{"title":"Lago Piramide Superiore - Nepal","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/","suffix":"9c6df1bb-29ee-4db0-8c72-03cf67ac7be5"},"type":"site","created":"2012-12-25T18:58:56+01:00","changed":"2023-10-27T10:36:03+02:00","attributes":{"affiliation":{"networks":[{"network":{"name":"ILTER","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"1aa7ccb2-a14b-43d6-90ac-5e0a6bc1d65b"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"LTER Europe","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"4742ffca-65ac-4aae-815f-83738500a1fc"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"LTER Italia (Italy)","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"7fef6b73-e5cb-4cd2-b438-ed32eb1504b3"}},"siteCode":"LTER_EU_IT_055","verified":true}],"projects":[{"label":"ABC - UNEP atmospheric brown Cloud project","uri":"https:\/\/www.sei.org\/projects-and-tools\/projects\/atmospheric-brown-cloud-abc\/"}]},"contact":{"siteManager":[{"type":"person","name":"Andrea Lami","email":"andrea.lami@irsa.cnr.it","orcid":null},{"type":"person","name":"Michela Rogora","email":"michela.rogora@cnr.it","orcid":null}],"operatingOrganisation":null,"metadataProvider":[{"type":"person","name":"Alessandro Oggioni","email":"oggioni.a@irea.cnr.it","orcid":" https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7997-219X"},{"type":"person","name":"Andrea Lami","email":"andrea.lami@irsa.cnr.it","orcid":null}],"fundingAgency":[{"type":"organisation","name":"CNR - Institute of Ecosystem Study (ISE)","url":"http:\/\/www.ise.cnr.it\/","ror":"https:\/\/ror.org\/029k6t707"}],"siteUrl":[{"title":"Geonetwork EvK2","value":"http:\/\/geonetwork.evk2cnr.org\/webapp\/"},{"title":"LTER-Italy website","value":"http:\/\/www.lteritalia.it\/"}]},"general":{"abstract":"The lake is located in the Khumbu Valley, Sagarmatha National Park (SNP), Nepal. SNP is situated in the Solu-Khumbu district, in the north-eastern\r\nregion of Nepal and represents the northernmost part of the Dudh Koshi River Basin, which is part of the Koshi River Basin (or SaptaKoshi Basin), one of the seven major hydrographic basins into which Nepal is subdivided. The SNP covers an area of 1141 km2 and is surrounded on all sides by the highest mountain ranges on Earth. The terrain is extremely irregular, with altitudes that reach 8848 m. The lower topographic limit of permanent snow cover is located at an altitude of 5500\u20135600 m. The climate of the SNP is driven by the Asian monsoon.\r\nThe lake bedrock is mainly Late Tertiary Granites, with a primarily quartz\u2013silicate composition and a low weathering rate. Soils are absent or very thin in most of the catchments. Vegetation cover is restricted to small areas of alpine meadow. The lake surface area is 0.009 km2. The lake lies above 5000 m a.s.l., the tree line limit. The lake is fed by a small glacier located in the catchment. The lake is  ice-covered for ca. 9\u201310 months every year (from October\u2013November to June\u2013July). Chlorophyll a concentrations are below 1 lg l-1 and are probably controlled by strong grazing pressure from a large pigmented (keto-carotenoid of astaxanthin type) zooplankton community. Total phosphorus concentrations (mean values) are about 2 \u00b5g P l-1, whereas total nitrate concentrations are about 120 \u00b5g N l-1. Concentrations of particulate organic carbon (POC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) are very low.\r\n","citation":null,"relatedIdentifiers":null,"status":{"label":"Operational","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/elter_cl\/10772"},"yearEstablished":1992,"yearClosed":null,"relatedSites":[{"typeOfRelationship":{"label":"belongs to","uri":"null"},"listOfSites":[{"type":"site","title":"IT11-Himalayan Lakes - Nepal","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/","suffix":"53c835b3-9ecb-4613-9b96-6b36356e83a8"},"changed":"2023-07-25T15:01:24+0200"}]}],"siteName":"Lago Piramide Superiore","shortName":"IT11-001-A","siteType":"Stationary land-based site","protectionLevel":null,"landUse":null,"images":[{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/Lake%2520superior1%2528d%2529.JPG","alt":"not defined"}]},"environmentalCharacteristics":{"airTemperature":{"yearlyAverage":-2.5,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"\u00b0C","referencePeriod":null},"precipitation":{"yearlyAverage":520,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"mm","referencePeriod":null},"biogeographicalRegion":null,"biome":"alpine","ecosystemType":[{"label":"Alpine","uri":null},{"label":"Fresh Water Lakes","uri":null},{"label":"Lakes","uri":null},{"label":"Small lakes","uri":null}],"eunisHabitat":[{"label":"Inland surface waters (C)","uri":null},{"label":"Surface standing waters (C1)","uri":null}],"landforms":null,"geoBonBiome":["Fresh water lakes"],"geology":"The lake bedrock is mainly Late Tertiary Granites, with a primarily quartz?silicate composition and a low weathering rate.","hydrology":"The lake is fed by a small glacier located in the catchment. The lake has an outflow feeding a lower lake.","soils":"Soils are absent or very thin in most of the catchments","vegetation":"Vegetation cover is restricted to small areas of alpine meadow composed of Leontopodium monocephalum, Potentilla fruticosa, Stellaria decumbens, Anaphalis cavei and A. xylorhiza. The area is characterized by patches of low brush dominated by Rhododendron anthopogon, R. setosum, R. nivale and a spotted with dwarf form of Juniperus"},"geographic":{"boundaries":"POLYGON ((86.807802749664 27.965769041487, 86.808014057342 27.96572214501, 86.808168193057 27.965655976109, 86.808280195264 27.965535234591, 86.808361337178 27.96537609455, 86.808389368532 27.965265397765, 86.808326890178 27.965189463408, 86.808259626362 27.96511708872, 86.808184961005 27.965092430025, 86.808088042576 27.965070678487, 86.808000237696 27.965118551246, 86.807942204852 27.965144100262, 86.807902070904 27.965160459044, 86.807892886218 27.965217280781, 86.807717724566 27.965318075359, 86.807614309105 27.96538034922, 86.807519210136 27.96544719839, 86.807348408504 27.965499548024, 86.807269498691 27.96554659249, 86.80723596202 27.965558789203, 86.80721031633 27.965569243526, 86.80716150144 27.965614001148, 86.807160997697 27.965691210546, 86.807251743982 27.965760905924, 86.807364714358 27.965834903842, 86.807624930614 27.965803846749, 86.807802749664 27.965769041487))","coordinates":"POINT (86.807948 27.965353)","country":["Nepal"],"elevation":{"avg":5213,"min":5213,"max":5213,"unit":"msl"},"size":{"value":0.9,"unit":"ha"},"relatedLocations":null},"focusDesignScale":{"experiments":{"design":"mainly experimentation","scale":"beyond catchment scale"},"observations":{"design":"mainly observation","scale":"beyond catchment"},"observedProperties":[{"label":"biological parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20940"},{"label":"ecosystem parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20939"},{"label":"water parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20945"}]},"infrastructure":{"accessibleAllYear":true,"accessType":"dirt road  (4WD)","allPartsAccessible":true,"maintenanceInterval":30,"permanentPowerSupply":true,"operation":{"permanent":false,"notes":null,"siteVisitInterval":200},"notes":"High altitude research laboratory Pyramid, managed by EVK2-CNR","collection":[{"label":"Other data services","uri":null}],"data":{"policy":{"url":null,"rights":["The opportunity to collaborate on the project using the dataset"],"notes":null}}},"relatedResources":null,"projectRelated":{"lter":{"lterSiteClassification":"Regular Site"}}}}