{"title":"Yatir (YTR), LTSER Northern Negev - Israel","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/","suffix":"bf2cb8dd-0d38-419b-aa9c-7d53337bd98e"},"type":"site","created":"2013-12-02T18:54:46+01:00","changed":"2025-01-07T11:14:56+01:00","attributes":{"affiliation":{"networks":[{"network":{"name":"GERI","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"c3abdc60-49f1-49db-81fe-863b7dbb21d3"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"ILTER","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"1aa7ccb2-a14b-43d6-90ac-5e0a6bc1d65b"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"LTER Europe","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"4742ffca-65ac-4aae-815f-83738500a1fc"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"LTER Israel","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"e0f680c2-22b1-4424-bf54-58aa9b7476a0"}},"siteCode":"LTER_EU_IL_014","verified":true}],"projects":[{"label":"ExpeER","uri":"https:\/\/www.expeeronline.eu\/"},{"label":"FLUXNet","uri":"https:\/\/fluxnet.org\/"}]},"contact":{"siteManager":[{"type":"person","name":"Dan Yakir","email":"dan.yakir@weizmann.ac.il","orcid":null}],"operatingOrganisation":null,"metadataProvider":[{"type":"person","name":"Dan Yakir","email":"dan.yakir@weizmann.ac.il","orcid":null}],"fundingAgency":null,"siteUrl":[{"title":null,"value":"http:\/\/www.weizmann.ac.il\/EPS\/Yakir\/"},{"title":"LTER - ISRAEL","value":"http:\/\/lter-israel.org.il\/"}]},"general":{"abstract":"The Yatir Research site was set up in 2000 at the center of the Yatir Forest, a 2\u0027800 ha afforestation system of mainly P. halepensis trees, and is located on the southern end of the Hebron mountain range and at the northern edge of the Negev desert  (31\u00b0 20\u2019 N; 35\u00b0 3\u2019 E; elevation 600 to 850 meters above sea level). Most of the area was planted during the 1960s-1970s. The site is located in the transition zone between the semi-arid and arid Mediterranean climates. Average air temperature for January and July is 10 and 25\u00b0C, respectively. Mean annual potential ET is 1600 mm, and mean annual precipitation is 285 mm. Only winter precipitation occurs in this region, creating a distinctive wet season (winter, December to March) and an extended dry season (summer, June to October), with short transition periods between them: a wetting season (autumn) and a drying season (spring). Research in the site mainly focuses on ecophysiology and ecohydrology, energy, carbon and water budgets, influence of stand density (through manipulation experiments), boundary layer dynamics and ecosystem interactions with the climate.","citation":null,"relatedIdentifiers":null,"status":{"label":"Operational","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/elter_cl\/10772"},"yearEstablished":2000,"yearClosed":null,"relatedSites":[{"typeOfRelationship":{"label":"belongs to","uri":"null"},"listOfSites":[{"type":"site","title":"LTSER Northern Negev - Israel","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/","suffix":"871a90b2-e372-456a-93e3-518ad1e11239"},"changed":"2025-01-07T11:14:56+0100"}]}],"siteName":"Yatir (YTR), LTSER Northern Negev","shortName":"Yatir","siteType":"Stationary land-based site","protectionLevel":null,"landUse":null,"images":[{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/b001.jpg","alt":"not defined"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/b002.jpg","alt":"not defined"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/b003.jpg","alt":"not defined"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/b004.jpg","alt":"not defined"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/b005.jpg","alt":"not defined"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/b006.jpg","alt":"not defined"}]},"environmentalCharacteristics":{"airTemperature":{"yearlyAverage":18.2,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"\u00b0C","referencePeriod":null},"precipitation":{"yearlyAverage":285,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"mm","referencePeriod":null},"biogeographicalRegion":null,"biome":"evergreen_forest","ecosystemType":[{"label":"Evergreen Forest","uri":null},{"label":"Forest","uri":null},{"label":"Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub","uri":null}],"eunisHabitat":[{"label":"Coniferous woodland (G3)","uri":null},{"label":"Lowland to montane mediterranean pine woodland (excluding black pine [Pinus nigra]) (G3.7)","uri":null},{"label":"Subalpine mediterranean pine woodland (G3.6)","uri":null},{"label":"Woodland, forest and other wooded land (G)","uri":null}],"landforms":null,"geoBonBiome":null,"geology":"The site has a chalk and limestone bedrock.","hydrology":"While the natural rocky hill slopes in the region are known to create flash floods, the forested plantation reduces runoff dramatically, to less than 5% of rainfall. Groundwater is deep (\u003E300 m), reducing the possibility of groundwater recharge due to negative hydraulic conductivity or of water uptake by trees from the groundwater.","soils":"The soil at the research site is shallow (20?40 cm) Aeolianorigin loess with clay-loam texture (31% sand, 41% silt and 28% clay; density: 1.65 g\/cm3) overlying chalk and limestone bedrock.","vegetation":"The forest is dominated by Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.), with smaller proportions of other pine species and cypress and with little understory vegetation (understory aboveground biomass "},"geographic":{"boundaries":"MULTIPOLYGON (((35.052287327472 31.338552162215, 35.052033362814 31.33814205936, 35.050989929259 31.338668351546, 35.051269310715 31.339047729904, 35.051635298182 31.338863945504, 35.051978622675 31.339392961751, 35.051985057763 31.339403088289, 35.052345236867 31.339969837359, 35.052373282964 31.339956706472, 35.052092717342 31.340112135792, 35.052448118314 31.340657792778, 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