{"title":"Herdade da Ribeira Abaixo - Portugal","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/","suffix":"c887da3c-776c-4b42-a5be-7dd69c26f27b"},"type":"site","created":"2012-12-25T19:09:28+01:00","changed":"2025-01-07T11:14:56+01:00","attributes":{"affiliation":{"networks":[{"network":{"name":"GERI","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"c3abdc60-49f1-49db-81fe-863b7dbb21d3"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"ILTER","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"1aa7ccb2-a14b-43d6-90ac-5e0a6bc1d65b"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"LTER Europe","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"4742ffca-65ac-4aae-815f-83738500a1fc"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"LTER Portugal","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"d8eb4823-b707-4590-94d8-d90c1d07d6f8"}},"siteCode":"LTER_EU_PT_003","verified":true}],"projects":null},"contact":{"siteManager":[{"type":"person","name":"Margarida Santos-Reis","email":"mmreis@fc.ul.pt","orcid":null}],"operatingOrganisation":[{"type":"organisation","name":"cE3c- Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade de Lisboa","url":"http:\/\/ce3c.ciencias.ulisboa.pt","ror":null}],"metadataProvider":[{"type":"person","name":"Margarida Santos-Reis","email":"mmreis@fc.ul.pt","orcid":null}],"fundingAgency":[{"type":"organisation","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)","url":"http:\/\/www.fct.pt","ror":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00snfqn58"}],"siteUrl":[{"title":"LTsER Montado Platform","value":"http:\/\/www.ltsermontado.pt\/?q=LTER_EU_PT_003"}]},"general":{"abstract":"Herdade da Ribeira Abaixo is one of the six research and monitoring stations of LTER-Montado, an umbrella site located in the Alentejo province in south Portugal (southwestern Iberia). The \u0022Montado\u0022 represents an unique agro-silvo-pastoral ecosystem (named \u0022dehesa\u0022 in Spain) found only in the Mediterranean basin. These savannah-like landscapes are dominated by evergreen cork and\/or holm oaks and were shaped over millennia of traditional land use practices. These multi-use forests are two-layered systems that combine, in a single space, forest harvesting, extensive livestock husbandry, pastures and\/or cereal cultivation (the most evident economical revenues), with other traditional uses (hunting, beekeeping and mushroom picking). Recently, increasing awareness arose on their benefits as biodiversity reservoirs, recreation grounds, and other ecosystem services providers, but these non-productive functions are not equally perceived and valued by users, as they tend to be conflicting with productive ones.\r\nHerdade da Ribeira Abaixo  is a state property, located on the left bank of Sado River, in Baixo Alentejo province, 100 km south of Lisbon and 7 km from Gr\u00e2ndola (38.06\u00b0 N \u2013 8.35\u00b0W). Cork oak (Quercus suber) is the dominant tree type, with an average of 43 adult trees per hectare. Since 1990, there is a single main economic output - cork, which is harvested in a 9-year cycle, with an average production of 450 kg (dry weight) per hectare per year. Since 1998, cattle herding was abandoned and substituted by sheep, with an average stocking of 0.1 animals per hectare. Recently (2003 and 2004) the property was subject to management actions aiming to foster the natural regeneration of cork oaks; cork oak saplings were also planted in a recently burned area. The shrub layer is cleared heterogeneously across the property every 4-5 years. A serious tree decline is observed, especially in the high plateaus. Natural regeneration is not uniform, being concentrated in north facing slopes with a dense shrub layer. Ovine grazing, though of low intensity, is partly responsible for lack of regeneration. Holm oaks are rare in the property, but are increasing. Parts of the property were burnt repeatedly (the more recent fires happened in 2001 and 2003); however some of the north facing slopes maintain a luxurious mixed oak forest and were not burnt in the last 30 years. In these areas, shrub cover and height are increasing.\r\n","citation":null,"relatedIdentifiers":null,"status":{"label":"Operational","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/elter_cl\/10772"},"yearEstablished":2011,"yearClosed":null,"relatedSites":[{"typeOfRelationship":{"label":"belongs to","uri":"null"},"listOfSites":[{"type":"site","title":"LTsER-Montado - Portugal","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/","suffix":"ecfcc7e2-82e5-4ec1-adee-a3f9f815fc0d"},"changed":"2025-01-07T11:14:56+0100"}]}],"siteName":"Herdade da Ribeira Abaixo","shortName":"Montado 01_HRA","siteType":"Stationary land-based site","protectionLevel":null,"landUse":null,"images":[{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/P1010039_HRAA1.JPG","alt":"not defined"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/P1010106_HRAA2.JPG","alt":"not defined"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/P1010107_HRAA3.JPG","alt":"not defined"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/out2014_HRA%2520%25281%2529.JPG","alt":"not defined"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/out2014_HRA%2520%25284%2529.JPG","alt":"not defined"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/out2014_HRA_S6%2520%252888%2529.JPG","alt":"not defined"}]},"environmentalCharacteristics":{"airTemperature":{"yearlyAverage":16,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"\u00b0C","referencePeriod":null},"precipitation":{"yearlyAverage":500,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"mm","referencePeriod":null},"biogeographicalRegion":"mediterranean","biome":"evergreen_forest","ecosystemType":[{"label":"Agricultural","uri":null},{"label":"Forest","uri":null},{"label":"Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub","uri":null},{"label":"Rivers","uri":null},{"label":"Small rivers","uri":null}],"eunisHabitat":[{"label":"Broadleaved evergreen woodland (G2)","uri":null},{"label":"Mediterranean evergreen oak woodland (G2.1)","uri":null},{"label":"Woodland, forest and other wooded land (G)","uri":null}],"landforms":null,"geoBonBiome":["Fresh water rivers","Terrestrial"],"geology":"The property lies in the western limit of the hercinic schists of the Paleozoic. Slopes between 5% and 10% (1\/3 of the property) and from 20 to 45% (2\/3 of the property).","hydrology":null,"soils":"The main soil type is a skeletal lithosol.","vegetation":"Cork oak (Quercus suber) woodland."},"geographic":{"boundaries":"POLYGON ((-8.5698030673644 38.115165163199, -8.5698113326112 38.114995432317, -8.5698458527308 38.114829730296, -8.5699011970466 38.114683164258, -8.5699725104065 38.11451613244, -8.5700155973961 38.114344109378, -8.570022471013 38.114172411569, -8.5699919521534 38.11399592944, -8.5699366364376 38.11384294562, -8.5698635651203 38.113715791934, -8.5697278945252 38.113552272544, -8.5695441260561 38.113416728357, -8.5693908520934 38.113345728055, -8.5692844920919 38.113287823232, -8.5691299990243 38.113192525769, -8.5690166896928 38.113109506114, -8.5688967779042 38.113008737322, -8.5687763361261 38.112882860423, -8.5687015975587 38.112794846723, -8.5686365220848 38.112702482018, -8.5685671604735 38.112592438534, -8.5685003114561 38.112463127298, 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catchment"},"observedProperties":[{"label":"agricultural parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20936"},{"label":"air humidity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22032"},{"label":"air temperature","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22035"},{"label":"atmospheric parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20937"},{"label":"biological parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20940"},{"label":"birds presence","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10082"},{"label":"canopy cover rate","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22076"},{"label":"diversity index","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21513"},{"label":"ecosystem parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20939"},{"label":"ecosystem structure","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21475"},{"label":"faunistic 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intensity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22204"},{"label":"solar radiation","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22284"},{"label":"species abundance","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10018"},{"label":"species composition","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22285"},{"label":"species list","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22286"},{"label":"species presence","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10081"},{"label":"species turnover","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22288"},{"label":"tree diameter at breast height","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22304"},{"label":"vegetation layer composition","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22307"},{"label":"vegetation layer structure","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21480"},{"label":"vegetation layer type","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22308"},{"label":"wind speed","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22319"}]},"infrastructure":{"accessibleAllYear":true,"accessType":"dirt road  (4WD)","allPartsAccessible":true,"maintenanceInterval":null,"permanentPowerSupply":true,"operation":{"permanent":false,"notes":null,"siteVisitInterval":60},"notes":"The value is a rough estimate of infrastructures used.","collection":[{"label":"\u003E 10 beds","uri":null},{"label":"\u003E 5 places","uri":null},{"label":"Central station(s)","uri":null},{"label":"No data transmission from site","uri":null},{"label":"No tower on site","uri":null},{"label":"No within site data transmission","uri":null},{"label":"Paper","uri":null},{"label":"Spatial data file (GIS)","uri":null},{"label":"Structured file","uri":null}],"data":{"policy":{"url":null,"rights":["Formal acknowledgement of the dataset providers","The opportunity to collaborate on the project using the dataset","The dataset provider is given a complete list of all products that make use of the dataset","Legal permission for dataset use is obtained"],"notes":null}}},"relatedResources":[{"id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/dataset\/","suffix":"d3975dc4-c99a-11e4-8676-005056ab003f"},"title":"Rainfall in Herdade da Ribeira Abaixo R\u0026M LTsER Montado","changed":"2020-02-20T09:44:09+01:00"},{"id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/dataset\/","suffix":"c73614ba-c99c-11e4-8676-005056ab003f"},"title":"Air Humidity in Herdade da Ribeira Abaixo R\u0026M LTsER Montado","changed":"2020-02-11T10:35:29+01:00"},{"id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/dataset\/","suffix":"492ac7d3-04df-4cae-862d-864673d5ff6c"},"title":"Daily meteorological data for Herdade da Ribeira Abaixo (LTER_EU_PT_003) (LTsER Montado parent site)","changed":"2019-12-20T13:21:59+01:00"}],"projectRelated":{"lter":{"lterSiteClassification":"Regular Site"}}}}