{"title":"Velika Morava - Serbia","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/","suffix":"5bc9428a-46e2-48c3-beb5-aec13d06f0fe"},"type":"site","created":"2012-12-25T19:06:20+01:00","changed":"2021-11-23T11:49:18+01:00","attributes":{"affiliation":{"networks":[{"network":{"name":"ILTER","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"1aa7ccb2-a14b-43d6-90ac-5e0a6bc1d65b"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"LTER Europe","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"4742ffca-65ac-4aae-815f-83738500a1fc"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"LTER Serbia","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"9b50de5e-a879-470a-97cb-46262ad76ec9"}},"siteCode":"LTER_EU_RS_011","verified":true}],"projects":[{"label":"eLTER (H2020)","uri":"https:\/\/cordis.europa.eu\/project\/id\/654359"}]},"contact":{"siteManager":[{"type":"person","name":"Vladica Simic","email":"simic@kg.ac.rs","orcid":null}],"operatingOrganisation":[{"type":"organisation","name":"LTER Serbia","url":"https:\/\/lter.biosense.rs\/","ror":null}],"metadataProvider":[{"type":"person","name":"Momir Paunovic","email":"mpaunovi@ibiss.bg.ac.rs","orcid":null}],"fundingAgency":[{"type":"organisation","name":"LTER Serbia","url":"https:\/\/lter.biosense.rs\/","ror":null}],"siteUrl":[{"title":null,"value":"http:\/\/baes.pmf.kg.ac.rs\/"}]},"general":{"abstract":"Velika Morava is 175 km long river originating from Western and Southern Morava Rivers. The whole catchment area (including Western and Southern Morava) is about 38.000 km\u00b2, while the basin area of Velika Morava is 6.760 km\u00b2. The mean annual flow is 245 m\u00b3 s-1 (gauge station Ljubicevo, near to the mouth of the Danube - Annual Water Quality Reports 1999-2008). Based on the size of catchments area and its flow, Velika Morava is one of the major tributaries of the Danube. Over 95% of the basin is located at the territory of the Republic Serbia. The water regime is unimodal, characterized by the prominent seasonal fluctuations. In the spring the river can be almost torrential (the mean flow near to the mouth 560 m\u00b3\/s), while in the rest of the year there is a \u0022low water\u0022 period, particularly in the autumn, when mean flow does not exceed 100 m\u00b3\/s. The riverbed is 80-200 m wide, and up to 10 m deep, although average depth usually does not exceed 2 m. The silicates are the dominant geological substrate in entire catchment area. According to the main geographical features  the river could be divided into two main parts. The lower one, from confluence with Dunav to the Resava River mouth (near Svilajnac), is 85 km long typical lowland watercourse (altitude lower the 100 m), with 0.35 \u2030 declination, and with sand and mud\/silt as dominant fractions of the riverbed. This part of the Velika Morava River belongs to Ecoregion 11 (ER11_Ser). The upper one, from the Resava river mouth to Stalac (the confluence of Southern and Western Morava Rivers), is 90 km long. The mean altitude is over 100 m a.s.l. (to 135 m), declination is 0.44 \u2030 and in the riverbed the dominant part are sand and gravel fractions. Upper part belongs to Ecoregion 5 (ER5_Ser). Velika Morava river basin has four permanent monitoring sites. The area is densely populated and the river is under the influence of various pollution sources (organic, agricultural, industrial), as well as hydromorphological pressures (meander cutting, shortening, channeling, as well as gravel and send extraction). ","citation":null,"relatedIdentifiers":null,"status":{"label":"Operational","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/elter_cl\/10772"},"yearEstablished":2010,"yearClosed":null,"relatedSites":null,"siteName":"Velika Morava","shortName":"V_Morava","siteType":"Stationary land-based site","protectionLevel":null,"landUse":null,"images":[{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/velika-morava-serbia_6498.jpg","alt":"not defined"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/velika-morava-serbia_6499.jpg","alt":"not defined"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/velika-morava-serbia_6500.jpg","alt":"not defined"}]},"environmentalCharacteristics":{"airTemperature":{"yearlyAverage":12.2,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"\u00b0C","referencePeriod":null},"precipitation":{"yearlyAverage":678,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"mm","referencePeriod":null},"biogeographicalRegion":"continental","biome":"freshwater_rivers","ecosystemType":[{"label":"Fresh Water Rivers","uri":null},{"label":"Rivers","uri":null}],"eunisHabitat":[{"label":"Inland surface waters (C)","uri":null},{"label":"Permanent non-tidal, smooth-flowing watercourses (C2.3)","uri":null},{"label":"Surface running waters (C2)","uri":null}],"landforms":null,"geoBonBiome":["Fresh water rivers"],"geology":"Silicates dominate within the basin area","hydrology":"The Velika Morava River, 175 km long. It is one of the major tributaries of the Danube in Serbia. Over 95% of the basin is located on the territory of the Republic Serbia, which is about 40% of state territory. The River arises from the Zapadna and the Ju?na Morava Rivers near the settlement of Stala? and reaches its confluence with Dunav near the city of Smederevo. The mean annual flow near to the mouth of the Danube is 245 m\u00b3\/s (gauge station Ljubi?evo. The water regime is unimodal, characterized by the prominent seasonal fluctuations. In the spring the river can be almost torrential (the mean flow near to the mouth 560 m\u00b3\/s), while in the rest of the year there is a \u0022low water\u0022 period, particularly in the autumn , when mean flow does not exceed 100 m\u00b3\/s.","soils":null,"vegetation":null},"geographic":{"boundaries":"POLYGON ((21.381454467773 43.752001195903, 21.380081176758 43.799349628072, 21.353988647461 43.802818719047, 21.359481811523 43.808269740747, 21.367721557617 43.835517387886, 21.359138488769 43.850622086479, 21.351928710938 43.865227910689, 21.359138488769 43.883294571711, 21.362915039062 43.901108378939, 21.354331970215 43.910507962317, 21.351585388184 43.922873573865, 21.363945007324 43.93078621667, 21.379051208496 43.93400042715, 21.383514404297 43.946855531908, 21.370124816894 43.955753591596, 21.353645324707 43.951057559438, 21.355361938477 43.962673383662, 21.358451843262 43.969592369822, 21.348838806152 43.974286937167, 21.340599060059 43.978239969208, 21.344718933106 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parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20939"},{"label":"ecosystem structure","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21475"},{"label":"runoff amount","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/30032"},{"label":"water parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20945"},{"label":"water temperature","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22313"}]},"infrastructure":{"accessibleAllYear":true,"accessType":"dirt road  (4WD)","allPartsAccessible":true,"maintenanceInterval":60,"permanentPowerSupply":false,"operation":{"permanent":false,"notes":null,"siteVisitInterval":60},"notes":null,"collection":[{"label":"Boat","uri":null},{"label":"Vehicle 4WD","uri":null},{"label":"Web Map Service (WMS)","uri":null}],"data":{"policy":{"url":null,"rights":["The data provider must be offered co-authorship for publications using this dataset at least within the metadata description","Formal acknowledgement of the dataset providers","The 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