{"title":"LTSER Platform Koiliaris Critical Zone Observatory - Greece","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/","suffix":"65d7bf15-841a-4fb7-a36e-6f4d95a8d64e"},"type":"site","created":"2013-12-09T19:52:32+01:00","changed":"2025-01-07T11:14:56+01:00","attributes":{"affiliation":{"networks":[{"network":{"name":"Critical Zone Collaborative Network (CZ Net)","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"fda96130-91b3-42e6-8c85-2b8879986070"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":false},{"network":{"name":"GERI","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"c3abdc60-49f1-49db-81fe-863b7dbb21d3"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"ILTER","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"1aa7ccb2-a14b-43d6-90ac-5e0a6bc1d65b"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"LTER Europe","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"4742ffca-65ac-4aae-815f-83738500a1fc"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"LTER Greece","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"83453a6c-792d-4549-9dbb-c17ced2e0cc3"}},"siteCode":"LTER_EU_GR_001","verified":true}],"projects":[{"label":"SoilTrEC","uri":"https:\/\/esdac.jrc.ec.europa.eu\/projects\/soiltrec"},{"label":"eLTER (H2020)","uri":"https:\/\/cordis.europa.eu\/project\/id\/654359"},{"label":"eLTER PLUS (H2020) - RA","uri":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3030\/871128"},{"label":"eLTER PLUS (H2020) - TA","uri":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3030\/871128"},{"label":"eLTER PLUS (H2020) - VA","uri":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3030\/871128"}]},"contact":{"siteManager":[{"type":"person","name":"Nikolaos Nikolaidis","email":"nikolaos.nikolaidis@enveng.tuc.gr","orcid":null}],"operatingOrganisation":[{"type":"organisation","name":"Technical University of Crete","url":"http:\/\/www.tuc.gr\/3323.html","ror":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03f8bz564"}],"metadataProvider":[{"type":"person","name":"Dionissis Efstathiou","email":"dionissis.efstathiou@enveng.tuc.gr","orcid":null}],"fundingAgency":[{"type":"organisation","name":"Laboratory of Hydrochemical Engineering \u0026 Remediation of Soil, Technical University of Crete","url":"https:\/\/www.herslab.tuc.gr\/","ror":null}],"siteUrl":[{"title":null,"value":"http:\/\/www.koiliaris-czo.tuc.gr"},{"title":null,"value":"http:\/\/www.herslab.tuc.gr"}]},"general":{"abstract":"The Koiliaris River watershed is a Critical Zone Observatory that represents severely degraded soils due to heavy agricultural impact such as grazing, over many centuries. It represents Mediterranean soils under imminent threat of desertification (soil carbon loss) due to climate change that is predicted by the UN IPCC for the region over the next century. It is located in Western Crete, Greece. There are 17 communities in the catchment. The total area is 130 sqkm and the total length of the river is 36 km. \r\nIntensive hydrologic and geochemical monitoring has been conducted since 2004 while the site has historical data since the \u201860s. In addition, high-frequency hydrologic and water quality monitoring stations have been deployed to obtain data for the characterization of the hydrologic and biogeochemical processes with varying process response-times. There are 3 meteorological stations within the watershed and several outside. Water quality data of surface and groundwater have been collected since 2004. Koiliaris-CZO is managed by the Laboratory of Hydrochemical Engineering \u0026 Remediation of Soil (H.E.R.S. Lab) of the Technical University of Crete.\r\n","citation":null,"relatedIdentifiers":null,"status":{"label":"Operational","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/elter_cl\/10772"},"yearEstablished":2004,"yearClosed":null,"relatedSites":null,"siteName":"LTSER Platform Koiliaris Critical Zone Observatory","shortName":"Koiliaris-CZO","siteType":"Platform","protectionLevel":[{"label":"Category V \u2013 Protected Landscape\/Seascape\/Area","uri":"http:\/\/dd.eionet.europa.eu\/vocabularyconcept\/cdda\/IucnCategoryValue\/V"}],"landUse":null,"images":[{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/KRB-CZO001.jpg","alt":"not defined"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/KRB-CZO013.jpg","alt":"not defined"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/KRB-CZO015.jpg","alt":"not defined"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/KRB-CZO018.jpg","alt":"not defined"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/KRB-CZO019.jpg","alt":"not defined"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/KRB-CZO041.jpg","alt":"not defined"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/KRB-CZO042.jpg","alt":"not defined"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/KRB-CZO054.jpg","alt":"not defined"}]},"environmentalCharacteristics":{"airTemperature":{"yearlyAverage":15.8,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"\u00b0C","referencePeriod":null},"precipitation":{"yearlyAverage":1016.74,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"mm","referencePeriod":null},"biogeographicalRegion":"mediterranean","biome":"agricultural","ecosystemType":[{"label":"Agricultural","uri":null},{"label":"Forest","uri":null},{"label":"Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub","uri":null}],"eunisHabitat":[{"label":"Inland surface waters (C)","uri":null},{"label":"Surface running waters (C2)","uri":null},{"label":"Temporary running waters (C2.5)","uri":null}],"landforms":null,"geoBonBiome":["Fresh water rivers","Terrestrial"],"geology":"The geology of Koiliaris-CZO consists of 71.8% Plattenkalk which is comprised mainly by dolomites, marbles, limestone and re-crystallized limestone with cherts; 9.5% calcaric marls in Neogene formations; 6.1% marls in Neogene formations; 6.1% schists and 6.4% quaternary alluvial deposits.","hydrology":"Koiliaris is joined with four tributaries, from which two are temporary rivers (Keramiotis and Anavreti) and two permanent. The springs of Koiliaris River originate from the White Mountains. The climate is Mediterranean and characterized by a separation of seasons. Summer usually is hot\/dry and winter is cold\/wet. The mean annual rainfall in the northern part of the catchment is 705 mm (447-1032mm). The highest catchment\u0027s slope is 43% at the White Mountains, while gentle slopes (4.8%) are present in the valley and the estuary of Koiliaris. The highest altitude is 2041 m.","soils":"In Koiliaris CZO the soils are thin, poorly developed, and follow the lithology of the area. There are three main types of soils: in high altitude, there are calcaric lithosols (FAO) obtained from the weathering of limestones, calcaric regosols developed in low altitudes in Neocene and Alluvial formations and eutric lithosols developed in schists with mainly coarse texture.","vegetation":"Land use includes cropland and pasture (35%), olive and orange groves (32.1%), shrub and brush (32.3%) and mixed forest (0.6%)."},"geographic":{"boundaries":"POLYGON ((24.14961454099 35.471933131218, 24.123537130656 35.470153337953, 24.121541294123 35.462268681507, 24.106291949217 35.461571738921, 24.094758985235 35.465808204212, 24.047143641752 35.458385313112, 24.03757539061 35.453959005638, 24.029609296841 35.452941941112, 24.011192311957 35.439078250514, 24.00904781914 35.421263742113, 24.002438026987 35.414564316328, 24.003171346502 35.395929916366, 24.027089046353 35.371391190627, 24.028842418717 35.353919209381, 24.037992205742 35.345204578576, 24.048688315527 35.344065078772, 24.061096448384 35.336466134542, 24.073801840557 35.343971195435, 24.086667671273 35.352490037836, 24.088126663964 35.364375814167, 24.114086923058 35.390196380983, 24.126720955389 35.392090088263, 24.136435202141 35.389780392302, 24.146970953552 35.396606864749, 24.156376732812 35.409961176515, 24.175494057134 35.411867717761, 24.172250687946 35.432301181261, 24.184665309905 35.449742712617, 24.14961454099 35.471933131218))","coordinates":"POINT (24.08993 35.41344)","country":["Greece"],"elevation":{"avg":600.95,"min":0,"max":2225,"unit":"msl"},"size":{"value":13000,"unit":"ha"},"relatedLocations":[{"title":"TUC-KRB-SAMONAS","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/locations\/","suffix":"4c8b666a-eec4-4ca8-ba56-04d09ab4617f"},"changed":"2024-05-07T14:23:35+0200"},{"title":"TUC-KRB-PSICHROPIGADI","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/locations\/","suffix":"922c4966-c50f-41fc-a14b-cb28e758edc8"},"changed":"2024-05-07T14:23:35+0200"},{"title":"TUC-KRB-AGIORGIS","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/locations\/","suffix":"673142ec-5a39-4a3b-a150-74eb4fbf20ec"},"changed":"2024-05-07T14:22:37+0200"},{"title":"TUC-KRB-ANAVRETI","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/locations\/","suffix":"ef2515f7-e127-438d-ba0c-ac5c14fd9de5"},"changed":"2024-05-07T14:22:37+0200"},{"title":"TUC-KRB-ARMENI-SPR","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/locations\/","suffix":"943d826d-c4c9-4311-a7a4-85c992afc20f"},"changed":"2024-05-07T14:22:37+0200"},{"title":"TUC-KRB-AVOCADO-ORCH-WELL","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/locations\/","suffix":"568fe1e4-85ee-4065-87e9-74157a119682"},"changed":"2024-05-07T14:22:37+0200"},{"title":"TUC-KRB-KAMPI-WELL","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/locations\/","suffix":"9a58e761-2a69-4774-beb2-5debe9a950df"},"changed":"2024-05-07T14:22:37+0200"},{"title":"TUC-KRB-KATOCHORI-SPRING","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/locations\/","suffix":"a1cfbfd2-ca5d-4518-9e43-0cdb5cf416f9"},"changed":"2024-05-07T14:22:37+0200"},{"title":"TUC-KRB-KRM-GORGE-ENTRANCE","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/locations\/","suffix":"57d828b0-7b91-4895-af70-a451f17850b2"},"changed":"2024-05-07T14:22:37+0200"},{"title":"TUC-KRB-KRM-GORGE-EXIT","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/locations\/","suffix":"1e08f6c0-ff2d-4e35-8382-0296ca687fe2"},"changed":"2024-05-07T14:22:37+0200"},{"title":"TUC-KRB-STILOS-WELL","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/locations\/","suffix":"ac131089-00ac-4829-9ebf-eca51795b448"},"changed":"2024-05-07T14:22:37+0200"},{"title":"TUC-KRB-MACHERI-WELL","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/locations\/","suffix":"52e4e03a-566f-48eb-95fd-fb5f677b9ea8"},"changed":"2024-05-07T14:22:37+0200"},{"title":"TUC-KRB-NIOCHORIO-WELL","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/locations\/","suffix":"a83b4de1-4d20-4044-8bb0-e9016d045f8a"},"changed":"2024-05-07T14:22:37+0200"},{"title":"TUC-KRB-STILOS-SPR","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/locations\/","suffix":"ff5a41ca-9d49-46bc-8137-98ef3004dfd2"},"changed":"2024-05-07T14:22:37+0200"},{"title":"TUC-KRB-ZOURPOS-SPR","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/locations\/","suffix":"d42b6475-1c3d-418c-a4b8-ca9181d7ece8"},"changed":"2024-05-07T14:22:37+0200"},{"title":"TUC-KRB-AVOCADO-ORCH","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/locations\/","suffix":"ddefc162-16a2-4be1-becc-add81aec7913"},"changed":"2024-05-07T14:22:37+0200"},{"title":"TUC-KRB-OLIVE-ORCH","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/locations\/","suffix":"6f5cf27d-6832-4266-bed6-d25e9215433c"},"changed":"2024-05-07T14:22:37+0200"}]},"focusDesignScale":{"experiments":{"design":"partly experimentation","scale":"plot scale"},"observations":{"design":"mainly observation","scale":"entire catchment"},"observedProperties":[{"label":"agricultural parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20936"},{"label":"air humidity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22032"},{"label":"air temperature","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22035"},{"label":"ammonium content","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10071"},{"label":"ammonium nitrate concentration","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10072"},{"label":"ammonium nitrogen content","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10076"},{"label":"atmospheric parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20937"},{"label":"atmospheric pressure","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22060"},{"label":"available phosphorus","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22061"},{"label":"base saturation","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22065"},{"label":"carbon-to-nitrogen ratio","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21350"},{"label":"concentration of nitrogen in the entire plant","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22088"},{"label":"conductivity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22089"},{"label":"daylight length","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22100"},{"label":"dew point","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22104"},{"label":"dissolved nutrient","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22107"},{"label":"dissolved organic carbon in soil","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22045"},{"label":"dissolved organic nitrogen in soil","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22045"},{"label":"dissolved organic phosphorus","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22108"},{"label":"ecosystem parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20939"},{"label":"ground water level","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22126"},{"label":"inorganic carbon content","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22135"},{"label":"inorganic nitrogen content","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22136"},{"label":"inorganic nutrient content","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22137"},{"label":"leaf nutrient","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22125"},{"label":"nitrogen content","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22174"},{"label":"nutrient availability","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21457"},{"label":"percent carbon","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22181"},{"label":"percent nitrogen","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22182"},{"label":"percent organic carbon","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22183"},{"label":"plant nitrogen concentration","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22193"},{"label":"precipitation intensity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22204"},{"label":"runoff amount","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/30032"},{"label":"soil alkalinity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22038"},{"label":"soil moisture field capacity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10396"},{"label":"soil nitrate leaching","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10053"},{"label":"soil nutrient","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22260"},{"label":"soil pH","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22264"},{"label":"soil parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20944"},{"label":"soil solute amount","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22272"},{"label":"soil solution concentration","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22274"},{"label":"soil temperature","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22278"},{"label":"soil texture","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22279"},{"label":"soil water content","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22281"},{"label":"solar radiation","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22284"},{"label":"stage height","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22290"},{"label":"suspended solids","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22293"},{"label":"thickness of soil horizon","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22295"},{"label":"total carbon","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22296"},{"label":"total organic carbon","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22297"},{"label":"water content","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22309"},{"label":"water level","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/30025"},{"label":"water parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20945"},{"label":"water quality","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22312"},{"label":"water temperature","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22313"},{"label":"water transparency","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10392"},{"label":"water velocity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22315"},{"label":"water volume","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22316"},{"label":"wind direction","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22317"},{"label":"wind speed","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22319"}]},"infrastructure":{"accessibleAllYear":true,"accessType":"regular car","allPartsAccessible":true,"maintenanceInterval":60,"permanentPowerSupply":true,"operation":{"permanent":true,"notes":"Sampling is done by laboratory staff and the chemical analyses are carried out by the laboratory of Hydrochemical Engineering \u0026 Remediation of Soil (H.E.R.S. Lab) of the Technical University of Crete.  Field and monitoring equipment maintenance is done on a regular basis by the laboratory staff.","siteVisitInterval":30},"notes":null,"collection":[{"label":"1-5 kW","uri":null},{"label":"Central station(s)","uri":null},{"label":"Data portal","uri":null},{"label":"GMS\/UMTS","uri":null},{"label":"No lodging possible","uri":null},{"label":"No tower on site","uri":null},{"label":"Other data services","uri":null},{"label":"Radio transmission system (repeaters, receivers, centralstation)","uri":null},{"label":"Radio transmission system (repeaters. receivers. centralstation)","uri":null},{"label":"Relational database","uri":null},{"label":"Spatial data file (GIS)","uri":null},{"label":"Spatial database (GIS)","uri":null},{"label":"Structured file","uri":null},{"label":"Vehicle 2WD","uri":null}],"data":{"policy":{"url":null,"rights":["Formal acknowledgement of the dataset providers"],"notes":null}}},"relatedResources":[{"id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/dataset\/","suffix":"433a05ca-45ff-44a3-a480-fb38a771370b"},"title":"LTSER Koiliaris CZO, Greece, Meteorology Daily 2007 to 2017","changed":"2020-01-07T15:02:30+01:00"},{"id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/dataset\/","suffix":"2492bd55-d9ac-4e06-93b5-f76a02b725aa"},"title":" LTSER Koiliaris CZO, Greece, Geochemical Monthly Data, 2004-2021","changed":"2021-07-21T11:35:58+02:00"},{"id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/dataset\/","suffix":"c8d3a899-574a-4358-8c55-4ec05388946d"},"title":" LTSER Koiliaris CZO, Greece, Discharge Data","changed":"2024-07-01T15:32:04+02:00"}],"projectRelated":{"lter":{"lterSiteClassification":"ltser"}}}}