{"title":"Hyyti\u00e4l\u00e4 SMEAR II LTER - Finland","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/","suffix":"663dac80-211d-4c19-a356-04ee0da0f0eb"},"type":"site","created":"2013-02-03T15:22:24+01:00","changed":"2025-07-08T07:07:01+02:00","attributes":{"affiliation":{"networks":[{"network":{"name":"ACTRIS","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"85870307-f40d-4c2f-a4d9-885a4fa046c0"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":false},{"network":{"name":"AnaEE","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"c5a423a9-be7b-4b00-967a-d1e1e6d31d96"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":false},{"network":{"name":"European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP)","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"a020d91b-500b-474e-948b-cf5856121cb2"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":false},{"network":{"name":"GERI","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"c3abdc60-49f1-49db-81fe-863b7dbb21d3"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"ICOS","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"80633d38-4c85-4ee0-a4ce-7bbbd99c888c"}},"siteCode":"http:\/\/meta.icos-cp.eu\/resources\/stations\/ES_FI-Hyy, http:\/\/meta.icos-cp.eu\/resources\/stations\/ES_FI-Kvr","verified":true},{"network":{"name":"ICP Forests","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"4e44c094-f4f7-4882-bfe5-685b666a0dc7"}},"siteCode":"15_10, 15_11","verified":true},{"network":{"name":"ILTER","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"1aa7ccb2-a14b-43d6-90ac-5e0a6bc1d65b"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"INTERACT","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"c0f5b78b-f3b2-4ec2-9ec3-53c79ea5e15a"}},"siteCode":"https:\/\/eu-interact.org\/field-sites\/hyytiala-forestry-reseatch-station-smear-ii\/","verified":true},{"network":{"name":"LTER Europe","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"4742ffca-65ac-4aae-815f-83738500a1fc"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"LTER Finland","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"aaae2a46-f355-41d0-8067-c2f0cd52e814"}},"siteCode":"LTER_EU_FI_007","verified":true},{"network":{"name":"WMO Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW)","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"316f5ee2-ab7e-482b-a85b-9571d5ae932c"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":false}],"projects":[{"label":"AGAME","uri":"https:\/\/www.umweltbundesamt.at\/en\/services\/agame"},{"label":"CarboEurope","uri":"http:\/\/www.carboeurope.org\/"},{"label":"EuroFLUX","uri":"https:\/\/cordis.europa.eu\/article\/id\/10742-euroflux-develops-pioneering-methodology-for-co2-measurements"},{"label":"ExpeER","uri":"https:\/\/www.expeeronline.eu\/"},{"label":"FLUXNet","uri":"https:\/\/fluxnet.org\/"},{"label":"LIFEPLAN","uri":"https:\/\/cordis.europa.eu\/project\/id\/856506"},{"label":"NitroEurope","uri":"http:\/\/www.nitroeurope.ceh.ac.uk\/"},{"label":"e-shape (H2020)","uri":"https:\/\/cordis.europa.eu\/project\/id\/820852"},{"label":"eLTER (H2020)","uri":"https:\/\/cordis.europa.eu\/project\/id\/654359"},{"label":"eLTER PLUS (H2020) - RA","uri":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3030\/871128"},{"label":"eLTER PLUS (H2020) - TA","uri":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3030\/871128"},{"label":"eLTER PLUS (H2020) - VA","uri":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3030\/871128"}]},"contact":{"siteManager":[{"type":"person","name":"Jaana B\u00e4ck","email":"jaana.back@helsinki.fi","orcid":null},{"type":"person","name":"Kira Ryhti","email":"kira.ryhti@helsinki.fi","orcid":null},{"type":"person","name":"Pauliina Schiestl-Aalto","email":"pauliina.schiestl-aalto@helsinki.fi","orcid":null}],"operatingOrganisation":[{"type":"organisation","name":"SMEAR II, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki","url":null,"ror":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01x2x1522"}],"metadataProvider":[{"type":"person","name":"Juho Aalto","email":"juho.aalto@helsinki.fi","orcid":null}],"fundingAgency":[{"type":"organisation","name":"University of Helsinki","url":"https:\/\/www.helsinki.fi\/","ror":"https:\/\/ror.org\/040af2s02"}],"siteUrl":[{"title":"Hyyti\u00e4l\u00e4 Forest Station","value":"https:\/\/www.helsinki.fi\/en\/research-stations\/hyytiala-forestry-field-station"},{"title":"Hyyti\u00e4l\u00e4 SMEAR II site","value":"https:\/\/www.atm.helsinki.fi\/smear\/smear-ii\/"},{"title":"INAR homepage","value":"https:\/\/www.helsinki.fi\/en\/inar"},{"title":"SMEAR data portal","value":"https:\/\/smear.avaa.csc.fi\/"}]},"general":{"abstract":"The Hyyti\u00e4l\u00e4 SMEAR II site (Station for Measuring Ecosystem-Atmosphere Relations) is situated in the Hyyti\u00e4l\u00e4 Forestry Field Station of the University of Helsinki. The site consists is a managed, 60-yr old Scots pine forest stand. The main idea of SMEAR type infrastructures is continuous, comprehensive measurements of fluxes, storages and concentrations in the land ecosystem\u2013atmosphere continuum. The forest measurements are operated continuously since 1996, and include e.g. leaf, stand and ecosystem scale measurements of greenhouse gases, volatile organic compounds, pollutants (e.g. O3, SO2, NOx) and aerosols, in addition to full suite of meteorological measurements. The biogeochemical cycles and vegetation\u2013soil\u2013atmosphere interactions are studied both experimentally and with long-term observations. The site has full carbon, water and nitrogen budgets made over 10 years, and it is a full ICOS ecosystem and atmospheric station. \r\nEcosystem and atmosphere measurements also exist nearby in two open oligotrophic fen sites and a humic lake with forested catchment. \r\nMost of the measured data can be retrieved from: https:\/\/smear.avaa.csc.fi\/\r\n","citation":null,"relatedIdentifiers":null,"status":{"label":"Operational","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/elter_cl\/10772"},"yearEstablished":1910,"yearClosed":null,"relatedSites":null,"siteName":"Hyyti\u00e4l\u00e4 SMEAR II LTER","shortName":"HYY-SMR","siteType":"Stationary land-based site","protectionLevel":[{"label":"not applicable","uri":"http:\/\/dd.eionet.europa.eu\/vocabularyconcept\/cdda\/IucnCategoryValue\/notApplicable"}],"landUse":[{"label":"forestry","uri":"https:\/\/inspire.ec.europa.eu\/codelist\/HILUCSValue\/1_2_Forestry"},{"label":"forestry based on intermediate or long rotation","uri":"https:\/\/inspire.ec.europa.eu\/codelist\/HILUCSValue\/1_2_2_ForestryBasedOnIntermediateOrLongRotation"},{"label":"primary production","uri":"https:\/\/inspire.ec.europa.eu\/codelist\/HILUCSValue\/1_PrimaryProduction"}],"images":[{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/DSCF2884cc.jpg","alt":"Hyyti\u00e4l\u00e4 forest and Tall tower"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/DSCF2892c.jpg","alt":"Hyyti\u00e4l\u00e4 pine forest"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/DSCF2766_Detail_c.jpg","alt":"on top of the tower"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/IMGP3988c.JPG","alt":"branch enclosure for measuring gas excahnge"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/SmeII_JAalto_mast05.JPG","alt":"Hyyti\u00e4l\u00e4 tall tower"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/DSCF2250cc.jpg","alt":"Lake Kuivaj\u00e4rvi, Hyyti\u00e4l\u00e4 "},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/DSCF2846cc.jpg","alt":"Siikaneva peatland"}]},"environmentalCharacteristics":{"airTemperature":{"yearlyAverage":3.5,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"\u00b0C","referencePeriod":null},"precipitation":{"yearlyAverage":711,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"mm","referencePeriod":null},"biogeographicalRegion":"boreal","biome":"evergreen_forest","ecosystemType":[{"label":"Boreal forests\/taiga","uri":null},{"label":"Evergreen Forest","uri":null},{"label":"Forest","uri":null},{"label":"Fresh Water Lakes","uri":null},{"label":"Lakes","uri":null}],"eunisHabitat":[{"label":"Coniferous woodland (G3)","uri":null},{"label":"Inland surface waters (C)","uri":null},{"label":"Mires, bogs and fens (D)","uri":null},{"label":"Mixed deciduous and coniferous woodland (G4)","uri":null},{"label":"Mixed taiga woodland with birch (G4.2)","uri":null},{"label":"Permanent mesotrophic lakes, ponds and pools (C1.2)","uri":null},{"label":"Permanent non-tidal, fast, turbulent watercourses (C2.2)","uri":null},{"label":"Pine taiga woodland (G3.B)","uri":null},{"label":"Poor fens and soft-water spring mires (D2.2)","uri":null},{"label":"Spruce taiga woodland (G3.A)","uri":null},{"label":"Surface running waters (C2)","uri":null},{"label":"Surface standing waters (C1)","uri":null},{"label":"Valley mires, poor fens and transition mires (D2)","uri":null},{"label":"Woodland, forest and other wooded land (G)","uri":null}],"landforms":[{"label":"Plain","uri":null}],"geoBonBiome":["Fresh water lakes","Fresh water rivers","Terrestrial"],"geology":null,"hydrology":"Humid continental.","soils":"Haplic podzol formed in a glacial till, with an average depth of 0,5-0,7 m.","vegetation":"Managed coniferous forest regenerated in early 1960\u0027s, ground vegetation mainly bilberry-lingonberry-mosses. Protected and non-protected fen areas where partial water level management has been done."},"geographic":{"boundaries":"POLYGON ((24.295192 61.850177, 24.297445 61.849151, 24.298131 61.848685, 24.299119 61.846661, 24.295342 61.845749, 24.294398 61.846175, 24.292295 61.845992, 24.29178 61.846114, 24.2909 61.846755, 24.291372 61.847808, 24.292316 61.848435, 24.295192 61.850177))","coordinates":"POINT (24.295 61.8474)","country":["Finland"],"elevation":{"avg":180,"min":140,"max":200,"unit":"msl"},"size":{"value":20,"unit":"ha"},"relatedLocations":[{"title":"SMEAR II ","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/locations\/","suffix":"499ec663-5d9b-42c4-a248-593199e78ea3"},"changed":"2024-05-07T14:22:47+0200"},{"title":"ICP Forests Level II Finland  Juupajoki plot nr. 11","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/locations\/","suffix":"d1320020-1f1b-4cd0-affc-80d45dce0492"},"changed":"2024-05-07T14:21:29+0200"},{"title":"ICP Forests Level II Finland Juupajoki plot nr. 10 ","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/locations\/","suffix":"a17728bc-3c49-4a40-8745-dabb62b31e9a"},"changed":"2024-05-07T14:21:29+0200"},{"title":"Lake Kuivaj\u00e4rvi","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/locations\/","suffix":"0887bd01-d666-4d10-a85f-1b556548747c"},"changed":"2024-09-09T15:28:28+0200"},{"title":"ICOS Station Hyyti\u00e4l\u00e4","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/locations\/","suffix":"e94851a9-3b79-49f9-89a0-e8e6e73644b8"},"changed":"2024-05-07T14:23:35+0200"},{"title":"ICOS Station Siikaneva","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/locations\/","suffix":"573e3827-dc6c-4a19-8de5-dca2b3f58790"},"changed":"2024-05-07T14:23:35+0200"}]},"focusDesignScale":{"experiments":{"design":"partly experimentation","scale":"plot scale"},"observations":{"design":"mainly observation","scale":"sub-catchment within catchment"},"observedProperties":[{"label":"Greenness Index","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21164"},{"label":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21165"},{"label":"abiotic heterogeneity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21476"},{"label":"above ground biomass","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22025"},{"label":"above ground net primary production","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10043"},{"label":"age class","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21353"},{"label":"age distribution","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21354"},{"label":"air humidity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22032"},{"label":"air methane concentration","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21935"},{"label":"air nitrogen oxides concentration","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21936"},{"label":"air specific humidity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22034"},{"label":"air temperature","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22035"},{"label":"air vapor pressure 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health","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21474"},{"label":"ecosystem parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20939"},{"label":"ecosystem structure","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21475"},{"label":"environmental parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20941"},{"label":"forest cover","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22123"},{"label":"forest structure","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21477"},{"label":"fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22330"},{"label":"frost point","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10321"},{"label":"functional diversity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21393"},{"label":"global radiation irradiance","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22125"},{"label":"greenness","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22325"},{"label":"ground surface temperature","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21526"},{"label":"ground temperature","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21527"},{"label":"ground water level","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22126"},{"label":"heat flow","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22129"},{"label":"heat flux","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22130"},{"label":"heterotrophic respiration","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22131"},{"label":"incoming radiation intensity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22134"},{"label":"insoluble organic carbon content","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22138"},{"label":"interception","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22139"},{"label":"irradiance","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22140"},{"label":"lake temperature","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10011"},{"label":"land 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