{"title":"Yr Wyddfa\/Snowdon - United Kingdom","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/","suffix":"8b5da977-eed8-459f-b663-f3835aa0b356"},"type":"site","created":"2012-12-25T19:03:26+01:00","changed":"2025-10-01T17:22:41+02:00","attributes":{"affiliation":{"networks":[{"network":{"name":"ILTER","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"1aa7ccb2-a14b-43d6-90ac-5e0a6bc1d65b"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"LTER Europe","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"4742ffca-65ac-4aae-815f-83738500a1fc"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"UK ECN","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"a197664f-569e-4df6-933a-86de676dbfc5"}},"siteCode":"LTER_EU_UK_057","verified":true}],"projects":[{"label":"eLTER (H2020)","uri":"https:\/\/cordis.europa.eu\/project\/id\/654359"}]},"contact":{"siteManager":[{"type":"person","name":"Philip Oliver","email":"Philip.Oliver@cyfoethnaturiolcymru.gov.uk","orcid":null}],"operatingOrganisation":[{"type":"organisation","name":"Natural Resources Wales","url":"https:\/\/naturalresources.wales\/?lang=en","ror":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04x65hs26"}],"metadataProvider":[{"type":"person","name":"Alex Turner","email":"alex.turner@cyfoethnaturiolcymru.gov.uk","orcid":null},{"type":"person","name":"Andrew Sier [Primary ECN contact]","email":"arjs@ceh.ac.uk","orcid":null}],"fundingAgency":null,"siteUrl":[{"title":"ECN website","value":"https:\/\/ecn.ac.uk"}]},"general":{"abstract":"Yr Wyddfa\/Snowdon is an upland ECN site incorporating the summit of Yr Wyddfa or Snowdon, the highest mountain in England and Wales, 19km south-east of Bangor in North Wales. It is co-located with the Nant Teyrn freshwater site. The altitude ranges from 298-1085m and includes three additional summits over 800m. The bedrock is a mixture of Ordovician acidic and basic volcanic rocks, with localised igneous intrusions. Evidence of glaciation is widespread, with prominent corrie moraines. There are 5 lakes within the site, three of which form a \u0027staircase\u0027. The soils are varied and include brown podzolic soil, gleys, organic peat soils and humic rankers. The dominant vegetation is acidic grassland with Festuca ovina (sheep\u0027s fescue) and Agrostis sp (bent grass) in the drier areas and Nardus stricta (mat grass) in the wetter areas. The site is part of the Yr Wyddfa\/Snowdon National Nature Reserve, managed by the Natural Resources Wales under agreement with the owner. The land is unenclosed and grazed by sheep and a small herd of feral goats.","citation":null,"relatedIdentifiers":null,"status":{"label":"Operational","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/elter_cl\/10772"},"yearEstablished":1995,"yearClosed":null,"relatedSites":[{"typeOfRelationship":{"label":"contains","uri":"null"},"listOfSites":[{"type":"site","title":"Nant Teyrn - United Kingdom","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/","suffix":"11dbfa58-3951-4e9a-b2e0-1d5d4fbfe8b3"},"changed":"2023-07-28T10:14:52+0200"}]}],"siteName":"Yr Wyddfa\/Snowdon","shortName":"T11","siteType":"Stationary land-based site","protectionLevel":[{"label":"Category IV \u2013 Habitat\/Species Management Area","uri":"http:\/\/dd.eionet.europa.eu\/vocabularyconcept\/cdda\/IucnCategoryValue\/IV"},{"label":"Category V \u2013 Protected Landscape\/Seascape\/Area","uri":"http:\/\/dd.eionet.europa.eu\/vocabularyconcept\/cdda\/IucnCategoryValue\/V"}],"landUse":null,"images":[{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/12032802_500px.jpg","alt":"View over Llyn Llydaw, ECN Snowdon, North Wales [Photo: Natural Resources Wales]"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2022-07\/SNO-130403awssnowVB.JPG","alt":"Automatic weather station in the snow, ECN Snowdon [Photo: Natural Resources Wales]"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2022-07\/SNO-DSC_0140.JPG","alt":"Feral goat, ECN Snowdon [Photo: Jonathan Yeardley]"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2022-07\/DSC_0047.JPG","alt":"Purple saxifrage, ECN Snowdon [Photo: Jonathan Yeardley]"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2022-07\/SNO-DSC_0003.JPG","alt":"Reflection in a still lake, ECN Snowdon [Photo: Jonathan Yeardley]"}]},"environmentalCharacteristics":{"airTemperature":{"yearlyAverage":7.84,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"\u00b0C","referencePeriod":null},"precipitation":{"yearlyAverage":2471.8,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"mm","referencePeriod":null},"biogeographicalRegion":"atlantic","biome":"alpine","ecosystemType":[{"label":"Alpine","uri":null}],"eunisHabitat":[{"label":"Grasslands and lands dominated by forbs, mosses or lichens (E)","uri":null},{"label":"Inland unvegetated or sparsely vegetated habitats (H)","uri":null}],"landforms":null,"geoBonBiome":["Terrestrial"],"geology":"The bedrock is a mixture of Ordovician acidic and basic volcanic rocks, with localised igneous intrusions. Evidence of glaciation is widespread, with prominent corrie moraines.","hydrology":"There are 5 lakes within the site, three of which form a \u0027staircase\u0027. The Nant Teryn stream that drains the site is an ECN freshwater monitoring site.","soils":"The soils are varied and include brown podzolic soil, gleys, organic peat soils and humic rankers.","vegetation":"The dominant vegetation is acidic grassland with Festuca ovina (sheep\u00b4s fescue) and Agrostis sp (bent grass) in the drier areas and Nardus stricta (mat grass) in the wetter areas."},"geographic":{"boundaries":"POLYGON ((-4.059704639936 53.080723210541, -4.0588982064889 53.080605671666, -4.0580522435626 53.080678732788, -4.0568794335429 53.081020526551, -4.0558298551718 53.081403951905, -4.0549545398144 53.081623646737, -4.0543241115732 53.081634534619, -4.0537622138402 53.081556600689, -4.0523869344867 53.081214962501, -4.0515284492295 53.081025196951, -4.0503298988776 53.080826725948, -4.0498046839762 53.080499615907, -4.0491506858143 53.080014011798, -4.0486213355577 53.079599422395, -4.0481466922341 53.079315296947, -4.0477518039648 53.079175945391, -4.0465553980367 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