{"title":"Damma - Switzerland","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/","suffix":"923ac7c3-8edd-4dff-8842-e0bb400d9098"},"type":"site","created":"2013-12-04T22:40:20+01:00","changed":"2024-07-16T12:58:37+02:00","attributes":{"affiliation":{"networks":null,"projects":null},"contact":{"siteManager":null,"operatingOrganisation":null,"metadataProvider":null,"fundingAgency":null,"siteUrl":[{"title":null,"value":"http:\/\/www.soiltrec.eu\/CZOPages\/site3.html"}]},"general":{"abstract":"The site was located in the Central Alps, in the canton of Uri, Switzerland. it encompassed the the Damma glacier and its fore field,  which is located at an altitude between 1950 and 2050 m above sea level. Due to the glacier retreat a soil chronosequence of about 150 years is present in the valley bottom. The soil chronosequence has been the object of extensive studies. The climate is characterized by a short vegetation period (late June to mid October), and about 2400 mm precipitation per year. The bedrock is composed of a coarse-grained granite of the Aare massif, which was metamorphosed under greenschist facies conditions and is composed of quartz, plagioclase, potassium feldspar, biotite, and muscovite. Epidote is present in significant amounts, mainly as inclusion in plagioclase. Additional accessory minerals include magnetite chlorite and apatite. Although different varieties of metagranite, distinguished mainly by variations in the relative mineral proportions and grain size, are present in the catchment, the composition of the bedrock is very similar everywhere along the soil chronosequence. The front of the northeast-exposed Damma glacier has retreated at an average rate of approximately 10 m yr\u22121 since the beginning of systematic annual measurements in 1921, culminating in 2003 with the disconnection of a dead-ice body, a large block of stagnant ice detached from the main glacier remaining in the valley. The active glacier currently terminates above a steep wall at the valley head.  Field instrumentation includes a meteorological station,  a runoff station of the main river,  and groundwater tubes to monitor river-groundwater exchange.","citation":null,"relatedIdentifiers":null,"status":{"label":"Closed","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/elter_cl\/10770"},"yearEstablished":2008,"yearClosed":2014,"relatedSites":null,"siteName":"Damma","shortName":"Damma","siteType":"Stationary land-based site","protectionLevel":[{"label":"Category IV \u2013 Habitat\/Species Management Area","uri":"http:\/\/dd.eionet.europa.eu\/vocabularyconcept\/cdda\/IucnCategoryValue\/IV"}],"landUse":null,"images":null},"environmentalCharacteristics":{"airTemperature":{"yearlyAverage":2,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"\u00b0C","referencePeriod":null},"precipitation":{"yearlyAverage":2400,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"mm","referencePeriod":null},"biogeographicalRegion":"alpine","biome":"alpine","ecosystemType":[{"label":"Alpine","uri":null}],"eunisHabitat":[{"label":"Acid alpine and subalpine grassland (E4.3)","uri":null},{"label":"Alpine and subalpine grasslands (E4)","uri":null},{"label":"Grasslands and lands dominated by forbs, mosses or lichens (E)","uri":null},{"label":"Inland unvegetated or sparsely vegetated habitats (H)","uri":null},{"label":"Moss and lichen dominated mountain summits, ridges and exposed slopes (E4.2)","uri":null},{"label":"Snow or ice-dominated habitats (H4)","uri":null}],"landforms":null,"geoBonBiome":["Fresh water rivers","Terrestrial"],"geology":"The bedrock is composed of a coarse-grained granite of the Aare massif, which was metamorphosed under greenschist facies conditions and is composed of quartz, plagioclase, potassium feldspar, biotite, and muscovite. Epidote is present in significant amounts, mainly as inclusion in plagioclase. Additional accessory minerals include magnetite chlorite and apatite.","hydrology":"The hydrological regime of the study area is dominated by runoff generation from the seasonal snow cover and the glacier. The runoff from the basin discharges entirely to a hydropower dam (G\u00f6scheneralpsee).","soils":"According to the FAO soil classification the soils in the glacier fore field chronosequnece can be classified as Dystric Hyperskeletic Leptosols, Eutric Hyperskeletic Leptosols. The soils outside the soil chronosequence t are Haplic Cambisols","vegetation":"Vegetation ranges from patchy wit moss lichens and forbs in the very young soils (less than 10 years old) with Agrostis gigantea Roth, Rumex scutatus L., Cerastium uniflorum Thom. ex Reichb., and Oxyria digyna (L.) Hill. The vegetation cover increases from partial to full in the intermediate age-soils. Dominant plant species are Agrostis gigantea, Salix spp., Deschampsiacespitosa. In the oldest soils (90-150 Y) Vegetation cover is full and is characterised by woody plants such as Rhododendron ferrugineum L. and Salix spp., and grasses like Agrostis gigantea and Festuca rubra L. and patches with Alnus viridis (Chaix) DC."},"geographic":{"boundaries":"POLYGON ((8.4219249010337 46.647626783679, 8.4233834962049 46.648098782759, 8.4253843849507 46.64790525781, 8.4270981615673 46.647170854776, 8.4277537039753 46.646871472471, 8.4289835246294 46.646493673135, 8.4293988812762 46.645887989703, 8.4301847353481 46.645719622324, 8.4306715759988 46.645524483712, 8.431543236984 46.645384729202, 8.4318400865527 46.645294033872, 8.4321576898869 46.6450685835, 8.4328421615302 46.645462388148, 8.4338596867689 46.645553449178, 8.4347798692575 46.6456120376, 8.4363808691433 46.645864546721, 8.437834936923 46.646018378217, 8.439029111024 46.646304426886, 8.440028407285 46.646655499722, 8.4408180720105 46.64697242275, 8.4416325327846 46.647217152008, 8.4426258470415 46.647244389425, 8.4451205284976 46.647924090708, 8.4469869802079 46.6485373286, 8.448745282772 46.648953576955, 8.450338789804 46.648939440391, 8.451401406432 46.648480187284, 8.4524405822598 46.648165073102, 8.4529596591387 46.647980528119, 8.4542556453797 46.647429207539, 8.4550335627648 46.647116397646, 8.4554929296729 46.64653653699, 8.4560350541978 46.646189838898, 8.4570500714063 46.645982853106, 8.4573625132558 46.645926082405, 8.4584976035995 46.645160240026, 8.4590698921267 46.645029168149, 8.4600092327025 46.644966774057, 8.4607134815439 46.64490648125, 8.4612043355482 46.644614195714, 8.4619099409305 46.644625853643, 8.4625354797048 46.644548263757, 8.4632376739077 46.644380018144, 8.46514449157 46.644362855246, 8.4655586638884 46.644161204498, 8.4662652904939 46.644226804003, 8.4684336515085 46.644225219394, 8.4696871016758 46.644195891063, 8.4703906427769 46.644099559369, 8.4709120245177 46.644040859037, 8.4721170120664 46.644209861819, 8.4721396925032 46.644029729857, 8.4720272984756 46.643616918945, 8.4718850027131 46.643006460224, 8.4718234769211 46.642521217291, 8.4717100568463 46.642054437493, 8.4716760285232 46.641640915639, 8.4720351651281 46.64129579885, 8.472314219535 46.640861444326, 8.472828683283 46.64044294504, 8.4731847054397 46.639935919024, 8.4736692456818 46.639319768497, 8.473658566212 46.638762093805, 8.4736506428765 46.638348335145, 8.4739286353184 46.637860008033, 8.4742887664763 46.637568852548, 8.4742811037916 46.635805643361, 8.4742607678284 46.634744262278, 8.4745442523905 46.634543765698, 8.4745396845422 46.63294246171, 8.4750032052004 46.63259638533, 8.4752327209347 46.632306414605, 8.4748296174303 46.631716324637, 8.4740880700645 46.631183288201, 8.4737678079427 46.630826345973, 8.473345848655 46.630614267872, 8.4729448436055 46.630132108272, 8.4726726933375 46.629558814426, 8.4723476342238 46.628950014828, 8.4719755144617 46.628611530969, 8.4714463778294 46.628256477106, 8.4710763298928 46.628025927463, 8.4707344585738 46.627903077192, 8.4701469331934 46.627224678903, 8.4700383647014 46.627009750346, 8.4699772168934 46.626542495328, 8.4698387638172 46.626129918109, 8.4696236929627 46.625807997488, 8.468964041144 46.625454113712, 8.4685163738567 46.625260243362, 8.4680714501671 46.625210287593, 8.4675993886409 46.625106597345, 8.4673345087012 46.624911070958, 8.4667837751313 46.624790095243, 8.4663354372387 46.62456023721, 8.4659922312291 46.624365414467, 8.4655696695194 46.624117328335, 8.4648897592483 46.624069478709, 8.4642637784487 46.624111102561, 8.4629551609757 46.623960945325, 8.4627187995984 46.62389110027, 8.4622474410787 46.623823366935, 8.4617276067762 46.623953985945, 8.461175194306 46.623743035263, 8.4605970154709 46.623550305751, 8.4601504136923 46.623410371172, 8.4596471765071 46.623037038566, 8.4589337057871 46.622593616848, 8.4585057608281 46.622057671269, 8.45802763991 46.621630128928, 8.4571076962903 46.621314492136, 8.4563966396018 46.620996981525, 8.4556059096793 46.620608207566, 8.4548399478445 46.620147236784, 8.4539057620641 46.620461442657, 8.4526826746984 46.620688250403, 8.4518759805716 46.620839370834, 8.4513002245444 46.620772521231, 8.4505688235844 46.620761029527, 8.4498143414776 46.620911671362, 8.4492141589637 46.620934991028, 8.4478018940219 46.620821565373, 8.4469911582265 46.620756775867, 8.4453405685252 46.620465503766, 8.4440354371637 46.620495025111, 8.4426523103771 46.620543211641, 8.4407423254088 46.620344122343, 8.4395379684579 46.620174787212, 8.4387215956518 46.619804115007, 8.437706335323 46.619974958568, 8.436482527013 46.620165612917, 8.4355522144753 46.620695543813, 8.4346453422671 46.621081321579, 8.4338161244053 46.621430428414, 8.4331703276255 46.621813912702, 8.4323480322933 46.622540791456, 8.4313336912825 46.622765547075, 8.4292639693669 46.623827133783, 8.4281804772234 46.62455625296, 8.4273009149946 46.625013703865, 8.4265261138261 46.625488231799, 8.4252577963929 46.626110970194, 8.4240661474941 46.626643068392, 8.4228712000399 46.626995257365, 8.422276175293 46.627306269697, 8.4214471089815 46.627673275894, 8.4208579517284 46.628308094944, 8.4207117299494 46.628885115483, 8.4206986882514 46.629604927637, 8.4202919734551 46.630220177928, 8.4199903602574 46.630870506265, 8.4198516324132 46.631861288087, 8.4198646938051 46.632580875037, 8.4196962521249 46.633373995078, 8.4193916766256 46.633862414618, 8.4191918864789 46.634367923908, 8.4192561936086 46.635033092188, 8.4189780477342 46.635539275425, 8.4187769427208 46.635972825234, 8.419282302397 46.636472265814, 8.4196538194694 46.636792931984, 8.420106633175 46.637274828972, 8.419771676591 46.637529608717, 8.4197040985909 46.638123942422, 8.4200279661112 46.63869691243, 8.4202163475132 46.639001161726, 8.4202222280558 46.639324975653, 8.4203844940607 46.639629449673, 8.4204419598045 46.639916834123, 8.4204726536254 46.640168464298, 8.4205810512724 46.640383439859, 8.4207932725842 46.640561535438, 8.4207988298548 46.640867359636, 8.4207769601826 46.641101450344, 8.4207812098261 46.641335315898, 8.4208670876311 46.641748402543, 8.4209209617704 46.641837900478, 8.4208465255885 46.642054451874, 8.4210074953992 46.642286966312, 8.4209340398099 46.642557486723, 8.4210959925288 46.642843969993, 8.4210506189747 46.643222203168, 8.421053234967 46.643366120401, 8.4211626224559 46.643635064312, 8.4212462173559 46.643922223024, 8.4212233672004 46.644102344801, 8.4213340654257 46.64444324714, 8.4214921000697 46.644513853986, 8.4213036060224 46.645121062554, 8.4214283571661 46.646118545079, 8.4217988017255 46.646555889934, 8.4219249010337 46.647626783679))","coordinates":"POINT (8.462796 46.640283)","country":["Switzerland"],"elevation":{"avg":2300,"min":1940,"max":3630,"unit":"msl"},"size":{"value":1200,"unit":"ha"},"relatedLocations":null},"focusDesignScale":{"experiments":{"design":"mainly experimentation","scale":"catchment scale"},"observations":{"design":"mainly observation","scale":"plot within catchment"},"observedProperties":[{"label":"acid neutralising capacity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10310"},{"label":"atmospheric parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20937"},{"label":"atmospheric pressure","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22060"},{"label":"available phosphorus","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22061"},{"label":"base saturation","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22065"},{"label":"carbon-to-nitrogen ratio","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21350"},{"label":"cation exchange capacity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22084"},{"label":"conductivity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22089"},{"label":"dissolved organic carbon in water","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10307"},{"label":"ecosystem parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20939"},{"label":"ecosystem structure","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21475"},{"label":"inorganic carbon content","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22135"},{"label":"inorganic nitrogen content","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22136"},{"label":"litter residence time","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10048"},{"label":"macropores saturated water content","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22165"},{"label":"microbial diversity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22169"},{"label":"nitrogen content","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22174"},{"label":"percent carbon","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22181"},{"label":"percent organic carbon","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22183"},{"label":"plant carbon concentration","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22187"},{"label":"precipitation intensity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22204"},{"label":"soil microbial diversity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22257"},{"label":"soil moisture field capacity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10396"},{"label":"soil organic residual","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22262"},{"label":"soil pH","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22264"},{"label":"soil parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20944"},{"label":"soil porosity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22267"},{"label":"soil respiration","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22269"},{"label":"soil solute amount","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22272"},{"label":"soil solution concentration","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22274"},{"label":"soil temperature","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22278"},{"label":"soil texture","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22279"},{"label":"total carbon","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22296"},{"label":"total organic carbon","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22297"},{"label":"water parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20945"},{"label":"water table","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/30028"},{"label":"water volume","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22316"}]},"infrastructure":{"accessibleAllYear":false,"accessType":"regular car","allPartsAccessible":false,"maintenanceInterval":null,"permanentPowerSupply":false,"operation":{"permanent":false,"notes":"There is no fixed sampling or maintenance plan.  Sampling intervals according to project needs.","siteVisitInterval":1},"notes":"accommodation and car access at about 1.5 hours walking distance from site,  no road access","collection":[{"label":"\u003E 10 beds","uri":null},{"label":"No data transmission from site","uri":null},{"label":"No tower on site","uri":null},{"label":"No within site data transmission","uri":null},{"label":"Other data services","uri":null},{"label":"Paper","uri":null},{"label":"Structured file","uri":null}],"data":{"policy":{"url":null,"rights":["Mutual agreement on reciprocal sharing of data"],"notes":null}}},"relatedResources":null,"projectRelated":{"lter":{"lterSiteClassification":"Regular Site"}}}}