{"title":"Lake Trasimeno - Italy","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/","suffix":"c93c97fb-196e-480a-87b0-817218cd7c24"},"type":"site","created":"2013-12-06T19:17:36+01:00","changed":"2025-01-07T11:14:56+01:00","attributes":{"affiliation":{"networks":[{"network":{"name":"GERI","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"c3abdc60-49f1-49db-81fe-863b7dbb21d3"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"ILTER","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"1aa7ccb2-a14b-43d6-90ac-5e0a6bc1d65b"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"LTER Europe","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"4742ffca-65ac-4aae-815f-83738500a1fc"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"LTER Italia (Italy)","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"7fef6b73-e5cb-4cd2-b438-ed32eb1504b3"}},"siteCode":"LTER_EU_IT_096_001","verified":true}],"projects":null},"contact":{"siteManager":[{"type":"person","name":"Alessandro Ludovisi","email":"alessandro.ludovisi@unipg.it","orcid":null}],"operatingOrganisation":null,"metadataProvider":[{"type":"person","name":"Alessandro Ludovisi","email":"alessandro.ludovisi@unipg.it","orcid":null},{"type":"person","name":"Alessandro Oggioni","email":"oggioni.a@irea.cnr.it","orcid":" https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7997-219X"}],"fundingAgency":null,"siteUrl":[{"title":"LTER-Italy website","value":"http:\/\/www.lteritalia.it\/"}]},"general":{"abstract":"Lake Trasimeno (Umbria, Italy) is a shallow meso-eutrophic lake of a remarkable naturalistic importance (Natura 2000 site, S.C.I., S.P.Z. and Regional Park). Despite its large extension, the lake is very shallow and its bathymetry very smooth, with a maximum nominal depth of 6.3 m, which can only be reached when the water level exceeds the artificial outlet threshold located at 257.50 m a.s.l.","citation":null,"relatedIdentifiers":null,"status":{"label":"Operational","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/elter_cl\/10772"},"yearEstablished":1960,"yearClosed":null,"relatedSites":null,"siteName":"Lake Trasimeno","shortName":"LTras","siteType":"Stationary land-based site","protectionLevel":[{"label":"Category IV \u2013 Habitat\/Species Management Area","uri":"http:\/\/dd.eionet.europa.eu\/vocabularyconcept\/cdda\/IucnCategoryValue\/IV"}],"landUse":[{"label":"aquaculture and fishing","uri":"https:\/\/inspire.ec.europa.eu\/codelist\/HILUCSValue\/1_4_AquacultureAndFishing"},{"label":"primary production","uri":"https:\/\/inspire.ec.europa.eu\/codelist\/HILUCSValue\/1_PrimaryProduction"},{"label":"professional fishing","uri":"https:\/\/inspire.ec.europa.eu\/codelist\/HILUCSValue\/1_4_2_ProfessionalFishing"}],"images":[{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/foto_trasimeno.jpg","alt":"Lake Trasimeno view"}]},"environmentalCharacteristics":{"airTemperature":{"yearlyAverage":14.2,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"\u00b0C","referencePeriod":null},"precipitation":{"yearlyAverage":650,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"mm","referencePeriod":null},"biogeographicalRegion":"mediterranean","biome":"freshwater_lakes","ecosystemType":[{"label":"Fresh Water Lakes","uri":null},{"label":"Lakes","uri":null},{"label":"Large lakes","uri":null}],"eunisHabitat":[{"label":"Inland surface waters (C)","uri":null},{"label":"Surface standing waters (C1)","uri":null}],"landforms":null,"geoBonBiome":["Fresh water lakes"],"geology":"Lake Trasimeno has a tectonic origin. The catchment basin of the lake lies over a substratum of low permeability (turbidite), covered by Plio-Pleistocene and Holocene deposits, with a high content of carbonate minerals.","hydrology":"Because of small extension of the cathment basin relatively to the lake area, the water balance of the lake is strongly affected by the pluviometric regime and annual water inflows are frequently lower than evaporation losses. The strict dependence of the water balance on meteorological conditions has caused dramatic floods and droughts over the centuries and human interventions have been made in order to regulate the lake level since Etruscan or Roman times. Starting from the Middle Ages, there is a fair amount of documentation on works regarding the hydraulic regulation of the lake. The outlet restructuring, completed at the end of the 19th century, gave inception to a progressive lowering of the lake level which led to a dramatic crisis of the 1950s, to which contributed several variations of the artificial outlet threshold. The enlargement of the catchment basin performed in 1957-62, allowed the lake to rapidly recover from drought. The decreasing trend of precipitation and the increasing trend of temperature recorded in Central Italy during the last decades caused a new phase of low level. This hydrological change has been accompanied by significant modifications of the general environmental conditions: a progressive accumulation of dissolved salts, a significant increase of the total alkalinity and a reduction in the water transparency have been observed in the lake during the drought phases experienced in the last fifty years. Details and data about changes in meteorological and water quality variables can be found in Ludovisi \u0026 Gaino (2010).","soils":null,"vegetation":null},"geographic":{"boundaries":"MULTIPOLYGON (((12.141037609232 43.184479165822, 12.141460472493 43.184788280791, 12.141652750911 43.184874634865, 12.141869246927 43.184822864354, 12.142214320134 43.184836287968, 12.142302237795 43.184719322134, 12.142423767753 43.184647251632, 12.142581259491 43.18466583127, 12.142712186794 43.184776780142, 12.142777063247 43.184820815788, 12.142771189486 43.18470642851, 12.142892718837 43.184634357526, 12.143018947246 43.184653796225, 12.14320770254 43.184671515283, 12.143340980881 43.184828218286, 12.143655965789 43.184865374766, 12.144031127573 43.184855055553, 12.144307797471 43.184755805651, 12.144493027149 43.184704890304, 12.144862310008 43.184580181327, 12.146196046831 43.18433728805, 12.147218318719 43.184125865751, 12.148079561903 43.183827230647, 12.148872386195 43.183415925261, 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