{"title":"Lough Neagh - United Kingdom","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/","suffix":"a7f8c0f4-e90f-4fa1-bbba-2daadeaf7a8c"},"type":"site","created":"2012-12-25T19:02:24+01:00","changed":"2023-07-28T10:58:33+02:00","attributes":{"affiliation":{"networks":[{"network":{"name":"ILTER","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"1aa7ccb2-a14b-43d6-90ac-5e0a6bc1d65b"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"LTER Europe","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"4742ffca-65ac-4aae-815f-83738500a1fc"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"UK ECN","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"a197664f-569e-4df6-933a-86de676dbfc5"}},"siteCode":"LTER_EU_UK_016","verified":true}],"projects":null},"contact":{"siteManager":[{"type":"person","name":"Andrew Sier [Primary ECN contact]","email":"arjs@ceh.ac.uk","orcid":null},{"type":"person","name":"Yvonne McElarney [INACTIVE]","email":"yvonne.mcelarney@afbini.gov.uk","orcid":null}],"operatingOrganisation":null,"metadataProvider":[{"type":"person","name":"Andrew Sier [Primary ECN contact]","email":"arjs@ceh.ac.uk","orcid":null}],"fundingAgency":null,"siteUrl":[{"title":"ECN website","value":"https:\/\/ecn.ac.uk\/"},{"title":"Lough Neagh on UK Lakes Portal","value":"https:\/\/eip.ceh.ac.uk\/apps\/lakes\/detail.html?wbid=50001"}]},"general":{"abstract":"UK ECN site. Lough Neagh covers 383 km2  and is by far the largest area of freshwater in the British Isles.  Situated in the north-east of the island, it has a drainage basin of 4,453 km2, which is shared between Northern Ireland (91%) and the Republic of Ireland (9%). The average water retention time is 15 months. Although large in area, the lake is relatively shallow with a mean depth of 8.9 m (max. 25 m). This, combined with its great size and a mild and windy oceanic climate, ensures that the water column is generally well mixed. The lake supports commercial fisheries for European eel, pollan, perch and trout.  The eel fishery is the most significant, with an annual catch in the region of 600 t. Lough Neagh is hypertrophic with a mean annual total phosphorus (P) concentration of 140 mg P l-1 (2017).  Levels of phosphorus and nitrogen in the lough support large phytoplankton populations with annual chlorophyll a concentrations typically in excess of 45 mg l-1. The dominant alga is the cyanophyte Planktothrix agardhii and the phytoplankton is now less diverse than in the late 1960s when regular monitoring began. Since then there has been regular monitoring of the plankton, lake and river nutrient concentrations, which have been used to produce nutrient budgets for the lake.","citation":null,"relatedIdentifiers":null,"status":{"label":"Operational","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/elter_cl\/10772"},"yearEstablished":1992,"yearClosed":null,"relatedSites":null,"siteName":"Lough Neagh","shortName":"L16","siteType":"Stationary land-based site","protectionLevel":[{"label":"Category IV \u2013 Habitat\/Species Management Area","uri":"http:\/\/dd.eionet.europa.eu\/vocabularyconcept\/cdda\/IucnCategoryValue\/IV"}],"landUse":[{"label":"aquaculture and fishing","uri":"https:\/\/inspire.ec.europa.eu\/codelist\/HILUCSValue\/1_4_AquacultureAndFishing"},{"label":"primary production","uri":"https:\/\/inspire.ec.europa.eu\/codelist\/HILUCSValue\/1_PrimaryProduction"},{"label":"professional fishing","uri":"https:\/\/inspire.ec.europa.eu\/codelist\/HILUCSValue\/1_4_2_ProfessionalFishing"}],"images":[{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/lough-neagh-united-kingdom_6631.jpg","alt":"View of Lough Neagh"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/lough-neagh-united-kingdom_6632.jpg","alt":"Water monitoring instrument in Lough Neagh"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/lough-neagh-united-kingdom_6634.jpg","alt":"Sunset over Lough Neagh (swans in foreground)"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/lough-neagh-united-kingdom_6635.jpg","alt":"Boats on Lough Neagh"}]},"environmentalCharacteristics":{"airTemperature":{"yearlyAverage":8.82,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"\u00b0C","referencePeriod":null},"precipitation":{"yearlyAverage":842.8,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"mm","referencePeriod":null},"biogeographicalRegion":"atlantic","biome":"freshwater_lakes","ecosystemType":[{"label":"Fresh Water Lakes","uri":null},{"label":"Lakes","uri":null},{"label":"Large lakes","uri":null}],"eunisHabitat":[{"label":"Inland surface waters (C)","uri":null},{"label":"Surface standing waters (C1)","uri":null}],"landforms":null,"geoBonBiome":["Fresh water lakes"],"geology":null,"hydrology":"Lough Neagh covers 386 km2 and is by far the largest area of freshwater in the British Isles. Situated in north-east Ireland, it has a drainage basin of 4450 km2, which is shared between Northern Ireland (91%) and the Republic of Ireland (9%). The average water retention time is 15 months. Although large in area, the lake is relatively shallow with a mean depth of 8.9m (max. 25 m). This, combined with its great size and a mild and windy oceanic climate, ensures that the water column is generally well mixed. Lough Neagh is hypertrophic with a mean annual total phosphorus concentration of 160 mg P l-1. Attempts to lower P concentrations in the lough by curtailing point sources of P have been unsuccessful due to increasing inputs from diffuse sources. Levels of P in the lough support large phytoplankton populations with annual chlorophyll a concentrations typically in excess of 60 mg l-1.","soils":null,"vegetation":null},"geographic":{"boundaries":"POLYGON ((-6.3092531470669 55.053101676658, -6.271082093888 55.039513296631, -6.2528614464164 55.030508155446, -6.2247845824737 55.024070874989, -6.2246253401967 55.023936596035, -6.2181956163326 55.019508290662, -6.1882944747836 55.028070619618, -6.1730964532679 55.025931417303, -6.1602671263963 55.030536569901, -6.1598728157333 55.030448344438, -6.1426752242841 55.006648932692, -6.0930796705636 54.98337886082, -6.0733601918416 54.98935185202, -6.0569455320783 54.966348848469, -6.0331317043928 54.95467366522, -6.0326333483923 54.94386551719, -6.0270107269361 54.938298793733, -6.0278685496374 54.937800591194, -6.0416948132813 54.9246480138, -6.0325365613426 54.910085012178, -6.046918255578 54.898731629022, -6.0469165243036 54.898596268888, -6.0391498501928 54.881822227035, 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