{"title":"McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER - Antarctica","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/","suffix":"61320397-64ef-4d2f-b774-97ea094bc5d2"},"type":"site","created":"2012-12-25T19:35:21+01:00","changed":"2022-09-14T18:31:39+02:00","attributes":{"affiliation":{"networks":[{"network":{"name":"ILTER","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"1aa7ccb2-a14b-43d6-90ac-5e0a6bc1d65b"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"US LTER","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"fd9cd567-bba5-4b3e-a351-cc4404640972"}},"siteCode":"LTER-NAM-US-7","verified":true}],"projects":null},"contact":{"siteManager":[{"type":"person","name":"Michael Gooseff","email":"michael.gooseff@colorado.edu","orcid":null},{"type":"person","name":"Renee Brown","email":"rfbrown@unm.edu","orcid":null}],"operatingOrganisation":null,"metadataProvider":[{"type":"person","name":"Renee Brown","email":"rfbrown@unm.edu","orcid":null}],"fundingAgency":null,"siteUrl":[{"title":null,"value":"http:\/\/www.mcmlter.org"}]},"general":{"abstract":"The McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDVs) (78\u00b0S, 162\u00b0E) represent the largest (4500 km^2) ice-free area on the Antarctic continent. The MDV landscape is a mosaic of glaciers, soil and exposed bedrock, and stream channels that connect glaciers to closed-basin, permanently ice-covered lakes on the valley floors. Mean annual air temperatures are cold (ranging from -15 to -30\u00b0C on the valley floors), and precipitation is low (~50 mm annual water equivalent as snow). Summer air temperatures typically hover around freezing and winter air temperatures are commonly \u003C -40\u00b0C. While the water columns of the lakes are liquid and biologically active year round, glacial meltwater streams flow and soils thaw only during the austral summer. There are no vascular plants, but microbial mats are abundant in lakes and streams. Mat organisms are transported by wind onto glacier and lake ice surfaces where they actively metabolize in liquid water pockets (cryoconites) that form during the summer months. In the streams, which desiccate for ~10 months each year, cyanobacterial mats host extensive diatom and soil invertebrate communities. Lakes provide a habitat for diverse phototrophic and heterotrophic plankton communities that are adapted to annual light-dark cycles and temperatures near 0\u00b0C. Soils are inhabited by nematodes, rotifers, and tardigrades, all of which are metabolically active during summer. The McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER (MCM) began studying this cold desert ecosystem in 1993 and showed that its biocomplexity is inextricably linked to past and present climate drivers. In the fifth iteration of the MCM LTER program, we are working to determine how the MDVs respond to amplified landscape connectivity resulting from contemporary climate variation.","citation":null,"relatedIdentifiers":null,"status":{"label":"Operational","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/elter_cl\/10772"},"yearEstablished":1993,"yearClosed":null,"relatedSites":null,"siteName":"McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER","shortName":"MCM","siteType":"Platform","protectionLevel":null,"landUse":null,"images":[{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/tv-panoramic-hassan.jpg","alt":"Taylor Valley Panorama (Photo Credit: Hassan Basagic)"}]},"environmentalCharacteristics":{"airTemperature":{"yearlyAverage":-19,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"\u00b0C","referencePeriod":null},"precipitation":{"yearlyAverage":50,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"mm","referencePeriod":null},"biogeographicalRegion":null,"biome":"desert","ecosystemType":[{"label":"Desert","uri":null},{"label":"Lakes","uri":null},{"label":"Polar","uri":null},{"label":"Rivers","uri":null}],"eunisHabitat":[{"label":"Dry organic substrates with very sparse or no vegetation (H5.4)","uri":null},{"label":"Fjell fields and other freeze-thaw features with very sparse or no vegetation (H5.1)","uri":null},{"label":"Glacial moraines with very sparse or no vegetation (H5.2)","uri":null},{"label":"Ice caps and true glaciers (H4.2)","uri":null},{"label":"Inland cliffs, rock pavements and outcrops (H3)","uri":null},{"label":"Inland surface waters (C)","uri":null},{"label":"Inland unvegetated or sparsely vegetated habitats (H)","uri":null},{"label":"Miscellaneous inland habitats with very sparse or no vegetation (H5)","uri":null},{"label":"Permanent inland saline and brackish lakes, ponds and pools (C1.5)","uri":null},{"label":"Permanent lake ice (C1.7)","uri":null},{"label":"Permanent oligotrophic lakes, ponds and pools (C1.1)","uri":null},{"label":"Screes (H2)","uri":null},{"label":"Snow or ice-dominated habitats (H4)","uri":null},{"label":"Snow packs (H4.1)","uri":null},{"label":"Surface running waters (C2)","uri":null},{"label":"Surface standing waters (C1)","uri":null},{"label":"Temporary running waters (C2.5)","uri":null}],"landforms":[{"label":"Basin","uri":null},{"label":"Desert","uri":null},{"label":"Lake","uri":null},{"label":"Mountain","uri":null},{"label":"River","uri":null},{"label":"Valley","uri":null}],"geoBonBiome":["Fresh water lakes","Fresh water rivers","Terrestrial"],"geology":null,"hydrology":null,"soils":null,"vegetation":null},"geographic":{"boundaries":null,"coordinates":"POINT (162 -78)","country":["Antarctica"],"elevation":{"avg":100,"min":0,"max":1500,"unit":"msl"},"size":{"value":500000,"unit":"ha"},"relatedLocations":null},"focusDesignScale":{"experiments":{"design":"partly experimentation","scale":"catchment scale"},"observations":{"design":"partly observation","scale":"entire catchment"},"observedProperties":[{"label":"air temperature","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22035"},{"label":"albedo","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21351"},{"label":"algae species abundance","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10338"},{"label":"algae species presence","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10343"},{"label":"ammonium content","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10071"},{"label":"ammonium nitrate concentration","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10072"},{"label":"ammonium nitrogen content","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10076"},{"label":"atmospheric parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20937"},{"label":"atmospheric pressure","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22060"},{"label":"available phosphorus","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22061"},{"label":"bacteria abundance","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22026"},{"label":"bacteria presence","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10122"},{"label":"bacterial diversity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22062"},{"label":"base cations content in water","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21208"},{"label":"biological parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20940"},{"label":"carbon to nitrogen ratio","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21933"},{"label":"change in population size over time","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22085"},{"label":"chemical composition","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21454"},{"label":"chemical composition of water","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21213"},{"label":"chemical parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10333"},{"label":"chlorophyll a content in water","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21214"},{"label":"community composition","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22086"},{"label":"dissolved nutrient","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22107"},{"label":"dissolved organic carbon in water","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10307"},{"label":"dissolved organic nitrogen","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10125"},{"label":"dissolved organic phosphorus","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22108"},{"label":"dryland salinity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22110"},{"label":"ecosystem parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20939"},{"label":"inorganic carbon content","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22135"},{"label":"inorganic nitrogen content","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22136"},{"label":"inorganic nutrient content","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22137"},{"label":"landscape connectivity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22148"},{"label":"landscape parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20943"},{"label":"long wave radiation","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22164"},{"label":"maximum temperature","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21529"},{"label":"mean annual air temperature","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21530"},{"label":"mean annual precipitation","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22166"},{"label":"mean annual temperature","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21531"},{"label":"microbial biomass 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biomass","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/30021"},{"label":"primary productivity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21419"},{"label":"relative humidity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21579"},{"label":"remote sensing parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20946"},{"label":"snow water equivalent","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22242"},{"label":"soil albedo","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10302"},{"label":"soil microbial diversity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22257"},{"label":"soil nutrient","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22260"},{"label":"soil parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20944"},{"label":"soil temperature","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22278"},{"label":"soil water content","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22281"},{"label":"solar radiation","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22284"},{"label":"species abundance","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10018"},{"label":"species composition","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22285"},{"label":"species list","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22286"},{"label":"species presence","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10081"},{"label":"species richness","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22287"},{"label":"water albedo","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10304"},{"label":"water parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20945"},{"label":"water temperature","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22313"},{"label":"wind direction","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22317"},{"label":"wind speed","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22319"}]},"infrastructure":{"accessibleAllYear":false,"accessType":null,"allPartsAccessible":false,"maintenanceInterval":null,"permanentPowerSupply":false,"operation":{"permanent":false,"notes":null,"siteVisitInterval":null},"notes":null,"collection":[{"label":"Data portal","uri":null},{"label":"Probe continuous measurements","uri":null},{"label":"Radio transmission system (repeaters, receivers, centralstation)","uri":null},{"label":"Relational database","uri":null},{"label":"Satellite","uri":null}],"data":{"policy":{"url":null,"rights":["Formal acknowledgement of the dataset providers","The dataset provider is given a complete list of all products that make use of the dataset"],"notes":"Data packages provided by the McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER program are released under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0; http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which allows consumers (hereinafter referred to as \u201cData Users\u201d) to freely reuse, redistribute, transform, or build on this work (even commercially) so long as appropriate credit is provided. Accordingly, Data Users are required to properly cite this data package in any publications or in the metadata of any derived products that result from its use (in whole or in part). A recommended citation is provided on the summary metadata page associated with this data package in the McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER Data Catalog (https:\/\/mcmlter.org\/data), and a generic citation may be found on the summary metadata page in the repository where this data package was obtained. When these data contribute significantly to the contents of a publication, Data Users must also acknowledge that data were provided by the NSF-supported McMurdo Dry Valleys Long Term Ecological Research program (OPP-1637708). This data package has been released in the spirit of open scientific collaboration. Hence, Data Users are strongly encouraged to consider consultation, collaboration, and\/or co-authorship (as appropriate) with the data package creator(s). Data Users should be aware these data may be actively used by others for ongoing research; thus, coordination may be necessary to prevent duplicate publication. Data Users should also recognize that misinterpretation of data may occur if they are used outside the context of the original study. Hence, Data Users are urged to contact the data package creator(s) if they have any questions regarding methodology or results. While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of this data package (with all its components), complete accuracy cannot be guaranteed. Periodic updates to this data package may occur, and it is the responsibility of Data Users to check for new versions. This data package is made available \u201cas is\u201d and comes with no warranty of accuracy or fitness for use. The creator(s) of this data package and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for any damages resulting from misinterpretation, use, or misuse of these data. Finally, as a professional courtesy, we kindly request Data Users notify the primary contact referenced in the metadata when these data are used in the production of any derivative work or publication. Notification should include an explanation of how the data were used, along with a digital copy of the derived product(s). Thank you."}}},"relatedResources":null,"projectRelated":{"lter":{"lterSiteClassification":"ltser"}}}}