{"title":"Eastern Ligurian Sea - Italy","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/","suffix":"56a6b13f-7c03-4bfa-ad4f-5f7e0f8189ca"},"type":"site","created":"2015-10-01T11:18:46+02:00","changed":"2025-01-07T11:14:56+01:00","attributes":{"affiliation":{"networks":[{"network":{"name":"GERI","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"c3abdc60-49f1-49db-81fe-863b7dbb21d3"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"ILTER","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"1aa7ccb2-a14b-43d6-90ac-5e0a6bc1d65b"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"LTER Europe","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"4742ffca-65ac-4aae-815f-83738500a1fc"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"LTER Italia (Italy)","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"7fef6b73-e5cb-4cd2-b438-ed32eb1504b3"}},"siteCode":"LTER_EU_IT_107","verified":true}],"projects":[{"label":"UNESCO World Heritage Site","uri":"https:\/\/whc.unesco.org\/en\/about\/"}]},"contact":{"siteManager":[{"type":"person","name":"Chiara Lombardi","email":"silvia.cocito@enea.it","orcid":null},{"type":"person","name":"Tiziana Ciuffardi","email":"tiziana.ciuffardi@enea.it","orcid":null}],"operatingOrganisation":[{"type":"organisation","name":"National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA)","url":"http:\/\/www.enea.it\/en","ror":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02an8es95"}],"metadataProvider":[{"type":"organisation","name":"National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA)","url":"http:\/\/www.enea.it\/en","ror":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02an8es95"}],"fundingAgency":null,"siteUrl":[{"title":"LTER-Italy website","value":"http:\/\/www.lteritalia.it\/"}]},"general":{"abstract":"The study area is located between the mouth of the river Magra and the promontory of Monterosso. The Eastern Ligurian Sea is particularly interesting from a scientific point of view because it includes marine protected areas recognized by UNESCO (e.g. Porto Venere, Cinque Terre), located close to activities with potentially high environmental impacts. Furthermore, the site is very interesting for its biodiversity, as there is an unusually high number of species of both flora and fauna (including deep sea species), and it is part of the Whale Sanctuary. A long-term series of data is available and derives from high-frequency measurements and samplings to assess environmental and biological parameters. In particular the data concern the main trophic and physical descriptors (ammonia\/ammonium, Fluorescence, Nitrates, Nitrites, Inorganic Phosphate, Silicate, Nitrogen and Total Phosphorus, Oxygen, pH, conductivity, Water Temperature, Turbidity, current speed and direction). Since 2009 seasonal measurement campaigns of physical-chemical parameters are being performed at fixed coordinates in the Gulf of La Spezia. Continuous time series (mainly temperature and conductivity) are also available at fixed locations and a weather station is maintained. Since 1991, every three or six months, data on phenology and structural features of Posidonia oceanica meadows have been collected at Monterosso  and campaigns are carried out for the detection of changes in coralligenous communities and long-lived benthic species in the area. Other studies are focused on analyzing the dynamics of colonization and growth of benthic constructors in the Gulf of La Spezia (1997-2005), in order to evaluate the effects of climate change and at analyzing the resilience of communities affected by extreme events. From 2021, S. Teresa Bay hosts the first Italian Smart Bay (https:\/\/smartbaysteresa.com), cooperation platform among research institutes (ENEA, CNR and INGV), municipalities, national and international SMEs. Among Smart Bay objectives, the monitoring of the ocean and its ecosystem are prioritized and it serves also as natural laboratory for testing high-tech instruments used for marine environment monitoring. \r\nThe activities conducted by ENEA on marine ecosystems are mainly focused on the effects of indirect (e.g. climate change) and direct anthropogenic impacts (e.g. pollution, plastics) on marine life in order to evaluate its resilience to prevent and mitigate biodiversity loss and detect conservation measures. In particular, studies are focused on:\r\n- Effects of climate change and direct anthropogenic impacts on marine biodiversity in relation to species distribution, community structures and ecosystem functioning; \r\n- Vulnerability and ecological and functional adaptation of target species, used to created provisional models; \r\n- Ecosystem Services provided by bioconstructional calcifying ecosystems from natural and highly impacted sites (e.g. ports, marinas) and their potential in Nature Based Solutions applied to coastal marine environment.","citation":null,"relatedIdentifiers":null,"status":{"label":"Operational","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/elter_cl\/10772"},"yearEstablished":1973,"yearClosed":null,"relatedSites":[{"typeOfRelationship":{"label":"belongs to","uri":"null"},"listOfSites":[{"type":"site","title":"IT15 - Ligurian Sea - Italy","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/","suffix":"0b7dc506-1a46-4399-8d74-d547d8e2dcba"},"changed":"2023-07-25T10:20:50+0200"}]}],"siteName":"Eastern Ligurian Sea","shortName":"Eastern Ligurian Sea","siteType":"Stationary land-based site","protectionLevel":[{"label":"Category IV \u2013 Habitat\/Species Management Area","uri":"http:\/\/dd.eionet.europa.eu\/vocabularyconcept\/cdda\/IucnCategoryValue\/IV"}],"landUse":null,"images":[{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/Mar%2520Ligure%2520Orientale.jpg","alt":"Eastern Ligurian Sea Site"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2023-10\/30032019-087_0.jpg","alt":"Underwater marine life of Smart Bay S. Teresa (Gulf of La Spezia, Italy). \u00a9 Emilio Mancuso"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2023-10\/MooringTinetto.jpg","alt":"Mooring Tinetto fixed monitoring Site"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2023-10\/sitoMolluschicoltura.jpg","alt":"Mollusc farming fixed monitoring site"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2023-10\/sitoSmartBay.jpg","alt":"SMART BAY S. Teresa fixed monitoring site"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2023-10\/Ellisolandia%20elongata.jpg","alt":"Ellisolandia elongata, Corallinales"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2023-10\/paramuricea%20clavata.jpg","alt":"Paramuricea clavata, Cnidaria \u00a9 Ilaria Gonelli"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2023-10\/Pentapora%20fascialis.jpg","alt":"Pentapora fascialis, Bryozoa"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2023-10\/Ellisolandia%20elongata2.jpg","alt":"Ellisolandia elongata, Corallinales"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2023-10\/Posidonia%20oceanica.jpg","alt":"Posidonia oceanica"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2023-10\/research.jpg","alt":"Diving research activities"}]},"environmentalCharacteristics":{"airTemperature":{"yearlyAverage":15.4,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"\u00b0C","referencePeriod":null},"precipitation":{"yearlyAverage":1100,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"mm","referencePeriod":null},"biogeographicalRegion":null,"biome":"marine","ecosystemType":[{"label":"Coastal","uri":null},{"label":"Marine","uri":null},{"label":"Rivers","uri":null},{"label":"Small rivers","uri":null},{"label":"Temperate shelfs and seas","uri":null}],"eunisHabitat":[{"label":"Bentho-pelagic habitats (X30)","uri":null},{"label":"Circalittoral rock and other hard substrata (A4)","uri":null},{"label":"Coastal habitats (B)","uri":null},{"label":"Infralittoral rock and other hard substrata (A3)","uri":null},{"label":"Littoral rock and other hard substrata (A1)","uri":null},{"label":"Littoral sediment (A2)","uri":null},{"label":"Marine habitats (A)","uri":null},{"label":"Pelagic water column (A7)","uri":null},{"label":"Rock cliffs, ledges and shores, including 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temperature","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22035"},{"label":"atmospheric parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20937"},{"label":"chemical parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10333"},{"label":"chlorophyll content of water","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10088"},{"label":"community composition","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22086"},{"label":"conductivity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22089"},{"label":"dissolved nutrient","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22107"},{"label":"diversity index","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21513"},{"label":"ecosystem parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20939"},{"label":"ecosystem structure","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21475"},{"label":"habitat structure","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21478"},{"label":"inorganic nutrient content","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22137"},{"label":"leaf area","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22156"},{"label":"leaf area ratio","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22158"},{"label":"nitrogen content","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22174"},{"label":"oxygen concentration","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/30179"},{"label":"pH value of water","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21218"},{"label":"percent carbon","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22181"},{"label":"percent organic carbon","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22183"},{"label":"photosynthetically active radiation intensity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22186"},{"label":"precipitation intensity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22204"},{"label":"sea surface temperature","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22225"},{"label":"secchi depth","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22226"},{"label":"solar radiation","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22284"},{"label":"species presence","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10081"},{"label":"species turnover","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22288"},{"label":"suspended solids","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22293"},{"label":"total organic carbon","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22297"},{"label":"water depth","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22310"},{"label":"water parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20945"},{"label":"water quality","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22312"},{"label":"water salinity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10308"},{"label":"water temperature","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22313"},{"label":"water transparency","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10392"},{"label":"water velocity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22315"},{"label":"wind direction","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22317"},{"label":"wind speed","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22319"}]},"infrastructure":{"accessibleAllYear":true,"accessType":"boat","allPartsAccessible":true,"maintenanceInterval":180,"permanentPowerSupply":false,"operation":{"permanent":true,"notes":"Since 2009 seasonal measurement campaigns of physical-chemical parameters are being performed at fixed coordinates in the Gulf of La Spezia. Continuous time series are also available at 9 fixed locations: Tino (Lat. 44.032 Long. 9.848), Mooring Tino (Lat. 44.017 Long. 9.817), Mooring Tinetto (Lat. 44.024 Long. 9.850), Baia Blu (Lat. 44.083 Long. 9.884), Castello (Lat. 44.072 Long. 9.907), Tinetto (Lat. 44.024 Long. 9.850), Saladero (Lat. 44.052 Long. 9.854), Olivo (Lat. 44.057 Long. 9.846), Mooring S.Pietro (Lat. 44.047 Long. 9.832). All of them provided water temperature measurements. Measurements of salinity (conductivity) are available for the station Tinetto and for the Mooring Tino. Measurements of current speed and direction are available for the Mooring of Tino and Tinetto. Time series cover the years from 2007 to 2015 (with some missing data), while temperature recpordings at Castello and Tinetto are still operative. Since 1991, every three or six months, data on phenology and structural features of Posidonia oceanica meadows are being collected in the MPA of Cinque Terre, in 3 stations at 3 depths. Since 1991, campaigns for the detection of changes in coralligenous communities and long-lived benthic species are also being carried out in the MPA of the Cinque Terre and in the islands of the Gulf of La Spezia. ","siteVisitInterval":30},"notes":null,"collection":[{"label":"Boat","uri":null},{"label":"Data portal","uri":null},{"label":"Marine Platform","uri":null},{"label":"No within site data transmission","uri":null},{"label":"Other transmission types","uri":null},{"label":"Paper","uri":null},{"label":"Proprietary file format","uri":null},{"label":"Structured file","uri":null},{"label":"Web Map Service (WMS)","uri":null}],"data":{"policy":{"url":null,"rights":["The opportunity to collaborate on the project using the dataset","Mutual agreement on reciprocal sharing of data"],"notes":null}}},"relatedResources":null,"projectRelated":{"lter":{"lterSiteClassification":"Regular Site"}}}}