{"title":"National Park Hainich - Germany","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/","suffix":"5b409a72-2a45-4238-a501-e24f1a2900db"},"type":"site","created":"2012-12-25T18:54:23+01:00","changed":"2025-12-15T09:01:41+01:00","attributes":{"affiliation":{"networks":[{"network":{"name":"EUROPARC","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"ce875203-854b-414b-a4d5-0719aff25622"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":false},{"network":{"name":"GERI","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"c3abdc60-49f1-49db-81fe-863b7dbb21d3"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"ICOS","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"80633d38-4c85-4ee0-a4ce-7bbbd99c888c"}},"siteCode":"http:\/\/meta.icos-cp.eu\/resources\/stations\/ES_DE-Hai","verified":true},{"network":{"name":"ILTER","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"1aa7ccb2-a14b-43d6-90ac-5e0a6bc1d65b"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"LTER Europe","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"4742ffca-65ac-4aae-815f-83738500a1fc"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"LTER-D (Germany)","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"e904354a-f3a0-40ce-a9b5-61741f66c824"}},"siteCode":"LTER_EU_DE_009","verified":true}],"projects":[{"label":"AGAME","uri":"https:\/\/www.umweltbundesamt.at\/en\/services\/agame"}]},"contact":{"siteManager":[{"type":"person","name":"Manfred Grossmann","email":"manfred.grossmann@nnl.thueringen.de","orcid":null}],"operatingOrganisation":null,"metadataProvider":[{"type":"person","name":"Manfred Grossmann","email":"manfred.grossmann@nnl.thueringen.de","orcid":null}],"fundingAgency":null,"siteUrl":[{"title":null,"value":"http:\/\/www.nationalpark-hainich.de\/ueberblick\/english.html"}]},"general":{"abstract":"Hainich is a large deciduous forest area in Thuringia and is situated in central Germany not far from the town of Eisenach with the famous Wartburg Castle. With a total area of ca. 16.000 hectares (13.000 hectares of which is forest), Hainich is the largest continuos area of deciduous forest in Germany. On the 31.12.1997 the southern part of Hainich, with an area of 7.500 hectares, was declared Germany\u2019s 13th National Park. Since then it has been seen as a place of relaxation close to nature that is open to sustainable tourism. The area has gone through an amazing development which is quite unique. Since 2011 Hainich is part of UNESCO World Heritage Site \u0022Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and the Ancient Beech Forests of Germany\u0022.  ","citation":null,"relatedIdentifiers":null,"status":{"label":"Operational","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/elter_cl\/10772"},"yearEstablished":1998,"yearClosed":null,"relatedSites":null,"siteName":"National Park Hainich","shortName":"DE-09-HA","siteType":"Stationary land-based site","protectionLevel":null,"landUse":null,"images":[{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/0020.jpg","alt":"Deadwood in the National Park Hainich. (picture: T. Stephan)"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/national-park-hainich-germany_5821.jpg","alt":"Springtime with blooming wild garlic. (picture: T. Stephan)"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/national-park-hainich-germany_5823.jpg","alt":"Summer in the National Park Hainich. (picture: T. Stephan)"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/national-park-hainich-germany_5824.jpg","alt":"The Betteleiche is a famous landmark of the National Park Hainich. (picture: J. Fischer)"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/national-park-hainich-germany_5825.jpg","alt":"A Treetop Walk allows visitors to explore the National Park from above. (picture: T. Stephan)"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/national-park-hainich-germany_5826.jpg","alt":"The Hainich is home of the retiring European wildcat. (picture: T. Stephan)"}]},"environmentalCharacteristics":{"airTemperature":{"yearlyAverage":8.23,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"\u00b0C","referencePeriod":null},"precipitation":{"yearlyAverage":625.9,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"mm","referencePeriod":null},"biogeographicalRegion":"continental","biome":"mixed_forest","ecosystemType":[{"label":"Forest","uri":null},{"label":"Grasslands","uri":null},{"label":"Lakes","uri":null}],"eunisHabitat":[{"label":"Broadleaved deciduous woodland (G1)","uri":null},{"label":"Dry grasslands (E1)","uri":null},{"label":"Grasslands and lands dominated by forbs, mosses or lichens (E)","uri":null},{"label":"Heathland, scrub and tundra (F)","uri":null},{"label":"Hedgerows (FA)","uri":null},{"label":"Mixed deciduous and coniferous woodland (G4)","uri":null},{"label":"Sparsely wooded grasslands (E7)","uri":null},{"label":"Woodland, forest and other wooded land (G)","uri":null}],"landforms":null,"geoBonBiome":["Fresh water lakes","Terrestrial"],"geology":"The geological underground is characterized by shell limestone formations. The majority of the area is occupied by the upper shell limestone. Middle and lower shell limestone are to be found mainly in the area of ??the western enclosure of the Hainich to Werratal. On a small scale in the National Park also occures keuper, sandstone and the Permian. The eastern slope of the Hainich is covered with loess coverings, which increase in thickness towards the Thuringian Basin. In the area of ??the south-west slope several tectonic disturbances occur.","hydrology":"In the eastern part of the National Park, elongated, shallow, south-west to north-eastern brook valleys with temporary streams are characteristic. Leaching processes in the subsoil (especially in the middle shell limestone) have also resulted in numerous smaller sinkholes in this area. Some are (or were) vermoort, others are filled with water. The rivers in the western part are also temporarily water-bearing source streams; natural standing waters or moorland formations are missing here.","soils":"Depending on the skeletal content and the influence of loess clay, particularly rendzina and brown earth-rendzina have developed as soil types in pending limestone. As far as clay cover occur, Terra fusca (with transitions to brown earth), Pararendzina and Kalkpelosole are also found here. All soils in the National Park are rich trophies.","vegetation":"On the well nutrient-supplied, fresh to dry locations on the eastern side of the Hainich the natural vegetation is predominantly barley-beech forests in alternation with woodruff-beech forests. On the west roof, which has a more atlantic character, mountain-seeweed-forest-barley-beech forests, on south- and west-exposed, drier upper slopes, would also grow small orchid-beech forests.\r\nCurrently, 70.4% of the area of ??the National Park is forest. Beech forests account for the largest share here, at 3.084 ha, followed by ash forests (987 ha, of which more than 2\/3 are pioneer forests). Oak forests occur on 348 ha. Other deciduous forest biotopes (eg maple and lime forests) and coniferous forests are only represented with small areas. In the open country, mesophilic grassland (824 ha), (semi) dry grasslands (553 ha) as well as fallow shrubs, perennials and grasslands (558 ha) have the largest proportion of acreage; In addition, almost 200 hectares of shrubbery are added."},"geographic":{"boundaries":"POLYGON ((10.3789305 51.0773787, 10.3788556 51.0771884, 10.3785669 51.0766819, 10.3784793 51.0764571, 10.3784956 51.0763549, 10.3789061 51.0765435, 10.3792073 51.0766387, 10.3793949 51.0763491, 10.3795285 51.076123, 10.3796213 51.0759153, 10.3797459 51.0756156, 10.380691 51.0755696, 10.3814809 51.0754477, 10.3818962 51.0753185, 10.3821665 51.0750689, 10.3829205 51.0746689, 10.3835181 51.0742903, 10.3837786 51.0740448, 10.3838866 51.0739364, 10.3843136 51.073642, 10.3847777 51.073428, 10.3853307 51.0730653, 10.3855972 51.0728732, 10.38569 51.0725938, 10.3860509 51.0724407, 10.3861437 51.0722034, 10.3859736 51.0721284, 10.3861878 51.0716745, 10.3858683 51.0715493, 10.3859821 51.0711991, 10.3864257 51.0706643, 10.3862339 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51.0788437, 10.3789501 51.0786452, 10.3788686 51.0783792, 10.3787449 51.0778186, 10.3789305 51.0773787))","coordinates":"POINT (10.452089 51.079407)","country":["Germany"],"elevation":{"avg":370,"min":225,"max":500,"unit":"msl"},"size":{"value":7520.35,"unit":"ha"},"relatedLocations":[{"title":"Hainich ICOS Station","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/locations\/","suffix":"d1af6627-9023-4db3-8680-0cacf3ae54ca"},"changed":"2024-09-12T14:17:55+0200"}]},"focusDesignScale":{"experiments":{"design":"partly experimentation","scale":"plot scale"},"observations":{"design":"mainly observation","scale":"plot within catchment"},"observedProperties":[{"label":"above ground biomass","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22025"},{"label":"above ground net primary production","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10043"},{"label":"air humidity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22032"},{"label":"air 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abundance","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10020"},{"label":"birds presence","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10082"},{"label":"canopy cover rate","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22076"},{"label":"canopy gap area","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22077"},{"label":"canopy height","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22079"},{"label":"canopy structure","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21446"},{"label":"carbon dioxide concentration","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22082"},{"label":"daylight length","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22100"},{"label":"diffuse radiation intensity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22106"},{"label":"diffuse reflectance","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22106"},{"label":"diffuse solar radiation intensity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22106"},{"label":"direct radiation intensity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22044"},{"label":"ecosystem parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20939"},{"label":"environmental parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20941"},{"label":"forest cover","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22123"},{"label":"forest structure","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21477"},{"label":"fungi species abundance","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10337"},{"label":"fungi species presence","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10340"},{"label":"ground surface temperature","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21526"},{"label":"ground temperature","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21527"},{"label":"ground water level","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22126"},{"label":"groundwater level","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22126"},{"label":"groundwater permeability","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22127"},{"label":"habitat use","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22128"},{"label":"home range area","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22132"},{"label":"incoming radiation intensity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22134"},{"label":"interception","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22139"},{"label":"irradiance","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22140"},{"label":"land cover type","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10241"},{"label":"land use","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22143"},{"label":"land use pattern","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22145"},{"label":"landscape parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20943"},{"label":"long wave radiation","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22164"},{"label":"maximum temperature","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21529"},{"label":"mean annual air temperature","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21530"},{"label":"mean annual precipitation","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22166"},{"label":"mean annual temperature","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21531"},{"label":"methane concentration","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22167"},{"label":"minimum temperature","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21532"},{"label":"net far infrared radiation irradiance","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22171"},{"label":"plant carbon concentration","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22187"},{"label":"plant density","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22189"},{"label":"plant diversity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22191"},{"label":"plant species presence","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10341"},{"label":"plant species richness","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22196"},{"label":"precipitation intensity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22204"},{"label":"radiation below canopy intensity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22208"},{"label":"reflected global radiation irradiance","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22209"},{"label":"reflected radiation intensity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22210"},{"label":"relative humidity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21579"},{"label":"remote sensing parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20946"},{"label":"solar radiation","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22284"},{"label":"sunshine duration","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22111"},{"label":"vegetation structure","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21482"},{"label":"water acidity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22030"},{"label":"water alkalinity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10303"},{"label":"water colour","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10390"},{"label":"water depth","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22310"},{"label":"water parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20945"},{"label":"water temperature","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22313"},{"label":"wind direction","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22317"},{"label":"wind direction (mean and gust)","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22318"},{"label":"wind speed","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22319"},{"label":"wind speed (mean and gust)","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22320"}]},"infrastructure":{"accessibleAllYear":true,"accessType":"paved road","allPartsAccessible":false,"maintenanceInterval":null,"permanentPowerSupply":true,"operation":{"permanent":true,"notes":null,"siteVisitInterval":null},"notes":"Basically, solid utilities, accommodation and major attractions are not in, but are located directly on the National Park. However, the facilities mentioned in the following destinations appear to be unproblematic for the National Park due to their location. To the south of Kammerforst was created the forest playground Wildkatzenkinderwald with an environmental education facility, which can be reached via the car parks Zollgarten (south of Kammerforst) and R\u00fcspelsweg (west of Flarchheim).\r\nAt the Turnerbank a barbecue area was built.\r\nFour huts are available to the hiker in the National Park (Totenkopf, Ihlefeld, Rennstieg am Otterb\u00fchl and the Craulaer Kreuz car park). At the Thiemsburg, especially with the opening of the treetop walk in 2005, the largest tourist attraction in the National Park and a concentration point for the visitors emerged. Here are also the National Park Center, a lodging, a restaurant and toilets. On the Ihlefeld a mobile supply device is offered.\r\nIn the National Park, observation and observation pulpits were erected at three selected locations: Silbersee, Zollgarten, Wartburgblick.\r\n","collection":[{"label":"\u003E 10 beds","uri":null},{"label":"Cable based","uri":null},{"label":"Central station(s)","uri":null},{"label":"Data portal","uri":null},{"label":"More than 100 kW","uri":null},{"label":"No within site data transmission","uri":null},{"label":"Paper","uri":null},{"label":"Proprietary file format","uri":null},{"label":"Radio transmission system (repeaters. receivers. centralstation)","uri":null},{"label":"Relational database","uri":null},{"label":"Satellite","uri":null},{"label":"Spatial data file (GIS)","uri":null},{"label":"Spatial database (GIS)","uri":null},{"label":"Structured file","uri":null},{"label":"Telephone line","uri":null},{"label":"Temperature Controlled Container","uri":null},{"label":"Unknown number of places","uri":null},{"label":"Unstructured file","uri":null},{"label":"Vehicle 2WD","uri":null},{"label":"Vehicle 4WD","uri":null},{"label":"Weekly","uri":null}],"data":{"policy":{"url":null,"rights":["Formal acknowledgement of the dataset providers","Reprints of articles using the dataset must be provided to the data provider","Legal permission for dataset use is obtained"],"notes":null}}},"relatedResources":null,"projectRelated":{"lter":{"lterSiteClassification":"Regular Site"}}}}