025-11-30T07:23:43+01:00","attributes":{"affiliation":{"networks":[{"network":{"name":"GERI","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"c3abdc60-49f1-49db-81fe-863b7dbb21d3"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"LTER Europe","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"4742ffca-65ac-4aae-815f-83738500a1fc"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"LTER Greece","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"83453a6c-792d-4549-9dbb-c17ced2e0cc3"}},"siteCode":"LTER_EU_GR_009","verified":true}],"projects":null},"contact":{"siteManager":[{"type":"person","name":"Mariangela Fotelli","email":"fotelli@fri.gr","orcid":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9310-5017"}],"operatingOrganisation":[{"type":"organisation","name":"Hellenic Agricultural Organization Dimitra","url":"https:\/\/www.elgo.gr\/","ror":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02zdssw25"}],"metadataProvider":[{"type":"person","name":"Mariangela Fotelli","email":"fotelli@fri.gr","orcid":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9310-5017"}],"fundingAgency":[{"type":"organisation","name":"Forest Research Institute","url":"https:\/\/www.fri.gr\/","ror":null}],"siteUrl":[{"title":"Sani Environmental Observatory","value":"https:\/\/www.lter-greece.gr\/sites\/sani-environmental-observatory\/"}]},"general":{"abstract":"The Sani Environmental Observatory (S.E.O.) is located within a mature, near-coastal Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis L.) ecosystem at the peninsula of Kassandra, in Chalkidiki, Greece. It is part of the Stavronikita forest, which comprises approximately 300 ha of land covered mainly by forests and to a lesser extend by shrubs and pastures. The Observatory aims primarily at the assessment of the carbon and water balance of this typical low-elevation forest ecosystem to the ongoing climatic shift. Such ecosystems may be prone to the intensified heat and drought events, as well as to the associated insects\u2019 and pathogens\u2019 outbreaks, which are increasingly occurring at the Mediterranean region and particularly at its eastern part. Although Aleppo pines, as well as other Mediterranean pines, are generally adapted to the region\u2019s xerothermic conditions, the in-depth understanding of their ecophysiological and growth responses will allow us to predict the potential of such ecosystems to adapt to climate change. SEO also serves to assess the carbon stocks and fluxes and the contribution of these natural, old-growth ecosystems to carbon sequestration and, thus, to climate change mitigation. S.E.O. is developed by the Forest Research Institute (Lab of Forest Ecophysiology) of the Hellenic Agricultural Organization Dimitra with the support of Sani Resort SA, the owner of the studied forest ecosystem, presenting a nice example of collaboration between the research community and the private sector. Given that SEO is located at a region of high touristic and aesthetic value, close to a wetland and the sea, the Observatory also plans actions to familiarize people with environmental monitoring and the multiple functions and services of the studied Mediterranean ecosystem.","citation":null,"relatedIdentifiers":null,"status":{"label":"Operational","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/elter_cl\/10772"},"yearEstablished":2008,"yearClosed":null,"relatedSites":null,"siteName":"Sani Environmental Observatory","shortName":"S.E.O.","siteType":"Stationary land-based site","protectionLevel":[{"label":"Category IV \u2013 Habitat\/Species Management Area","uri":"http:\/\/dd.eionet.europa.eu\/vocabularyconcept\/cdda\/IucnCategoryValue\/IV"}],"landUse":[{"label":"cultural entertainment and recreational 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measurements"}]},"environmentalCharacteristics":{"airTemperature":{"yearlyAverage":16.3,"monthlyAverage":[7.9,9.3,11.4,14.1,18.7,23.4,25.6,25.7,21.6,16.4,13.2,9.4],"unit":"\u00b0C","referencePeriod":null},"precipitation":{"yearlyAverage":558,"monthlyAverage":[57,79,54,29,44,36,18,15,44,68,45,51],"unit":"mm","referencePeriod":null},"biogeographicalRegion":"mediterranean","biome":"evergreen_forest","ecosystemType":[{"label":"Coastal","uri":null},{"label":"Evergreen Forest","uri":null},{"label":"Forest","uri":null},{"label":"Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub","uri":null}],"eunisHabitat":[{"label":"Coniferous woodland (G3)","uri":null},{"label":"Woodland, forest and other wooded land (G)","uri":null}],"landforms":[{"label":"Coast","uri":null}],"geoBonBiome":["Coastal"],"geology":null,"hydrology":null,"soils":"Calcari-chromic Vertisols and Chromic Luvisols","vegetation":"Aleppo pine forest with understorey maquis shrub vegetation, dominated byPistacia lentiscus L., Phyllirea media L. and Quercus coccifera L."},"geographic":{"boundaries":"POLYGON ((23.335666 40.071396, 23.33807 40.073202, 23.336868 40.074384, 23.339101 40.075796, 23.33807 40.076584, 23.337126 40.077208, 23.33631 40.077241, 23.335752 40.076913, 23.335237 40.077307, 23.334421 40.07688, 23.332876 40.078752, 23.332446 40.080525, 23.331256 40.082631, 23.330533 40.0837, 23.3283 40.085145, 23.327613 40.086196, 23.323921 40.084357, 23.322833 40.083907, 23.321717 40.08545, 23.321159 40.086862, 23.320429 40.08811, 23.319742 40.088044, 23.319399 40.090966, 23.318669 40.091754, 23.317124 40.093133, 23.31551 40.09506, 23.31448 40.095126, 23.313793 40.095848, 23.313364 40.099197, 23.313228 40.101804, 23.316148 40.106399, 23.31735 40.110338, 23.31237 40.111651, 23.310824 40.108894, 23.307905 40.105086, 23.306875 40.10246, 23.304471 40.099703, 23.308077 40.09944, 23.310137 40.097733, 23.310481 40.094188, 23.309451 40.090117, 23.308764 40.08749, 23.309107 40.085914, 23.309243 40.084423, 23.310702 40.083438, 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