{"title":"Jornada Basin LTER (JRN) - United States of America","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/","suffix":"b12161b4-8372-4542-abfd-f981ef513857"},"type":"site","created":"2012-12-25T19:35:51+01:00","changed":"2022-12-08T02:09:01+01:00","attributes":{"affiliation":{"networks":[{"network":{"name":"ILTER","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"1aa7ccb2-a14b-43d6-90ac-5e0a6bc1d65b"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"US LTER","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"fd9cd567-bba5-4b3e-a351-cc4404640972"}},"siteCode":"LTER-NAM-US-21","verified":true}],"projects":null},"contact":{"siteManager":[{"type":"person","name":"Gregory Maurer","email":"jornada.data@nmsu.edu","orcid":null},{"type":"person","name":"John Anderson","email":"janderso@nmsu.edu","orcid":null},{"type":"person","name":"Madeleine Soss","email":"jornada.lter@nmsu.edu","orcid":null},{"type":"person","name":"Niall Hanan","email":"nhanan@nmsu.edu","orcid":null}],"operatingOrganisation":null,"metadataProvider":[{"type":"organisation","name":"Jornada Basin LTER","url":"http:\/\/lter.jornada.nmsu.edu","ror":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05976ta47"}],"fundingAgency":null,"siteUrl":[{"title":null,"value":"http:\/\/lter.jornada.nmsu.edu"}]},"general":{"abstract":"The Jornada Basin Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) program is part of a national network of long-term ecological research sites\u00a0funded by the US National Science Foundation (NSF). The Jornada LTER program has been continuously funded since 1982 to develop general principles governing changes between grassland and shrubland ecosystems based on long-term data collected in the Chihuahuan Desert. Research themes at the Jornada LTER focus on vegetation change, climate and land use impacts on ecosystem function, and the role of dryland processes in structuring communities and landscapes. We translate our findings to dryland ecosystems around the world, and forecast the dynamics of future ecosystem states in response to changing climate and land use. \r\n\r\nThe Jornada Basin is located in southern New Mexico, USA, approximately 25 km northeast of the city of Las Cruces (32.6 N -106.7 W, elevation 1315 m). Annual precipitation is 24 cm and maximum temperatures average 13 C in January and 36 C in June. The study site is near the northern extent of the Chihuahuan Desert, which is the largest of the North American warm deserts, in a region has undergone large shifts in the relative dominance of grasslands and shrublands over the past century. We partner closely with the USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range (JER) and the NMSU Chihuahuan Desert Rangeland Research Center (CDRRC), allowing us to benefit from a long history of rangeland research, and to contribute to science-based management and sustainability practices.The Jornada Basin LTER project is administered by New Mexico State University.","citation":null,"relatedIdentifiers":null,"status":{"label":"Operational","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/elter_cl\/10772"},"yearEstablished":1982,"yearClosed":null,"relatedSites":null,"siteName":"Jornada Basin LTER (JRN)","shortName":"JRN","siteType":"Platform","protectionLevel":null,"landUse":null,"images":[{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2022-12\/Picture1.png","alt":"Figure 1. Microscale self-segregation of cyanobacterial species in biocrusts.  A Patches attributable to M. vaginatus (dashed white lines) and Parifilum sp. (dashed black lines) on a rehydrated biocrust are visible through differential coloration. Areas sampled for bulk soil (B) and cyanobacterial bundles (A1-4) are indicated by circles. Scale bar is 1\u2009cm. (Nelson et al., 2022)"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2022-12\/Picture2.png","alt":"Figure 2. Impact of connectivity modifiers (conmods) on herbaceous cover in the TRIGGER experiment. (A) cover measurements in treated and control during 3 years since initiation. "},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2022-12\/Picture3.png","alt":"Figure 2. Impact of connectivity modifiers (conmods) on herbaceous cover in the TRIGGER experiment. (B) conmod overhead imagery showing 2022 forb growth. "},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2022-12\/Picture4.png","alt":"Figure 3. Effects of reducing shrub competition (\u201cplant scale\u201d) and aeolian connectivity (\u201cpatch scale\u201d) on perennial grass establishment, averaged across the 15 blocks of the cross-scale interactions study (CSIS), showing modest impacts of treatments on their own, but much larger interactive effects.  "},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2022-12\/Picture5.jpg","alt":"Figure 4. Competition intensity (CI) for honey mesquite populations across the Jornada Basin, showing three classes of Low (0\u003CCI\u003C0.33), Medium (0.33\u003CCI\u003C0.67) and High (0.67\u003CCI\u003C1) intensity competition. Regions of the Jornada with shrub populations dominated by other species (notably creosote and tarbush) are not assigned CI values.  Inset: The relationship between 2009 competition index values and changes in cover, as observed over seven-year period.  The blue line represents a smoothed average of the point"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2022-12\/Picture6.png","alt":"Figure 5. Hypothetical relationship between timing of senescence for grasses (green line) and shrubs (orange line) and annual precipitation amount. Saturation of surface soils at higher rainfall amounts results in percolation to deeper soil depths accessible by shrubs, eliciting a senescence response (Currier \u0026 Sala, 2022)."},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2022-12\/Picture7.png","alt":"Figure 6. Thiel-Sen slope of moving window covariance analysis between perennial herbaceous vegetation and bare ground (\u0022xerification\u0022) for years 1986 through 2020 at the JRN LTER site. Yellow colors indicate little or no directional change through time, while increasingly negative Thiel-Sen slopes (darker green colors) indicate potential (\u0022imminent\u0022) ecological state change.  Red colors\u00a0(positive Thiel-Sen slopes) indicate areas of earlier high covariance, where new states are dominant\/stable in more recen"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2022-12\/Picture8.png","alt":"Figure 7. Adaptation of the Noy-Meir (1973) pulse-reserve concepts to show growth strategies of microbes and plants under pulsed rainfall regimes (Garcia-Pichel \u0026 Sala, 2022). Nimble response (NIR) organisms (e.g. microbes) respond more rapidly to pulses, including short pulses, with less reliance on (and accumulation of) carbohydrate reserves. Torpid response (TOR) organisms (e.g. plants) utilize reserves of carbohydrates in roots or seeds to initiate growth and must devote more resources in late growth to"}]},"environmentalCharacteristics":{"airTemperature":{"yearlyAverage":13,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"\u00b0C","referencePeriod":null},"precipitation":{"yearlyAverage":240,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"mm","referencePeriod":null},"biogeographicalRegion":null,"biome":"desert_scrub","ecosystemType":[{"label":"Desert","uri":null},{"label":"Deserts and xeric shrublands","uri":null}],"eunisHabitat":null,"landforms":[{"label":"Basin","uri":null},{"label":"Desert","uri":null}],"geoBonBiome":["Terrestrial"],"geology":null,"hydrology":"The Jornada Basin LTER research area is within a closed basin.","soils":null,"vegetation":"Vegetation varies along the north-south axis of the Chihuahuan desert, and the habitat types studied at the Jornada are most representative of the northern Trans-Pecos subdivision of this region. The Jornada LTER focuses on five habitat types: black grama grassland (Bouteloua eriopoda), creosotebush shrubland (Larrea tridentata), mesquite duneland (Prosopis glandulosa), tarbush shrubland (Flourensia cernua) and playa . The playas, dominated by a variety of grasses, are found in low- lying, periodically flooded areas that receive drainage waters from the various upslope communities."},"geographic":{"boundaries":null,"coordinates":"POINT (-106.741 32.617)","country":["United States of America"],"elevation":{"avg":null,"min":1207,"max":2442,"unit":"msl"},"size":{"value":104166,"unit":"ha"},"relatedLocations":null},"focusDesignScale":{"experiments":{"design":"partly experimentation","scale":"beyond catchment scale"},"observations":{"design":"partly observation","scale":"beyond catchment"},"observedProperties":[{"label":"DNA sequence","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21400"},{"label":"above ground biomass","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22025"},{"label":"above ground net primary production","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10043"},{"label":"agricultural parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20936"},{"label":"air humidity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22032"},{"label":"air temperature","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22035"},{"label":"animal species abundance","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10336"},{"label":"animal species presence","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22059"},{"label":"atmospheric parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20937"},{"label":"available water capacity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21544"},{"label":"bacterial diversity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22062"},{"label":"biological parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20940"},{"label":"carbon dioxide concentration","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22082"},{"label":"chemical parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10333"},{"label":"dry matter yield","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21198"},{"label":"ecosystem parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20939"},{"label":"ecosystem structure","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21475"},{"label":"genetic parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20942"},{"label":"growth rate","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10060"},{"label":"hydraulic conductivity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22133"},{"label":"inorganic carbon content","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22135"},{"label":"land cover","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22142"},{"label":"land use","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22143"},{"label":"land use intensity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22144"},{"label":"land use pattern","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22145"},{"label":"landscape heterogeneity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22150"},{"label":"landscape parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20943"},{"label":"landscape structure","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22152"},{"label":"leaf area","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22156"},{"label":"leaf area ratio","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22158"},{"label":"maximum temperature","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21529"},{"label":"minimum temperature","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21532"},{"label":"plant cover","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22188"},{"label":"plant distribution","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21479"},{"label":"plant height","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22192"},{"label":"plant species abundance","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10335"},{"label":"plant species composition","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22195"},{"label":"precipitation intensity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22204"},{"label":"relative humidity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21579"},{"label":"remote sensing parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20946"},{"label":"runoff amount","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/30032"},{"label":"soil bulk density","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22245"},{"label":"soil depth","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22247"},{"label":"soil microbial diversity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22257"},{"label":"soil nutrient","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22260"},{"label":"soil organic carbon","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22261"},{"label":"soil parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20944"},{"label":"soil profile water content","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22268"},{"label":"soil temperature","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22278"},{"label":"soil water content","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22281"},{"label":"solar radiation","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22284"},{"label":"surface air temperature","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22292"},{"label":"tree basal area","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22301"},{"label":"vegetation reflectance","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10118"},{"label":"water content","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22309"},{"label":"water parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20945"},{"label":"wind direction","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22317"},{"label":"wind speed","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22319"}]},"infrastructure":{"accessibleAllYear":false,"accessType":null,"allPartsAccessible":false,"maintenanceInterval":null,"permanentPowerSupply":false,"operation":{"permanent":false,"notes":null,"siteVisitInterval":null},"notes":null,"collection":[{"label":"Data portal","uri":null},{"label":"Radio transmission system (repeaters, receivers, centralstation)","uri":null},{"label":"Radio transmission system (repeaters. receivers. centralstation)","uri":null},{"label":"Relational database","uri":null},{"label":"Spatial data file (GIS)","uri":null},{"label":"Spatial database (GIS)","uri":null},{"label":"Structured file","uri":null},{"label":"Telephone line","uri":null},{"label":"XML database","uri":null}],"data":{"policy":{"url":[{"title":null,"value":"https:\/\/lter.jornada.nmsu.edu\/for-researchers\/"}],"rights":["Formal acknowledgement of the dataset providers"],"notes":"We follow the US LTER data access policy:\r\n\r\nThis information is released under the Creative Commons license - Attribution - CC BY (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/). The consumer of these data (\u0022Data User\u0022 herein) has an ethical obligation to cite it appropriately in any publication that results from its use. The Data User should realize that these data may be actively used by others for ongoing research and that coordination may be necessary to prevent duplicate publication. The Data User is urged to contact the authors of these data if any questions about methodology or results occur. Where appropriate, the Data User is encouraged to consider collaboration or co-authorship with the authors. The Data User should realize that misinterpretation of data may occur if used out of context of the original study. While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and associated documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed. All data are made available \u0022as is.\u0022 The Data User should be aware, however, that data are updated periodically and it is the responsibility of the Data User to check for new versions of the data. The data authors and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of the data. Thank you. "}}},"relatedResources":null,"projectRelated":{"lter":{"lterSiteClassification":"ltser"}}}}