{"title":"Lammi LTER - Finland","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/","suffix":"a43d31c8-6219-4ab8-ac41-6088cb56b12b"},"type":"site","created":"2012-12-25T18:57:59+01:00","changed":"2026-03-13T13:03:02+01:00","attributes":{"affiliation":{"networks":[{"network":{"name":"GERI","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"c3abdc60-49f1-49db-81fe-863b7dbb21d3"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"Global Lake Ecological Observatory Network (GLEON)","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"8f746110-0ab8-4db6-9912-38422fd8a91d"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":false},{"network":{"name":"ICP Forests","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"4e44c094-f4f7-4882-bfe5-685b666a0dc7"}},"siteCode":"15_12, 15_13, 15_19","verified":false},{"network":{"name":"ILTER","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"1aa7ccb2-a14b-43d6-90ac-5e0a6bc1d65b"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"INTERACT","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"c0f5b78b-f3b2-4ec2-9ec3-53c79ea5e15a"}},"siteCode":"https:\/\/www.interact-gis.org\/Home\/Station\/100","verified":true},{"network":{"name":"LTER Europe","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"4742ffca-65ac-4aae-815f-83738500a1fc"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"LTER Finland","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"aaae2a46-f355-41d0-8067-c2f0cd52e814"}},"siteCode":"LTER_EU_FI_004","verified":true}],"projects":[{"label":"ICP Forests (Level II)","uri":null},{"label":"ICP Integrated Monitoring","uri":"https:\/\/unece.org\/integrated-monitoring"},{"label":"LIFEPLAN","uri":"https:\/\/cordis.europa.eu\/project\/id\/856506"},{"label":"eLTER (H2020)","uri":"https:\/\/cordis.europa.eu\/project\/id\/654359"},{"label":"eLTER PLUS (H2020) - VA","uri":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3030\/871128"}]},"contact":{"siteManager":[{"type":"person","name":"Janne Sundell","email":"janne.sundell@helsinki.fi","orcid":null},{"type":"person","name":"Jos\u00e9 Cano Arias","email":"jose.canoarias@helsinki.fi","orcid":null}],"operatingOrganisation":null,"metadataProvider":[{"type":"person","name":"Lauri Arvola","email":"lauri.arvola@helsinki.fi","orcid":null}],"fundingAgency":null,"siteUrl":[{"title":null,"value":"https:\/\/www.helsinki.fi\/en\/research-stations\/lammi-biological-station"}]},"general":{"abstract":"The Lammi LTER area is located 130 km north of Helsinki, 35 km east of the city of H\u00e4meenlinna and 40 km west of the city of Lahti in uplands between two major river basins, i.e. rivers Kokem\u00e4enjoki and Kymijoki. The Lammi LTER area consists of several core sites\/areas from which the Evo Forest and Lake Area (EVO) is the largest one and has a special value in terms of long term ecological studies. Another important study area is Lake P\u00e4\u00e4j\u00e4rvi and its surroundings. The EVO area is among the largest coniferous forest areas in southern Finland. Lake P\u00e4\u00e4j\u00e4rvi and its surroundings have been studied since early 1960s as a result of the establishment of the Lammi Biological Station in 1953 by the University of Helsinki.  ","citation":null,"relatedIdentifiers":null,"status":{"label":"Operational","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/elter_cl\/10772"},"yearEstablished":1953,"yearClosed":null,"relatedSites":null,"siteName":"Lammi LTER","shortName":"Lammi LTER","siteType":"Stationary land-based site","protectionLevel":null,"landUse":null,"images":[{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/Picture1.jpg","alt":"Lake P\u00e4\u00e4j\u00e4rvi"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/lammi-lter-southern-boreal-aquatic-and-terrestrial-long-term-ecological-research-area-finland_6192.jpg","alt":"Measuring platform on Lake Valkea-Kotinen"}]},"environmentalCharacteristics":{"airTemperature":{"yearlyAverage":3.9,"monthlyAverage":[-5.84,-6.33,-2.52,3.38,9.69,14.08,16.78,14.98,10.03,4.38,0.03,-3.36],"unit":"\u00b0C","referencePeriod":{"label":"1991 - 2020","uri":null}},"precipitation":{"yearlyAverage":631,"monthlyAverage":[46,35,32,30,39,63,77,70,52,63,55,50],"unit":"mm","referencePeriod":{"label":"1991 - 2020","uri":null}},"biogeographicalRegion":"boreal","biome":"freshwater_lakes","ecosystemType":[{"label":"Agricultural","uri":null},{"label":"Forest","uri":null},{"label":"Lakes","uri":null},{"label":"Rivers","uri":null},{"label":"Urban","uri":null}],"eunisHabitat":[{"label":"Habitat complexes (X)","uri":null},{"label":"Inland surface waters (C)","uri":null},{"label":"Mires, bogs and fens (D)","uri":null},{"label":"Woodland, forest and other wooded land (G)","uri":null}],"landforms":null,"geoBonBiome":["Fresh water lakes","Fresh water rivers","Terrestrial"],"geology":null,"hydrology":null,"soils":null,"vegetation":null},"geographic":{"boundaries":"POLYGON ((25.302117601048 61.006468294106, 25.300579474374 61.007570965488, 25.300540397071 61.008647631877, 25.300476351155 61.009499582645, 25.298338248155 61.011097342799, 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