{"title":"Functional Gradient of Atlantic Forest - Brazil","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/","suffix":"8b627268-5fcc-4587-ad4c-46ee43077746"},"type":"site","created":"2016-06-20T19:09:58+02:00","changed":"2020-12-18T10:29:42+01:00","attributes":{"affiliation":{"networks":[{"network":{"name":"LTER Brazil","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"d22789fb-4663-4a77-a6ec-ddb279906cc9"}},"siteCode":"LTER_SAM_BR_999","verified":true}],"projects":null},"contact":{"siteManager":null,"operatingOrganisation":null,"metadataProvider":[{"type":"person","name":"Simone VIEIRA","email":"sivieira@unicamp.br","orcid":null}],"fundingAgency":null,"siteUrl":null},"general":{"abstract":"This research site develops long-term ecological studies in experimental units located in Protected Areas along the altitudinal gradient of Atlantic Forest types: Low Altitude Ombrophilous Dense Forest (5 to 50 m above sea level), Submontana Ombrophilous Dense Forest (50 to 500 m above sea level), and Montane Ombrophilous Dense Forest (500 to 1.200 m above sea level). In each altitude, all trees with a DBH \u2265 5,0 cm that fall inside 4 independent 1 hectare permanent plots, divided into a grid of 10 x 10 meter parcels, are being considered. The site extends from 23\u00b015\u0027 S a 23\u00b0 40 S  to  44\u00b0 40\u2019 a 45\u00b0 40\u2019 W. within areas of the Nucleus Caraguatatuba, Cunha, Picinguaba and Santa Virginia from the Serra do Mar State Park\/PESM.\r\n\r\nThe database on composition and structure of the forest will allow a choice of species for more detailed studies on reproduction biology; seed anatomy and reserves; germination; photosynthesis and water use efficiency; nitrogen assimilation, transport and metabolism; plant populations structure and dynamics; techniques; genetic structure of plant populations using molecular markers; determination of forest age by DBH classes and using 14C; determination of annual average growth rates of key species; and phenology.\r\nMultivariate analyses has been used to check for functional groups, or groups of species that share a common behavior and ecology. The comparison of different groups along the altitudinal gradient will allow investigation of the effect of altitude in the functioning of these groups.\r\nSimultaneously, the inputs of nitrogen through precipitation, biological fixation, and soil mineralization and nitrification are being determined, along with key parameters of N losses through denitrification and export by streams, allowing a preliminary nitrogen mass balance along the altitudinal gradient. Water and carbon balance of the forest will be estimated along with the seasonal variation of this balance through use of micrometeorological towers and Eddy-covariance technique. The photosynthesis\/respiration balance of the ecosystem will be used to determine the role of the forest as a sink or source of carbon to the atmosphere.\r\nOur final goal is to integrate the results of all activities listed above, scaling-up from individual trees, to families, to functional groups, and finally to phytophysiognomies, allowing us to investigate in detail the structure and the functioning of the forest. \r\n","citation":null,"relatedIdentifiers":null,"status":{"label":"Operational","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/elter_cl\/10772"},"yearEstablished":2005,"yearClosed":null,"relatedSites":null,"siteName":"Functional Gradient of Atlantic Forest","shortName":"Functional Gradient Brazil","siteType":"Platform","protectionLevel":null,"landUse":null,"images":[{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/Site%2520FGAF%2520-%2520Brazil.jpg","alt":"not defined"}]},"environmentalCharacteristics":{"airTemperature":{"yearlyAverage":22,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"\u00b0C","referencePeriod":null},"precipitation":{"yearlyAverage":2200,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"mm","referencePeriod":null},"biogeographicalRegion":null,"biome":"rainforest","ecosystemType":[{"label":"Forest","uri":null},{"label":"Rainforest","uri":null}],"eunisHabitat":[{"label":"Broadleaved evergreen woodland (G2)","uri":null},{"label":"Woodland, forest and other wooded land (G)","uri":null}],"landforms":null,"geoBonBiome":["Terrestrial"],"geology":null,"hydrology":null,"soils":null,"vegetation":"The forest structure of the Atlantic Forest contains multiple canopies that support an extremely rich vegetation mix. This includes an astonishing diversity of ferns, mosses and epiphytes, including lianas, orchids and bromeliads. Along the altitudinal gradien FGAF 1ha plots have 92 species of tree at see level (Restinga Forest), 150 species between 50 and 200 masl, 220 species between 200 and 400, and about 180 species between 600 and 1,000 masl.\r\n "},"geographic":{"boundaries":null,"coordinates":"POINT (-45.1123 -23.3633)","country":["Brazil"],"elevation":{"avg":800,"min":0,"max":1200,"unit":"msl"},"size":{"value":40,"unit":"ha"},"relatedLocations":null},"focusDesignScale":{"experiments":{"design":null,"scale":"na"},"observations":{"design":"mainly observation","scale":"plot without link to explicit catchment"},"observedProperties":[{"label":"above ground net primary production","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10043"},{"label":"air humidity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22032"},{"label":"air temperature","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22035"},{"label":"atmospheric parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20937"},{"label":"carbon dioxide concentration","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22082"},{"label":"daylight length","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22100"},{"label":"ecosystem parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20939"},{"label":"precipitation intensity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22204"}]},"infrastructure":{"accessibleAllYear":true,"accessType":"dirt road  (4WD)","allPartsAccessible":false,"maintenanceInterval":60,"permanentPowerSupply":false,"operation":{"permanent":true,"notes":null,"siteVisitInterval":30},"notes":null,"collection":[{"label":"6 - 10 beds","uri":null},{"label":"More than 10 m above canopy","uri":null},{"label":"Other data services","uri":null},{"label":"Other transmission types","uri":null},{"label":"Radio transmission system (repeaters, receivers, centralstation)","uri":null},{"label":"Unknown number of places","uri":null},{"label":"Vehicle 4WD","uri":null}],"data":{"policy":{"url":null,"rights":["The data provider must be offered co-authorship for publications using this dataset at least within the metadata description"],"notes":null}}},"relatedResources":null,"projectRelated":{"lter":{"lterSiteClassification":"Master Site"}}}}