{"title":"Lago di Candia - Italy","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/","suffix":"c7fe4203-24b1-4d11-a573-99b99204fede"},"type":"site","created":"2012-12-25T18:57:08+01:00","changed":"2025-01-07T11:14:56+01:00","attributes":{"affiliation":{"networks":[{"network":{"name":"GERI","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"c3abdc60-49f1-49db-81fe-863b7dbb21d3"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"ILTER","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"1aa7ccb2-a14b-43d6-90ac-5e0a6bc1d65b"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"LTER Europe","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"4742ffca-65ac-4aae-815f-83738500a1fc"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"LTER Italia (Italy)","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"7fef6b73-e5cb-4cd2-b438-ed32eb1504b3"}},"siteCode":"LTER_EU_IT_043","verified":true}],"projects":[{"label":"Water Framework Directive (2000\/60\/EC)","uri":"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/environment\/water\/water-framework\/index_en.html"}]},"contact":{"siteManager":[{"type":"person","name":"Marzia Ciampittiello","email":"marzia.ciampittiello@irsa.cnr.it","orcid":null}],"operatingOrganisation":[{"type":"organisation","name":"CNR - Water Research Institute (IRSA)","url":"http:\/\/www.irsa.cnr.it","ror":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02db0kh50"}],"metadataProvider":[{"type":"person","name":"Alessandro Oggioni","email":"oggioni.a@irea.cnr.it","orcid":" https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7997-219X"},{"type":"person","name":"Giuseppe Morabito","email":"g.morabito@ise.cnr.it","orcid":null}],"fundingAgency":null,"siteUrl":[{"title":"LTER-Italy website","value":"http:\/\/www.lteritalia.it\/"}]},"general":{"abstract":"Lake Candia is a small and shallow lake, located in North-Westerm Italy. The mean elevation is 226 m a.s.l., the surface is 1,5 km\u00b2, the max depth 7,7 m, the mean depth 4,7 m and the volume 0,007 km3. Lake Candia has suffered during its evolution a natural increase of its trophic state, undergoing a process of eutrophication culminated with a marked worsening of his ecological quality since the \u002760s. In the late \u002770s and mid \u002780s, this ecosystem was affected by fish mortality episodes and by the enormous development of emerged and submerged aquatic macrophytes. The systematic scientific study of Lake Candia began in 1985, when the CNR of Verbania was asked to perform a limnological research with the aim to propose a possible restoration intervention. In addition to the control of pollution sources from the basin, environmentally sound technologies were applied to reduce the effects of eutrophication, such as biomanipulation of the aquatic food chain and macrophyte control and management.The experiment conducted in Lake Candia has shown that significant improvements can be achieved through the management of a specific key components of the biocenosis of the lake.\r\nData collection activities on hydrochemistry, phytoplankton, zooplankton, fish fauna, macrophytes, as well as physical limnology, took place from 1986 until 2012. To date, only hydrometeorological data collection (precipitation, air temperature, wind, solar radiation and lake levels), started in 1987, is active.\r\nLTER specific topics are: Long-term analysis of changes in community functional diversity of phyto-and zooplankton. Evaluation of the lake ecosystem response to short and intense rainfall events, in relation to the increase of nutrients input through runoff.","citation":null,"relatedIdentifiers":null,"status":{"label":"Operational","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/elter_cl\/10772"},"yearEstablished":1985,"yearClosed":null,"relatedSites":[{"typeOfRelationship":{"label":"belongs to","uri":"null"},"listOfSites":[{"type":"site","title":"IT08-Southern Alpine Lakes - Italy","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/","suffix":"8ffe6c61-5473-4e56-9a6e-827baad941e5"},"changed":"2023-07-24T13:07:51+0200"}]}],"siteName":"Lago di Candia","shortName":"Lake Candia","siteType":"Stationary land-based site","protectionLevel":[{"label":"Category IV \u2013 Habitat\/Species Management Area","uri":"http:\/\/dd.eionet.europa.eu\/vocabularyconcept\/cdda\/IucnCategoryValue\/IV"}],"landUse":null,"images":[{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/foto%2520aerea%2520Lago%2520Candia.jpg","alt":"Aerial view"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2023-10\/P7250004.JPG","alt":"Hydro-meteorological station"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2023-10\/P7250048.JPG","alt":"Bushes and shrubs and poplars plantations"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2023-10\/P7250079.JPG","alt":"Reeds and water chestunts"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2023-10\/P7250146.JPG","alt":"Basin around the lake"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2023-10\/P7250266.JPG","alt":"Human activities"}]},"environmentalCharacteristics":{"airTemperature":{"yearlyAverage":11.98,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"\u00b0C","referencePeriod":null},"precipitation":{"yearlyAverage":833.2,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"mm","referencePeriod":null},"biogeographicalRegion":"continental","biome":"freshwater_lakes","ecosystemType":[{"label":"Alpine","uri":null},{"label":"Fresh Water Lakes","uri":null},{"label":"Lakes","uri":null},{"label":"Small lakes","uri":null}],"eunisHabitat":[{"label":"Inland surface waters (C)","uri":null},{"label":"Permanent eutrophic lakes, ponds and pools (C1.3)","uri":null},{"label":"Surface standing waters (C1)","uri":null}],"landforms":null,"geoBonBiome":["Fresh water lakes"],"geology":"calcareous","hydrology":"Lake is fed mainly through groundwater, precipitation and runoff.","soils":null,"vegetation":null},"geographic":{"boundaries":"POLYGON ((7.898575651541 45.322398128333, 7.8985655936779 45.322500723363, 7.8985368837886 45.322757491679, 7.8985702619328 45.322983125773, 7.8985941152788 45.323144371809, 7.898648084931 45.323260277906, 7.8987213783404 45.323375057994, 7.898707491809 45.323423595286, 7.8986379407586 45.323447623033, 7.8985600903772 45.323458608463, 7.8984658717933 45.323455743697, 7.8983966792765 45.323449208178, 7.8983411205707 45.323454540365, 7.8982937648739 45.323465819774, 7.8982377891131 45.32349266431, 7.8982720086641 45.323586884275, 7.8983219850854 45.32358345431, 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