{"title":"Machuqueira do Grou - Portugal","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/","suffix":"8430e9a9-211a-493a-8049-73c3339f0c61"},"type":"site","created":"2013-05-07T15:00:41+02:00","changed":"2023-07-25T08:59:49+02:00","attributes":{"affiliation":{"networks":[{"network":{"name":"ILTER","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"1aa7ccb2-a14b-43d6-90ac-5e0a6bc1d65b"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"LTER Europe","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"4742ffca-65ac-4aae-815f-83738500a1fc"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"LTER Portugal","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"d8eb4823-b707-4590-94d8-d90c1d07d6f8"}},"siteCode":"LTER_EU_PT_005","verified":true}],"projects":null},"contact":{"siteManager":[{"type":"person","name":"Margarida Santos-Reis","email":"mmreis@fc.ul.pt","orcid":null}],"operatingOrganisation":[{"type":"organisation","name":"Machoqueira do Grou, C.R.L.","url":null,"ror":null},{"type":"organisation","name":"cE3c- Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade de Lisboa","url":"http:\/\/ce3c.ciencias.ulisboa.pt","ror":null}],"metadataProvider":[{"type":"person","name":"Margarida Santos-Reis","email":"mmreis@fc.ul.pt","orcid":null}],"fundingAgency":[{"type":"organisation","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)","url":"http:\/\/www.fct.pt","ror":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00snfqn58"}],"siteUrl":[{"title":"LTsER Montado Platform","value":"http:\/\/www.ltsermontado.pt\/?q=LTER_EU_PT_005"}]},"general":{"abstract":"Machuqueira do Grou is one of the six research and monitoring stations of LTER-Montado, an umbrella site located in the Alentejo province in south Portugal (southwestern Iberia). The \u0022Montado\u0022 represents an unique agro-silvo-pastoral ecosystem (named \u0022dehesa\u0022 in Spain) found only in the Mediterranean basin. These savannah-like landscapes are dominated by evergreen cork and\/or holm oaks and were shaped over millennia of traditional land use practices. These multi-use forests are two-layered systems that combine, in a single space, forest harvesting, extensive livestock husbandry, pastures and\/or cereal cultivation (the most evident economical revenues), with other traditional uses (hunting, beekeeping and mushroom picking). Recently, increasing awareness arose on their benefits as biodiversity reservoirs, recreation grounds, and other ecosystem services providers, but these non-productive functions are not equally perceived and valued by users, as they tend to be conflicting with productive ones.\r\nMachuqueira do Grou  is a state-run property, located Bank tributary of the Tagus River, in the Ribatejo province, 100 km northeast Lisbon and 25 km from Coruche (39.116\u00b0 N \u2013 8.352\u00b0W). Cork oak (Quercus suber) is the dominant tree type, with an average of 90 adult trees per hectare.  Managed as an agro-silvo-pastoral system but most of the woodland has been managed so as to maintain or increase tree crown cover over the last 10 years. Some tree decline is observed, especially on podzols. The natural regeneration of the tree stand is not uniform, and they are lacking in some places because of grazing and shrub clearing for fire prevention. No fires have been reported in the last 100 years. Conflicting interests arise from the livestock grazing component that affects the natural regeneration of cork oak trees. Interventions and adjustments to promote natural regeneration and active afforestation (e.g. fencing combined with shrub clearing) have been included in the stakeholder\u00b4s management plan over the last 5 years.\r\n","citation":null,"relatedIdentifiers":null,"status":{"label":"Non-reporting","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/elter_cl\/10771"},"yearEstablished":2011,"yearClosed":null,"relatedSites":[{"typeOfRelationship":{"label":"belongs to","uri":"null"},"listOfSites":[{"type":"site","title":"LTsER-Montado - Portugal","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/","suffix":"ecfcc7e2-82e5-4ec1-adee-a3f9f815fc0d"},"changed":"2025-01-07T11:14:56+0100"}]}],"siteName":"Machuqueira do Grou","shortName":"Montado 03_MG","siteType":"Stationary land-based site","protectionLevel":null,"landUse":null,"images":[{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/machuqueira-do-grou-portugal_4590.jpg","alt":"photo credits: Alzira Ramos"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/machuqueira-do-grou-portugal_4591.jpg","alt":"photo credits: Alzira Ramos"}]},"environmentalCharacteristics":{"airTemperature":{"yearlyAverage":15,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"\u00b0C","referencePeriod":null},"precipitation":{"yearlyAverage":600,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"mm","referencePeriod":null},"biogeographicalRegion":"mediterranean","biome":"deciduous_forest","ecosystemType":[{"label":"Agricultural","uri":null},{"label":"Forest","uri":null},{"label":"Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub","uri":null}],"eunisHabitat":[{"label":"Broadleaved evergreen woodland (G2)","uri":null},{"label":"Mediterranean evergreen oak woodland (G2.1)","uri":null},{"label":"Woodland, forest and other wooded land (G)","uri":null}],"landforms":null,"geoBonBiome":["Terrestrial"],"geology":"The entire watershed is on deep Miocene sands. Slopes between 0% and 5%, exceptionally up to 35%.","hydrology":null,"soils":"The main soil types include fluvisols, leptosols, and podzols.","vegetation":"Cor oak (Quercus suber) woodlands"},"geographic":{"boundaries":"POLYGON ((-8.39722 39.1431, -8.3123 39.1431, -8.3123 39.0915, -8.39722 39.0915, -8.39722 39.1431))","coordinates":"POINT (-8.33305 39.1386)","country":["Portugal"],"elevation":{"avg":150,"min":79,"max":173,"unit":"msl"},"size":{"value":2500,"unit":"ha"},"relatedLocations":null},"focusDesignScale":{"experiments":{"design":"partly experimentation","scale":"plot scale"},"observations":{"design":"mainly observation","scale":"plot without link to explicit catchment"},"observedProperties":[{"label":"agricultural parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20936"},{"label":"air humidity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22032"},{"label":"air temperature","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22035"},{"label":"atmospheric parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20937"},{"label":"birds presence","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10082"},{"label":"canopy cover rate","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22076"},{"label":"diversity index","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21513"},{"label":"ecosystem parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20939"},{"label":"ecosystem structure","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21475"},{"label":"faunistic diversity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22119"},{"label":"forest structure","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21477"},{"label":"normalized vegetation index","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22175"},{"label":"precipitation intensity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22204"},{"label":"solar radiation","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22284"},{"label":"species presence","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10081"},{"label":"wind speed","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22319"}]},"infrastructure":{"accessibleAllYear":true,"accessType":"regular car","allPartsAccessible":true,"maintenanceInterval":null,"permanentPowerSupply":true,"operation":{"permanent":true,"notes":null,"siteVisitInterval":365},"notes":"This research and monitoring station of LTsER Montado Platform is located in a state-owned property that gives support to long-term research and monitoring actions, but physical infrastructures are managed by the owner company (Herdade da Machoqueira do Grou S.R.L.). The value is a rough estimate of infrastructure used.","collection":[{"label":"Central station(s)","uri":null},{"label":"In canopy","uri":null},{"label":"No data transmission from site","uri":null},{"label":"No within site data transmission","uri":null},{"label":"Other data services","uri":null},{"label":"Paper","uri":null},{"label":"Spatial data file (GIS)","uri":null},{"label":"Structured file","uri":null},{"label":"Unknown number of beds","uri":null},{"label":"Unknown number of places","uri":null}],"data":{"policy":{"url":null,"rights":["The data provider must be offered co-authorship for publications using this dataset at least within the metadata description","Formal acknowledgement of the dataset providers","The opportunity to collaborate on the project using the dataset","Legal permission for dataset use is obtained"],"notes":null}}},"relatedResources":null,"projectRelated":{"lter":{"lterSiteClassification":"Regular Site"}}}}