{"title":"Postojna-Planina Cave System - Slovenia","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/","suffix":"b5bcf1f8-b905-4190-bb82-12d0d73904d0"},"type":"site","created":"2012-12-25T19:06:49+01:00","changed":"2025-01-07T11:14:56+01:00","attributes":{"affiliation":{"networks":[{"network":{"name":"GERI","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"c3abdc60-49f1-49db-81fe-863b7dbb21d3"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"ILTER","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"1aa7ccb2-a14b-43d6-90ac-5e0a6bc1d65b"}},"siteCode":"LTER_EU_SI_002_001","verified":true},{"network":{"name":"LTER Europe","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"4742ffca-65ac-4aae-815f-83738500a1fc"}},"siteCode":"LTER_EU_SI_002_001","verified":true},{"network":{"name":"LTER Slovenia","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"fda2984f-9aea-4abf-9f6c-c3eca0f82eb8"}},"siteCode":"LTER_EU_SI_002_001","verified":true}],"projects":[{"label":"Natura 2000","uri":"https:\/\/natura2000.eea.europa.eu\/"},{"label":"eLTER (H2020)","uri":"https:\/\/cordis.europa.eu\/project\/id\/654359"},{"label":"eLTER PLUS (H2020) - RA","uri":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3030\/871128"},{"label":"eLTER PLUS (H2020) - TA","uri":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3030\/871128"}]},"contact":{"siteManager":[{"type":"person","name":"Matej Blatnik","email":"matej.blatnik@zrc-sazu.si","orcid":null}],"operatingOrganisation":[{"type":"organisation","name":"Karst Research Institute ZRC SAZU","url":null,"ror":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01ffqaw45"}],"metadataProvider":[{"type":"person","name":"Magdalena Aljan\u010di\u010d","email":"magdalena.aljancic@zrc-sazu.si","orcid":null},{"type":"person","name":"Mitja Prelov\u0161ek","email":"mitja.prelovsek@zrc-sazu.si","orcid":null}],"fundingAgency":null,"siteUrl":[{"title":"LTER Slovenia","value":"http:\/\/lter.zrc-sazu.si\/Introduction\/tabid\/132\/Default.aspx"}]},"general":{"abstract":"Postojnska jama is a part of the Postojna-Planina cave system (PPCS), the most biologically diverse cave in the world. Postojnska jama is a locus typicus of at least 37 animals, among them also cave beetle Leptodirus hochenwarti, the first recognized cave adapted animal. PPCS consisting of 17 and 6 km of passages, respectively, connected by 2 km of flooded corridors, the PPCS has more known species of stygobionts than any other cave or other subterranean site. The sinking river in the main passages is inhabited by a rich assortment of stygobionts, stygophiles, and accidental surface species. Both streams drain a catchment area of over 800 km2. Above the cave passages is the rich epikarst community. Among the 48 stygobionts is the European cave salamander Proteus anguinus anguinus. Both the snail (8 species) and crustacean (16 species) faunas are rich. The marine origin of some of the stygobiotic species is evident in the hydrozoan Velkovrhia enigmatica and the cirolanid isopod Monolistra racovitzae racovitzae. Three species of the amphipod genus Niphargus as well as populations of Asellus aquaticus were isolated in the cave at different times. The Postojna-Planina Cave is one of the best-studied caves in the world, and parts of it have been heavily visited by tourists since 1818. There are currently installed underground meteorological stations, and sites are defined for permanent water and biodiversity  monitoring with the respect to human impact.","citation":null,"relatedIdentifiers":null,"status":{"label":"Operational","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/elter_cl\/10772"},"yearEstablished":2008,"yearClosed":null,"relatedSites":null,"siteName":"Postojna-Planina Cave System","shortName":"PPCS","siteType":"Stationary land-based site","protectionLevel":null,"landUse":null,"images":[{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2022-09\/IMG_3745.JPG","alt":"Planina Cave"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2022-09\/IMG_7007.JPG","alt":"Postojna Cave"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2022-09\/Zguba%20jama_tp.JPG","alt":"Biological sampling of aquatic species"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2022-09\/P1170723.JPG","alt":"Microbioligical sampling for investigation of impact of cave tourism"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2022-09\/IMG_1493.JPG","alt":"Monitoring of cave climate"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2022-09\/IMG_0218.JPG","alt":"Cave diving explorations"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2022-09\/Zel%C5%A1ke%20jame_1.JPG","alt":"Zel\u0161ke jame "},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2022-09\/Planinsko%20polje%20-%204%20letni%20%C4%8Dasi.JPG","alt":"Planina Polje during different seasons of the year"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2022-09\/GozdIS.JPG","alt":"Studying of vegetation characteristics above cave passages of Planina Cave (Slovenian Forestry Institute)"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2022-09\/2.JPG","alt":"Map of known passages of the Postojna-Planina Cave System (Cave Register, 2022)"}]},"environmentalCharacteristics":{"airTemperature":{"yearlyAverage":10,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"\u00b0C","referencePeriod":null},"precipitation":{"yearlyAverage":1800,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"mm","referencePeriod":null},"biogeographicalRegion":"continental","biome":"freshwater_rivers","ecosystemType":[{"label":"Large rivers","uri":null},{"label":"Rivers","uri":null}],"eunisHabitat":[{"label":"Cave entrances (H1.1)","uri":null},{"label":"Cave interiors (H1.2)","uri":null},{"label":"Dark underground passages (H1.3)","uri":null},{"label":"Inland unvegetated or sparsely vegetated habitats (H)","uri":null},{"label":"Terrestrial underground caves, cave systems, passages and waterbodies (H1)","uri":null},{"label":"Underground running waterbodies (H1.6)","uri":null}],"landforms":null,"geoBonBiome":["Fresh water rivers","Terrestrial"],"geology":"The Postojna-Planina Cave System is developed in Cretaceous carbonate rocks. The passages of Postojna Cave are developed in upper Cretaceous mostly bedded and thick-bedded limestones. The Planina Cave System is developed in lower and upper Cretaceous limestone and dolomite.","hydrology":"The PPCS has approximately 23 km of surveyed passage (17 in Postojna Cave and 6 in Planina Cave connected by 2 km of flooded passage) developed in Upper Cretaceous carbonate rocks and overlain mostly by forested land. There are two main cave streams in PPCS which join and eventually resurge to the surface through the Planina Cave entrance at the Unica River. One cave stream is fed by the Pivka River, a moderate-sized river draining approximately 230 km2 of carbonate and flysch which sinks near the Postojna Cave entrance. The other, smaller cave stream (Rak) is a smaller stream fed by multiple sinking streams and groundwater that drains approximately 27 km2 of carbonate and flysch.","soils":null,"vegetation":null},"geographic":{"boundaries":"POLYGON ((14.593957 45.878537, 14.058385 45.878537, 14.058385 45.608407, 14.593957 45.608407, 14.593957 45.878537))","coordinates":"POINT (14.203526 45.782493)","country":["Slovenia"],"elevation":{"avg":680,"min":450,"max":1800,"unit":"msl"},"size":{"value":80000,"unit":"ha"},"relatedLocations":null},"focusDesignScale":{"experiments":{"design":"partly experimentation","scale":"catchment scale"},"observations":{"design":"mainly observation","scale":"plot within catchment"},"observedProperties":[{"label":"DNA sequence","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21400"},{"label":"air temperature","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22035"},{"label":"ammonium content","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10071"},{"label":"animal species abundance","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10336"},{"label":"animal species presence","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22059"},{"label":"atmospheric parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20937"},{"label":"available phosphorus","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22061"},{"label":"bacteria abundance","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22026"},{"label":"bacteria presence","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10122"},{"label":"bacterial diversity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22062"},{"label":"base cations content in water","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21208"},{"label":"biological diversity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21391"},{"label":"biological parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20940"},{"label":"biotic diversity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22069"},{"label":"carbon dioxide concentration","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22082"},{"label":"chemical composition of water","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21213"},{"label":"chemical parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10333"},{"label":"current speed","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/30027"},{"label":"dissolved organic nitrogen","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10125"},{"label":"dissolved organic phosphorus","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22108"},{"label":"ecosystem parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20939"},{"label":"electrical conductivity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21552"},{"label":"faunistic diversity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22119"},{"label":"genetic parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20942"},{"label":"groundwater level","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22126"},{"label":"land cover","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22142"},{"label":"land cover type","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10241"},{"label":"land use","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22143"},{"label":"landscape parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20943"},{"label":"maximum temperature","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21529"},{"label":"mean annual air temperature","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21530"},{"label":"mean annual precipitation","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22166"},{"label":"mean annual temperature","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21531"},{"label":"microbial diversity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22169"},{"label":"minimum temperature","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21532"},{"label":"oxygen saturation","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21215"},{"label":"pH value of water","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21218"},{"label":"physical parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20938"},{"label":"rainfall variability","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21948"},{"label":"relative humidity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21579"},{"label":"river temperature","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10015"},{"label":"species abundance","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10018"},{"label":"species composition","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22285"},{"label":"species list","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22286"},{"label":"species presence","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10081"},{"label":"specific conductivity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22289"},{"label":"water depth","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22310"},{"label":"water parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20945"},{"label":"water temperature","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22313"},{"label":"wind direction","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22317"}]},"infrastructure":{"accessibleAllYear":true,"accessType":"regular car","allPartsAccessible":true,"maintenanceInterval":30,"permanentPowerSupply":true,"operation":{"permanent":true,"notes":null,"siteVisitInterval":1},"notes":null,"collection":[{"label":"1 - 5 beds","uri":null},{"label":"1 place","uri":null},{"label":"Cable based","uri":null},{"label":"Central station(s)","uri":null},{"label":"Daily","uri":null},{"label":"No tower on site","uri":null},{"label":"Other data services","uri":null},{"label":"Spatial data file (GIS)","uri":null},{"label":"Temperature Controlled Container","uri":null},{"label":"Unknown number of beds","uri":null},{"label":"Unstructured file","uri":null},{"label":"Vehicle 4WD","uri":null},{"label":"XML database","uri":null}],"data":{"policy":{"url":null,"rights":["Co-authorship on publications resulting from use of the dataset","The data provider must be offered co-authorship for publications using this dataset at least within the metadata description","Formal acknowledgement of the dataset providers","The opportunity to collaborate on the project using the dataset","Legal permission for dataset use is obtained","Mutual agreement on reciprocal sharing of data"],"notes":null}}},"relatedResources":[{"id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/dataset\/","suffix":"17def2e5-32f7-49b1-a7fe-00b2f45b2b15"},"title":"Spatial variability of temperature in cave system","changed":"2020-01-27T11:55:05+01:00"},{"id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/dataset\/","suffix":"322f0517-5ece-40c3-9dbb-b1cf647db273"},"title":"Temporal variability of temperature in cave 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