{"title":"River Spey at Fochabers - United Kingdom","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/","suffix":"ba32773a-3ea9-425a-bfb5-5f2c7f49cbd2"},"type":"site","created":"2012-12-25T19:03:06+01:00","changed":"2023-07-28T10:26:46+02:00","attributes":{"affiliation":{"networks":[{"network":{"name":"ILTER","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"1aa7ccb2-a14b-43d6-90ac-5e0a6bc1d65b"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"LTER Europe","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"4742ffca-65ac-4aae-815f-83738500a1fc"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"UK ECN","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"a197664f-569e-4df6-933a-86de676dbfc5"}},"siteCode":"LTER_EU_UK_032","verified":true}],"projects":null},"contact":{"siteManager":[{"type":"person","name":"Andrew Sier [Primary ECN contact]","email":"arjs@ceh.ac.uk","orcid":null}],"operatingOrganisation":null,"metadataProvider":[{"type":"person","name":"Andrew Sier [Primary ECN contact]","email":"arjs@ceh.ac.uk","orcid":null},{"type":"person","name":"Caroline Dilks","email":"caroline.dilks@sepa.org.uk","orcid":null}],"fundingAgency":null,"siteUrl":[{"title":"ECN website","value":"https:\/\/ecn.ac.uk\/"}]},"general":{"abstract":"UK ECN site. The River Spey rises in the high ground of the Grampian Mountains and flows in a north easterly direction towards the Moray Firth. It drains a relatively large catchment of 3008 km2 with a stream network of 36400 km, of which the main river comprises 157km. The upper part of the catchment is characterised by its mountain wilderness regions, sheep farming and tourism, whilst in the lower catchment these are complemented by the distilling industry, cattle and arable farming and related industries. There is restricted commercial forestry on the narrow valley bottoms and steep sided hills of the upper catchment, but as the valley floor widens it becomes much more extensive (16% of total catchment land use). Most of the Spey Catchment is underlain by metamorphic rocks of the Cambrian Period and these are intruded at a number of places by granite plutons and are overlain at the northern end of the catchment by Devonian sandstone. For most of its length the River Spey flows through a wide alluvial plain composed of silts, sand and waterborne pebbles. The catchment is of great conservation value with 27 designated Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) including various woodland, wetland and montane habitats, fossil sites, and various geomorphological features. The river itself is designated an SSSI at the Insh Marshes, at the lower section downstream of Fochabers for its unique active braided channel and associated habitats, and at Spey Bay which is of prime importance in the field of coastal geomorphology. The River Spey is renowned for its salmon fishing, commercially important to the local economy. The salmon fishery is the subject of much research and fisheries management activity.","citation":null,"relatedIdentifiers":null,"status":{"label":"Operational","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/elter_cl\/10772"},"yearEstablished":1994,"yearClosed":null,"relatedSites":null,"siteName":"River Spey at Fochabers","shortName":"R15","siteType":"Stationary land-based site","protectionLevel":null,"landUse":null,"images":null},"environmentalCharacteristics":{"airTemperature":{"yearlyAverage":7.63,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"\u00b0C","referencePeriod":null},"precipitation":{"yearlyAverage":818.9,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"mm","referencePeriod":null},"biogeographicalRegion":"atlantic","biome":"freshwater_rivers","ecosystemType":[{"label":"Fresh Water Rivers","uri":null},{"label":"Large rivers","uri":null},{"label":"Rivers","uri":null}],"eunisHabitat":[{"label":"Inland surface waters (C)","uri":null},{"label":"Surface running waters (C2)","uri":null}],"landforms":null,"geoBonBiome":["Fresh water rivers"],"geology":"Most of the Spey Catchment is underlain by metamorphic rocks of the Cambrian Period and these are intruded at a number of places by granite plutons and are overlain at the northern end of the catchment by Devonian sandstone.","hydrology":"The River Spey rises in the high ground of the Grampian Mountains and flows in a north easterly direction towards the Moray Firth. It drains a relatively large catchment of 3008 km2 with a stream network of 36400 km, of which the main river comprises 157km. The upper part of the catchment is characterised by its mountain wilderness regions, sheep farming and tourism, whilst in the lower catchment these are complemented by the distilling industry, cattle and arable farming and related industries. There is restricted commercial forestry on the narrow valley bottoms and steep sided hills of the upper catchment, but as the valley floor widens it becomes much more extensive (16% of total catchment land use).","soils":"For most of its length the River Spey flows through a wide alluvial plain composed of silts, sand and waterborne pebbles.","vegetation":"Grazed and ungrazed grasslands. Arable farming. Commercial forestry"},"geographic":{"boundaries":"POLYGON ((-3.2407387122056 57.578130099697, -3.2407081494518 57.577232052696, -3.2390364334292 57.577248459496, -3.2390059136367 57.576350411791, -3.2373342369588 57.57636679591, -3.2356625584762 57.576383157916, -3.2322888427203 57.575517765488, -3.2289455554617 57.575550333578, -3.2272739091427 57.575566584453, -3.2256022610336 57.575582813213, -3.2239306111372 57.57559901986, -3.2222589594557 57.575615204394, -3.2188856283434 57.574749452415, -3.2171840329901 57.573867514654, -3.2154825199274 57.572985553533, -3.2138109827972 57.573001625836, -3.2121095913923 57.572119618692, -3.210408282269 57.571237588194, -3.2087368221181 57.571253593059, -3.2087070554228 57.570355534344, -3.2053642121115 57.570387476642, -3.2036927878184 57.570403414627, -3.2020213617705 57.570419330501, -3.2019917613786 57.569521269451, -3.2002908172075 57.568639100933, -3.2002612614509 57.567741039059, -3.1969186474027 57.567772756982, -3.1952473377602 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