{"title":"Collserola \/ Barcelona (ES-SNE) - Spain","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/","suffix":"6c5bac7c-21d1-473e-8cd0-60280325931e"},"type":"site","created":"2012-12-25T19:01:26+01:00","changed":"2023-06-12T11:56:28+02:00","attributes":{"affiliation":{"networks":null,"projects":[{"label":"Natura 2000","uri":"https:\/\/natura2000.eea.europa.eu\/"},{"label":"eLTER (H2020)","uri":"https:\/\/cordis.europa.eu\/project\/id\/654359"}]},"contact":{"siteManager":[{"type":"person","name":"Josep Maria Espelta","email":"Josep.Espelta@uab.es","orcid":null}],"operatingOrganisation":null,"metadataProvider":[{"type":"person","name":"Josep Maria Espelta","email":"Josep.Espelta@uab.es","orcid":null}],"fundingAgency":null,"siteUrl":[{"title":null,"value":"http:\/\/www.parcnaturalcollserola.cat\/en"}]},"general":{"abstract":"Serra de Collserola massif rises up over Barcelona Metropolitan Area, almost touching the city, an immensely valuable natural area and great privilege for the huge population that lives around these mountains to enjoy. Collserola is a well-preserved, 8,000-hectare natural area in which forest predominates but which also includes a variety of other plant formations that provide a habitat for valuable biological diversity. Since 1987, Collserola has been managed under a special protection plan, and the environmental objectives and concerns behind this plan were recently reinforced when the area was given the status of a Natural Park\r\n","citation":null,"relatedIdentifiers":null,"status":{"label":"Closed","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/elter_cl\/10770"},"yearEstablished":1987,"yearClosed":2016,"relatedSites":null,"siteName":"Collserola \/ Barcelona (ES-SNE)","shortName":"Parc Natural de Collserola","siteType":"Stationary land-based site","protectionLevel":null,"landUse":null,"images":[{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/PNCollserola.png","alt":"not defined"}]},"environmentalCharacteristics":{"airTemperature":{"yearlyAverage":15.3,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"\u00b0C","referencePeriod":null},"precipitation":{"yearlyAverage":613.1,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"mm","referencePeriod":null},"biogeographicalRegion":"mediterranean","biome":"evergreen_forest","ecosystemType":null,"eunisHabitat":null,"landforms":null,"geoBonBiome":null,"geology":"The Serra de Collserola rises between two sedimentary basins: the Vall\u00e8s trough and, to the southwest, the coastal plain. The moderate height and gentle forms of these mountains indicate the great age of the Serra, which is a geological unit formed almost exclusively by igneous and metamorphic rocks from the Primary Era (Palaeozoic) affected by movements of the Earth?s crust known as Variscan (or Hercynian) Orogeny. During the first phase of the Variscan Orogeny, the lutitic rock (rock formed from sedimentary mud) was transformed into slate and phyllite, which are those most abundant types of rock in the Serra. Most of the quartz veins here were also generated during this phase. Later, magma intrusion took place, producing granitic rock; the sudden, sharp rise in temperature and pressure caused these granitoids to be altered and transformed them into enclosing rocks in a phenomenon known as contact metamorphism. The intrusion of granitic rock was accompanied by the appearance of porphyry dikes along the fractures. The coastal mountains rose during the Alpine Orogeny, which took place in the Secondary Era. Later, the Serra de Collserola took shape as a heightened block delimited by normal faults. The sea invaded the Barcelona plain and entered the Llobregat Valley. During this period, marine sedimentation gave rise to the formation of reef limestone, such as that found in El Papiol. More recently, during the Quaternary Period, the Serra was subject to erosion, whilst the sedimentation of detritus was a constant occurrence in the more depressed areas, such as the valleys and streams.","hydrology":"Collserola lies fully within the area of Mediterranean influence, characterised by mild winters, hot, dry summers, moderate annual thermal oscillation and seasonal rainfall which is, overall, low and highly irregular. According to data from the Fabra Observatory (432 m), mean annual temperature is around 15\u00b0C. In winter (usually not a particularly cold season here), average temperature rarely falls below 5\u00b0C, whilst in summer it is around 21\u00b0C. As for rainfall, the annual average is relatively high, over 620 mm, with two wet seasons: autumn (October, 83.1 mm) and spring (May, 60.4 mm) and an intensely dry summer period (July, 10.6 mm). Microclimates (significant local climate variations) clearly exist in Collserola, influenced by the topography of the terrain, the sea?s thermoregulatory effect, variations in altitude, the amount of insolation received by different mountainsides, plant cover, etc. As a result of all this, temperature differences of up to 10\u00b0C or more can exist from one place to another in winter.","soils":null,"vegetation":null},"geographic":{"boundaries":"POLYGON ((2.003 41.2158, 2.1035 41.2158, 2.1035 41.2301, 2.003 41.2301, 2.003 41.2158))","coordinates":"POINT (2.0235 41.3865)","country":["Spain"],"elevation":{"avg":273,"min":34,"max":512,"unit":"msl"},"size":{"value":8465,"unit":"ha"},"relatedLocations":[{"title":"Fabra Observatory","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/locations\/","suffix":"73652e87-5dca-4734-85eb-6fa7bd18e791"},"changed":"2024-05-07T14:21:19+0200"}]},"focusDesignScale":{"experiments":{"design":"partly experimentation","scale":"plot scale"},"observations":{"design":"mainly observation","scale":"plot without link to explicit catchment"},"observedProperties":null},"infrastructure":{"accessibleAllYear":true,"accessType":"dirt road  (4WD)","allPartsAccessible":true,"maintenanceInterval":30,"permanentPowerSupply":true,"operation":{"permanent":false,"notes":"Data gathering frequency depends on the parameter, from minutes (tree dendrometers) to seasonal (phenology) ","siteVisitInterval":30},"notes":"Lodging is free for researchers upon on request.","collection":null,"data":{"policy":{"url":null,"rights":null,"notes":null}}},"relatedResources":[{"id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/dataset\/","suffix":"af5b8c90-ad00-11e2-b534-005056ab003f"},"title":"Long term seed production","changed":"2019-12-20T13:21:59+01:00"},{"id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/dataset\/","suffix":"7c18f8c6-b097-49dc-942e-d18fda6069b8"},"title":"Daily meteorology (air maximum and minimum temperatures and precipitation) from 1914 to 2011 for Collserola LTER site","changed":"2019-12-20T13:21:59+01:00"}],"projectRelated":{"lter":{"lterSiteClassification":"Regular Site"}}}}