{"title":"Brasschaat - De Inslag - Belgium","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/","suffix":"68e6a8e5-d6d2-4c8c-91c4-10e7f87ac556"},"type":"site","created":"2012-12-25T18:53:56+01:00","changed":"2024-10-11T09:06:05+02:00","attributes":{"affiliation":{"networks":[{"network":{"name":"GERI","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"c3abdc60-49f1-49db-81fe-863b7dbb21d3"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"ICOS","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"80633d38-4c85-4ee0-a4ce-7bbbd99c888c"}},"siteCode":"http:\/\/meta.icos-cp.eu\/resources\/stations\/ES_BE-Bra","verified":true},{"network":{"name":"ICP Forests","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"4e44c094-f4f7-4882-bfe5-685b666a0dc7"}},"siteCode":"2_15","verified":true},{"network":{"name":"ILTER","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"1aa7ccb2-a14b-43d6-90ac-5e0a6bc1d65b"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"LTER Belgium","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"735946e0-4e9e-484a-acee-85e31f4e2a2e"}},"siteCode":"LTER_EU_BE_001","verified":true},{"network":{"name":"LTER Europe","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"4742ffca-65ac-4aae-815f-83738500a1fc"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true}],"projects":[{"label":"AGAME","uri":"https:\/\/www.umweltbundesamt.at\/en\/services\/agame"},{"label":"CarboEurope","uri":"http:\/\/www.carboeurope.org\/"},{"label":"FutMon","uri":"http:\/\/www.futmon.org\/"},{"label":"ICP Forests (Level II)","uri":null},{"label":"NEC Directive (2016\/2284)","uri":"http:\/\/data.europa.eu\/eli\/dir\/2016\/2284\/oj"},{"label":"NitroEurope","uri":"http:\/\/www.nitroeurope.ceh.ac.uk\/"},{"label":"Teabag","uri":null},{"label":"eLTER (H2020)","uri":"https:\/\/cordis.europa.eu\/project\/id\/654359"},{"label":"eLTER PLUS (H2020) - RA","uri":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3030\/871128"},{"label":"eLTER PLUS (H2020) - TA","uri":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3030\/871128"}]},"contact":{"siteManager":[{"type":"person","name":"Johan Neirynck","email":"Johan.Neirynck@inbo.be","orcid":null}],"operatingOrganisation":[{"type":"organisation","name":"Agency For Nature and Forest (ANB)","url":"https:\/\/www.natuurenbos.be\/","ror":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04wcznf70"}],"metadataProvider":[{"type":"person","name":"Johan Neirynck","email":"Johan.Neirynck@inbo.be","orcid":null}],"fundingAgency":null,"siteUrl":[{"title":"Brasschaat - De Inslag (LTER_EU_BE_001)","value":"http:\/\/www.lter-belgium.be\/22"}]},"general":{"abstract":"The LTER-site of Brasschaat  is a 2 ha scientific zone in a first generation plantation (1929) of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)  on former heathland  located in a mixed coniferous\/deciduous forest in the Campine plain of Flanders. The landscape is flat, with a gentle (0.3%) slope at a mean elevation of 16 m. To the South and East, the forest extends over 2 km before turning into rural, partially forested terrain. The site is equipped with a measuring tower and an intensive forest monitoring plot (ICP Forests level II). The site is also part of an ICOS monitoring site which is operated by the University of Antwerp in collaboration with the Research Institute for Nature and Forest.\r\nThe air pollution characteristics at this site are typical for a suburban forest exposed to vehicle emission (NOx), which is strongly affecting the NO-NO2-O3 chemistry. The site is, additionally, located in the waste plume derived from stack emissions (SO2, NOx, black carbon) generated by the petrochemical refinery in Antwerp port. Although no important agricultural emission sources are present in close proximity to the site, ammonia levels are elevated when winds blow from the eastern wind sector (due to remote agricultural activities \u003E 5 km).\r\nThe monitoring of air pollutants will be continued with special focus on chemical and biological recovery of the forest ecosystem from historical elevated sulphur and nitrogen depositions. Also the research on the combined effects of ozone, nitrogen and climate change on forest ecosystem functioning (gross primary production) will be emphasized.","citation":null,"relatedIdentifiers":null,"status":{"label":"Operational","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/elter_cl\/10772"},"yearEstablished":1992,"yearClosed":null,"relatedSites":null,"siteName":"Brasschaat - De Inslag","shortName":"Brasschaat","siteType":"Stationary land-based site","protectionLevel":[{"label":"Category VI \u2013 Protected Area with sustainable use of natural resources","uri":"http:\/\/dd.eionet.europa.eu\/vocabularyconcept\/cdda\/IucnCategoryValue\/VI"}],"landUse":[{"label":"forestry","uri":"https:\/\/inspire.ec.europa.eu\/codelist\/HILUCSValue\/1_2_Forestry"},{"label":"primary production","uri":"https:\/\/inspire.ec.europa.eu\/codelist\/HILUCSValue\/1_PrimaryProduction"}],"images":[{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/Toren05.JPG","alt":"ICOS-tower for eddy covariance measurements"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/Teabag%2520installation_3507.jpg","alt":"Setup for the TeaComposition experiment"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/LII15%2520soil%2520profile.jpg","alt":"Soil profile"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/DSC_0017.JPG","alt":"View of the Level II plot with litterfall samplers and throughfall collectors"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/IMG_7783.JPG","alt":"View over the canopy taken from the highest platform on the tower, showing a sonic anemometer"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/DSC_0013.JPG","alt":"Downward view from the tower"}]},"environmentalCharacteristics":{"airTemperature":{"yearlyAverage":10.75,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"\u00b0C","referencePeriod":null},"precipitation":{"yearlyAverage":827,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"mm","referencePeriod":null},"biogeographicalRegion":"atlantic","biome":"evergreen_forest","ecosystemType":[{"label":"Forest","uri":null},{"label":"Mixed Forest","uri":null},{"label":"Temperate coniferous forests","uri":null}],"eunisHabitat":[{"label":"Woodland, forest and other wooded land (G)","uri":null}],"landforms":null,"geoBonBiome":["Terrestrial"],"geology":"The soil consists of a deep (1.20?2.25 m) Aeolian cover sand layer (Dryas III), resting on a substratum of Clay of the Campine (\u003E 40% of clay) (Tiglian) at variable depth, between 1.2 m and 2.5 m and more. ","hydrology":"The soil is somewhat poorly drained, rarely saturated, but moist and with rapid hydraulic conductivity for all horizons. A perched water table is present at variable depth ranging between 0.8 and 2.5 m.","soils":"The soil is characterized as a moderately wet and sandy arenosol with distinct horizons of humus and iron. pH(CaCl2) values ranges from 2.7 in the forest floor and increases from 3.1 at 5 cm of depth till 3.6 at 40-80 cm. Base saturation is lower than 10 % throughout the soil column. The C:N ratio of the FH layer was 30 whereas values in the mineral soil fell below 20. The forest floor is characterised as a mor-moder type.","vegetation":"The forest stand in which the core plot is located is a Scots pine stand (Pinus sylvestris L.), which was planted in 1929 on former heathland. The herb layer is dominated by Molinia caerulea (L.) Moench and several ferns. The stand structure is further characterized by a diverse moss layer and ingrowth of several tree and shrub species (Betula pendula L., Frangula alnus Mill., Sorbus aucuparia L., ?)."},"geographic":{"boundaries":"POLYGON ((4.5193154199095 51.307087761308, 4.5209864157444 51.307502599399, 4.5201392645067 51.309313942775, 4.5186687510854 51.308491253533, 4.5193154199095 51.307087761308))","coordinates":"POINT (4.51972 51.3078)","country":["Belgium"],"elevation":{"avg":16,"min":15,"max":16,"unit":"msl"},"size":{"value":2,"unit":"ha"},"relatedLocations":[{"title":"Brasschaat ICOS Station","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/locations\/","suffix":"819fe221-7e29-4175-ba45-acac1bad7907"},"changed":"2024-09-12T14:24:29+0200"}]},"focusDesignScale":{"experiments":{"design":"no experimentation","scale":"plot scale"},"observations":{"design":"mainly observation","scale":"plot within catchment"},"observedProperties":[{"label":"above ground biomass","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22025"},{"label":"above ground net primary production","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10043"},{"label":"acid neutralising capacity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10310"},{"label":"acid neutralizing capacity of water","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22029"},{"label":"air humidity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22032"},{"label":"air nitrogen oxides concentration","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21936"},{"label":"air temperature","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22035"},{"label":"ammonium nitrate concentration","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10072"},{"label":"ammonium nitrogen content","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10076"},{"label":"annual net primary production","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21420"},{"label":"atmosphere stability","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21542"},{"label":"atmospheric parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20937"},{"label":"atmospheric pressure","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22060"},{"label":"available phosphorus","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22061"},{"label":"base cations content in water","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21208"},{"label":"base saturation","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22065"},{"label":"biological parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20940"},{"label":"canopy height","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22079"},{"label":"canopy temperature","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22080"},{"label":"carbon dioxide concentration","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22082"},{"label":"carbon-to-nitrogen ratio","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21350"},{"label":"cation exchange capacity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22084"},{"label":"chemical parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10333"},{"label":"concentration of nitrogen in seeds","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22087"},{"label":"date of start of physiological maturity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22098"},{"label":"deadwood decaying rate","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22101"},{"label":"direct radiation intensity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22044"},{"label":"dissolved nutrient","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22107"},{"label":"dissolved organic carbon in water","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10307"},{"label":"dissolved organic nitrogen","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10125"},{"label":"ecosystem health","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21474"},{"label":"ecosystem parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20939"},{"label":"flowering date","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22096"},{"label":"global radiation irradiance","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22125"},{"label":"ground water level","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22126"},{"label":"groundwater level","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22126"},{"label":"heat flux","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22130"},{"label":"hydraulic conductivity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22133"},{"label":"incoming radiation intensity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22134"},{"label":"inorganic nutrient content","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22137"},{"label":"interception","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22139"},{"label":"latent heat","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22154"},{"label":"leaf area index","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22157"},{"label":"leaf nitrogen concentration","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22160"},{"label":"leaf nutrient","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22125"},{"label":"long wave radiation","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22164"},{"label":"maximum temperature","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21529"},{"label":"mean annual air temperature","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21530"},{"label":"mean annual precipitation","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22166"},{"label":"minimum temperature","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21532"},{"label":"net radiation irradiance","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22172"},{"label":"net solar radiation irradiance","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22173"},{"label":"nitrogen availability","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20968"},{"label":"nitrogen budget","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20970"},{"label":"nitrogen content","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22174"},{"label":"ozone concentration","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22178"},{"label":"pH value of water","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21218"},{"label":"percent carbon","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22181"},{"label":"percent nitrogen","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22182"},{"label":"perched water table","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/30029"},{"label":"perched water table depth","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22184"},{"label":"pore size","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22200"},{"label":"pore size distribution","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22201"},{"label":"precipitation intensity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22204"},{"label":"rainfall variability","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21948"},{"label":"relative humidity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21579"},{"label":"seed mass","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22229"},{"label":"seed production","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22230"},{"label":"seed yield","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22233"},{"label":"sky temperature","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22239"},{"label":"soil acidity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22243"},{"label":"soil base saturation","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22244"},{"label":"soil bulk density","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22245"},{"label":"soil carbon dioxide flux","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21560"},{"label":"soil carbon storage","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22246"},{"label":"soil classification","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21909"},{"label":"soil depth","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22247"},{"label":"soil dry bulk density","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22248"},{"label":"soil heat flux","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22253"},{"label":"soil moisture content","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10039"},{"label":"soil moisture field capacity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10396"},{"label":"soil nitrate leaching","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10053"},{"label":"soil nutrient","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22260"},{"label":"soil organic carbon","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22261"},{"label":"soil pH","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22264"},{"label":"soil parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20944"},{"label":"soil porosity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22267"},{"label":"soil solution concentration","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22274"},{"label":"soil solution eH","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22275"},{"label":"soil solution pH","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22276"},{"label":"soil temperature","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22278"},{"label":"soil texture","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22279"},{"label":"soil volumetric water content","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22280"},{"label":"soil water content","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22281"},{"label":"soil water holding capacity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/30037"},{"label":"soil water retention","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/30034"},{"label":"soil water retention curve","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/30035"},{"label":"soil wilting point","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/30036"},{"label":"solar radiation","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22284"},{"label":"species turnover","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22288"},{"label":"sunshine duration","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22111"},{"label":"thickness of soil horizon","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22295"},{"label":"total carbon","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22296"},{"label":"tree age","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22300"},{"label":"tree basal area","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22301"},{"label":"tree condition","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22302"},{"label":"tree diameter at breast height","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22304"},{"label":"tree height","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22305"},{"label":"tree mortality","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21052"},{"label":"vapor pressure deficit","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22306"},{"label":"water parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20945"},{"label":"water table","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/30028"},{"label":"water temperature","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22313"},{"label":"wind direction","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22317"},{"label":"wind direction (mean and gust)","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22318"},{"label":"wind speed","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22319"},{"label":"wind speed (mean and gust)","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22320"}]},"infrastructure":{"accessibleAllYear":true,"accessType":"dirt road  (4WD)","allPartsAccessible":true,"maintenanceInterval":7,"permanentPowerSupply":true,"operation":{"permanent":true,"notes":null,"siteVisitInterval":7},"notes":"temperature controlled containers for instrumentation housing, lockers for technical staff and laboratory purposes","collection":[{"label":"1 place","uri":null},{"label":"Cable based","uri":null},{"label":"Camera traps","uri":null},{"label":"Central station(s)","uri":null},{"label":"More than 10 m above canopy","uri":null},{"label":"Other data services","uri":null},{"label":"Paper","uri":null},{"label":"Structured file","uri":null},{"label":"Temperature Controlled Container","uri":null}],"data":{"policy":{"url":null,"rights":["Co-authorship on publications resulting from use of the dataset"],"notes":null}}},"relatedResources":[{"id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/dataset\/","suffix":"71d4e3b3-5c10-4a80-893e-1407abbba62d"},"title":"Meteorological_data_Brasschaat_19962016","changed":"2023-01-20T10:47:48+01:00"},{"id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/dataset\/","suffix":"d2880df0-d272-433b-8fce-ead75e15bd29"},"title":"LTER Brasschaat, Belgium, vegetation data 1996-2017","changed":"2019-12-20T13:21:59+01:00"},{"id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/activity\/","suffix":"dbd2b11e-8c06-49bb-b072-ae45c8ac5556"},"title":"deposition data","changed":"2020-09-07T11:41:01+02:00"},{"id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/dataset\/","suffix":"62fe2c69-e6ea-4377-99b6-57ebd81c9d20"},"title":"deposition data Brasschaat 1992- 2016","changed":"2023-01-20T11:08:21+01:00"}],"projectRelated":{"lter":{"lterSiteClassification":"Master Site"}}}}