{"title":"Appennino settentrionale - Italy","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/","suffix":"a9bed11f-a08d-45f7-b3fe-8f549bfdca23"},"type":"site","created":"2012-12-25T18:58:17+01:00","changed":"2025-01-07T11:09:19+01:00","attributes":{"affiliation":{"networks":[{"network":{"name":"GERI","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"c3abdc60-49f1-49db-81fe-863b7dbb21d3"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"Global Observation Research Initiative in Alpine Environments (GLORIA)","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"2ac8d841-36f5-4d78-9fb9-d9ded9e5bb60"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":false},{"network":{"name":"ILTER","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"1aa7ccb2-a14b-43d6-90ac-5e0a6bc1d65b"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"LTER Europe","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"4742ffca-65ac-4aae-815f-83738500a1fc"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"LTER Italia (Italy)","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"7fef6b73-e5cb-4cd2-b438-ed32eb1504b3"}},"siteCode":"LTER_EU_IT_023","verified":true}],"projects":[{"label":"Natura 2000","uri":"https:\/\/natura2000.eea.europa.eu\/"},{"label":"Teabag","uri":null},{"label":"eLTER (H2020)","uri":"https:\/\/cordis.europa.eu\/project\/id\/654359"}]},"contact":{"siteManager":[{"type":"person","name":"Alessandro Petraglia","email":"alessandro.petraglia@unipr.it","orcid":null},{"type":"person","name":"Graziano Rossi","email":"graziano.rossi@unipv.it","orcid":null}],"operatingOrganisation":[{"type":"organisation","name":"University of Parma - Department of Environmental Sciences","url":null,"ror":null},{"type":"organisation","name":"University of Pavia - Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences","url":"http:\/\/sciter.unipv.eu\/site\/home.html","ror":null}],"metadataProvider":[{"type":"person","name":"Francesco Porro","email":"francesco.porro2@gmail.com","orcid":null},{"type":"person","name":"Graziano Rossi","email":"graziano.rossi@unipv.it","orcid":null},{"type":"person","name":"Marcello Tomaselli","email":"marcello.tomaselli@unipr.it","orcid":null}],"fundingAgency":null,"siteUrl":[{"title":"LTER - Italia","value":"http:\/\/www.lteritalia.it\/"}]},"general":{"abstract":"The site consists of \u201corographic islands\u201d with high elevation vegetation in central Mediterranean basin, along the Apennines mountain range, within the Appennino Tosco-Emiliano National park and partially in the Appennino Modenese Regional park. It includes 64 permanent plots for plant species monitoring, distributed from timberline zone to the subalpine\/alpine belt (1722-2000 m), that belong to the GLORIA project\u2019s world network (GLobal Observation Research Initiative in Alpine ecosystems); The plots lie at the top of four summits, displayed along an altitudinal gradient, chosen following the GLORIA Target Region selection criteria. Furthermore, other 26 permanent plots, detached from the GLORIA project, have been settled on mount Prado. The observation and the long-term monitoring of vegetation and alpine plant species population started in 1999. The collection of soil temperature and osmotic potential started in 2001 and 2013, respectively. The site is resurveyed regularly to collect vegetation data (in term of presence\/absence and coverage) and climatic data (temperature and osmotic potential data series recorded every 30 minutes by data loggers) in order to assess impacts of climate change on plant communities and single plant species of interest.\r\n\r\n","citation":null,"relatedIdentifiers":null,"status":{"label":"Operational","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/elter_cl\/10772"},"yearEstablished":2001,"yearClosed":null,"relatedSites":[{"typeOfRelationship":{"label":"belongs to","uri":"null"},"listOfSites":[{"type":"site","title":"IT01- Apennines - High elevation Ecosystems - Italy","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/","suffix":"70b5c2bd-b0c3-4132-8988-f527893bfa42"},"changed":"2023-07-24T14:18:39+0200"}]}],"siteName":"Appennino settentrionale","shortName":"IT01-004-T","siteType":"Stationary land-based site","protectionLevel":[{"label":"Category II \u2013 National Park","uri":"http:\/\/dd.eionet.europa.eu\/vocabularyconcept\/cdda\/IucnCategoryValue\/II"}],"landUse":[{"label":"land areas not in other economic use","uri":"https:\/\/inspire.ec.europa.eu\/codelist\/HILUCSValue\/6_3_1_LandAreasNotInOtherEconomicUse"},{"label":"natural areas not in other economic use","uri":"https:\/\/inspire.ec.europa.eu\/codelist\/HILUCSValue\/6_3_NaturalAreasNotInOtherEconomicUse"},{"label":"other uses","uri":"https:\/\/inspire.ec.europa.eu\/codelist\/HILUCSValue\/6_5_AreasWithoutAnySpecifiedPlannedUse"}],"images":[{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/DSCN8545.JPG","alt":"Mount Casarola North aspect "},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/CAS%2520%25202%25202008.jpg","alt":"example of 1x1m fixed Plot for vegetation data collection on Mt. Casarola"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/P1090499.JPG","alt":"Summit of Cima di Borra grande (Alpe di Mommio)"}]},"environmentalCharacteristics":{"airTemperature":{"yearlyAverage":6.758,"monthlyAverage":[-0.68,-0.55,1.85,4.56,8.9,13.04,15.67,15.91,11.09,7.47,3.18,0.13],"unit":"\u00b0C","referencePeriod":{"label":"1991 - 2020","uri":null}},"precipitation":{"yearlyAverage":1878,"monthlyAverage":[169,148,158,170,130,105,56,76,145,220,276,225],"unit":"mm","referencePeriod":{"label":"1991 - 2020","uri":null}},"biogeographicalRegion":"continental","biome":"alpine","ecosystemType":[{"label":"Alpine","uri":null},{"label":"Grasslands","uri":null},{"label":"Montane grasslands and shrublands","uri":null}],"eunisHabitat":[{"label":"Alpine and subalpine grasslands (E4)","uri":null},{"label":"Grasslands and lands dominated by forbs, mosses or lichens (E)","uri":null},{"label":"Habitat complexes (X)","uri":null},{"label":"Treeline ecotones (X20)","uri":null}],"landforms":[{"label":"Mountain","uri":null}],"geoBonBiome":["Terrestrial"],"geology":"The geologic substrate mainly consists of thick bedded turbiditic sandstones and marlstone of the upper Oligocene-lower Miocene, sometimes with thin layers of clay, and corresponds to the so-called Macigno formation. This type of deposit is called Flysch and consist of layers of sedimentary rocks deposited in deep marine facies by repeated sedimentary cycles in a quiet and low-energetic environment. The whole area of the Northern Apennines, even if it includes some of the highest peaks of the Apennines chain, present a general quite smooth and regular morphology, due to the easy erodibility of its bedrock.","hydrology":null,"soils":null,"vegetation":"Tuscan-Emilian Apennines, due to the influence of the Pleistocene climatic events (glacial cycles) and to their particular geographic disposition, are very rich in plant species (almost 500 entities are present within the whole region). The study area is situated at the borderline between continental Italy and peninsular Italy, and it represents the southernmost limit of the Boreal vegetation in Italy. Thus, the northern Apennine summit vegetation is characterized by many taxa typical of Boreal regions and Alps. Furthermore, several species of great phytogeographical interest are also present in the northern Apennines, either because placed at the limit of their natural distribution, or because characterized by isolated populations. Therefore, this area can be considered, in virtue of its own marginality and richness, an important hotspot for biodiversity conservation in Southern Europe.\r\nThe northern Apennines montane belt is dominated by the beech woods of the alliance Geranio nodosi-Fagion sylvaticae, and the vegetation of the subalpine belt is mainly constituted by dwarf shrub heaths dominated by Vaccinium species, with V. myrtillus, V. uliginosum subsp. microphyllum and V. vitis-idaea (Vaccinio-Hypericetum richeri). At higher altitudes, these shrub heats are progressively replaced by a high number of alpine grassland species. True alpine vegetation, like acidophytic and mesophytic alpine grasslands, and scree communities, grow sparsely at the highest summit ridges, and are scattered and not continuous.\r\n"},"geographic":{"boundaries":"MULTIPOLYGON (((10.386607 44.295993, 10.387533 44.296582, 10.388633 44.297042, 10.389879 44.297281, 10.3913 44.297355, 10.392666 44.29732, 10.393956 44.297213, 10.39519 44.296925, 10.396674 44.296489, 10.398005 44.296018, 10.399156 44.295403, 10.400276 44.294589, 10.401242 44.293668, 10.402105 44.292693, 10.402818 44.291775, 10.403502 44.290748, 10.403784 44.289798, 10.404092 44.28894, 10.404607 44.288206, 10.40577 44.287082, 10.406936 44.286067, 10.408163 44.285113, 10.409133 44.284392, 10.410278 44.283596, 10.411499 44.282818, 10.412848 44.282074, 10.414074 44.281477, 10.415429 44.280987, 10.416813 44.280661, 10.418346 44.280242, 10.41975 44.279679, 10.420623 44.279159, 10.421467 44.278494, 10.422107 44.277723, 10.42236 44.276701, 10.422457 44.275446, 10.422331 44.274411, 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44.116245)))","coordinates":"POINT (10.399749 44.287141)","country":["Italy"],"elevation":{"avg":1900,"min":1722,"max":2054,"unit":"msl"},"size":{"value":65,"unit":"ha"},"relatedLocations":[{"title":"Mt. Casarola","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/locations\/","suffix":"3e1a7a5d-3f95-463c-a332-bc879b1c75cc"},"changed":"2024-05-07T14:22:57+0200"}]},"focusDesignScale":{"experiments":{"design":"partly experimentation","scale":"plot scale"},"observations":{"design":"mainly observation","scale":"plot without link to explicit catchment"},"observedProperties":[{"label":"air temperature","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22035"},{"label":"alpha diversity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22040"},{"label":"atmospheric parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20937"},{"label":"bare soil cover","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22064"},{"label":"beta diversity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22067"},{"label":"biodiversity loss","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20153"},{"label":"biological parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20940"},{"label":"diversity index","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21513"},{"label":"ecosystem parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20939"},{"label":"floristic composition","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22121"},{"label":"floristic diversity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22122"},{"label":"functional diversity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21393"},{"label":"maximum temperature","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21529"},{"label":"mean annual air temperature","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21530"},{"label":"mean annual precipitation","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22166"},{"label":"minimum temperature","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21532"},{"label":"plant cover","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22188"},{"label":"plant diversity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22191"},{"label":"plant species abundance","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10335"},{"label":"plant species composition","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22195"},{"label":"plant species presence","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10341"},{"label":"plant species richness","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22196"},{"label":"population changes over time","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10028"},{"label":"seed longevity time","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22228"},{"label":"seed mass","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22229"},{"label":"seed size","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22231"},{"label":"soil osmotic potential","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22263"},{"label":"soil parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20944"},{"label":"soil temperature","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22278"},{"label":"species abundance","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10018"},{"label":"species composition","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22285"},{"label":"species presence","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10081"},{"label":"species richness","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22287"},{"label":"species trait","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10024"},{"label":"species turnover","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22288"}]},"infrastructure":{"accessibleAllYear":false,"accessType":"footpath\/trail","allPartsAccessible":true,"maintenanceInterval":700,"permanentPowerSupply":false,"operation":{"permanent":false,"notes":null,"siteVisitInterval":300},"notes":null,"collection":[{"label":"No data transmission from site","uri":null},{"label":"No lodging possible","uri":null},{"label":"No staff room","uri":null},{"label":"No within site data transmission","uri":null},{"label":"Other data services","uri":null},{"label":"Paper","uri":null},{"label":"Structured file","uri":null},{"label":"Vehicle 4WD","uri":null}],"data":{"policy":{"url":null,"rights":["Co-authorship on publications resulting from use of the dataset","The data provider must be offered co-authorship for publications using this dataset at least within the metadata description"],"notes":null}}},"relatedResources":[{"id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/dataset\/","suffix":"d23590ca-1988-11e5-a766-005056ab003f"},"title":"LTER_EU_IT_023: Temperatures data loggers","changed":"2023-02-10T17:29:28+01:00"},{"id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/dataset\/","suffix":"03e17a12-1989-11e5-a766-005056ab003f"},"title":"LTER_EU_IT_023: Vegetation Cover","changed":"2023-02-10T17:31:18+01:00"}],"projectRelated":{"lter":{"lterSiteClassification":"Regular Site"}}}}