{"title":"Thermophilous forests - Czechia","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/","suffix":"cab52f2d-2626-41b3-868c-e64aaaa11e91"},"type":"site","created":"2020-01-14T17:09:04+01:00","changed":"2022-01-31T16:03:54+01:00","attributes":{"affiliation":{"networks":[{"network":{"name":"CZ-LTER","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"0a5cf43b-2e31-4348-803c-e45f2ff7d27a"}},"siteCode":"LTER_EU_CZ_018","verified":true},{"network":{"name":"EuroMAB","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"ea4aa6ab-115f-4801-b59f-fcb90b918371"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":false},{"network":{"name":"ILTER","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"1aa7ccb2-a14b-43d6-90ac-5e0a6bc1d65b"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"LTER Europe","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"4742ffca-65ac-4aae-815f-83738500a1fc"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true}],"projects":null},"contact":{"siteManager":[{"type":"person","name":"Radim H\u00e9dl","email":"radim.hedl@ibot.cas.cz","orcid":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6040-8126"}],"operatingOrganisation":[{"type":"organisation","name":"Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences","url":"http:\/\/www.ibot.cas.cz","ror":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03qqnc658"},{"type":"organisation","name":"Landscape Research Institute","url":"http:\/\/www.vukoz.cz","ror":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04gf11d56"}],"metadataProvider":[{"type":"person","name":"Radim H\u00e9dl","email":"radim.hedl@ibot.cas.cz","orcid":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6040-8126"}],"fundingAgency":[{"type":"organisation","name":"Czech Science Foundation (GACR)","url":"https:\/\/gacr.cz\/en\/","ror":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01pv73b02"}],"siteUrl":null},"general":{"abstract":"LTER plot Thermophilous forests includes five regions and sixteen localities in Central Bohemia and Southern Moravia, where ecosystems of thermophilous forests, including adjacent natural treeless vegetation, have been studied for a long time. The monitoring is run jointly by the Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences (coordination R. H\u00e9dl) and the Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening (coordination D. Adam).\r\n\r\nThe main focus is on the plant community, including trees and herbs, which are monitored by using sets of permanent plots, or as continuous forest stands. Data are collected at the level of individuals (plants), plant communities (species composition and biodiversity) and ecosystem (soil, canopy, microclimate and other variables). The backbone of the monitoring system consists of nearly 500 long-term monitoring plots. These are supplemented by several dozens of short-term monitoring plots, and historical plots resurveyed only once after several decades.\r\n\r\nThe monitored forest stands share similar natural conditions and management history. They cover a wide range of thermophilous forest communities, mainly thermophilous oak-hornbeam forests, various types of oak and ravine forests, occasionally beech forests and the adjacent open habitats (rocky steppes).\r\n\r\nThe dominant type of management was coppicing in most sites, mainly as coppices-with-standards. The historical management was abandoned during the 19th and early 20th centuries, and the monitored ecosystems were managed with a decreasing intensity in about the past half a century. Some of the localities or their parts are subject of non-intervention regime at present. This has affected the age of the forest stands, which has increased by several times. Today, many stands are 100+ years old.\r\n\r\nAll monitored localities are parts of conservation areas, often multiple combinations - national nature reserves (NNR), national nature monuments (NNM), nature reserves (NR), national park (NP), protected landscape area (PLA), EU Site of Community Importance (SCI). The main strategy of the nature conservation is the management reduction at most sites. In several cases, however, restoration of the traditional ways of forest management has been introduced in the past years.\r\n\r\nThe Thermophilous forests site consists of the following five areas and sixteen localities:\r\n\r\n1. K\u0159ivokl\u00e1tsko Protected Landscape Area\r\n\r\nMonitoring of the dynamics of tree communities (including 3D scanning), vegetation including the communities of vascular plants, fungi, saproxylic beetles and soil processes. Data are available from 1976, 1999, 2004 and annually since 2004 (localities Velk\u00e1 Ple\u0161 and T\u00fd\u0159ov), or since 1993 (locality \u010cerven\u00fd k\u0159\u00ed\u017e)\r\n- Velk\u00e1 Ple\u0161: 10 ha of continuous forest stand monitoring, 400 microplots (20 x 20 cm) and monitoring of game impact on rocky steppes (ple\u0161e = balds).\r\n- T\u00fd\u0159ov: 400 microplots (20 x 20 cm) in xerothermic treeless habitats and in enclosures.\r\n- \u010cerven\u00fd k\u0159\u00ed\u017e: focus on the impact of game on the diversity of plant communities.\r\n\r\n2. \u010cesk\u00fd kras Protected Landscape Area\r\n\r\nMonitoring of the dynamics of plant communities, soil and tree overstory in five-year intervals, using a network of 190 permanent plots. Microclimatic measurements in part of the plots. Data from 2005, 2009, 2014, 2019. Focus on the tree dynamics at one locality (Doutn\u00e1\u010d). Part of the area left for spontaneous development, part subject of the traditional management restoration. Additionally, 57 historical vegetation plots resurveyed after 50 years.\r\n- Karl\u0161tejn NNR: three localities Prost\u0159edn\u00ed vrch, Vysok\u00e1 str\u00e1\u0148 and Doutn\u00e1\u010d; collective area 166 ha.\r\n- Koda NNR: three localities Tobolsk\u00fd vrch, Za l\u00edpou and Kodsk\u00e1 st\u011bna, collective area 95 ha.\r\n\r\n3. Podyj\u00ed National Park\r\n\r\nMonitoring of the dynamics of several forest ecosystem components, focusing on natural processes and the restoration of traditional management forms. Continuously measured tree stands, yearly monitoring of plant communities, invertebrates, bryophytes, snails, fungi and soil variables by using a network of plots. Data available from 2010 and 2014-onwards. A network of 50 permanent plots with five-year monitoring interval was established in 2018.\r\n- Four localities in the eastern part of the national park: Lipina, \u0160obes, Popice and Hnanice, collective area 309 ha.\r\n\r\n4. P\u00e1lava Protected Landscape Area\r\n\r\nMonitoring of the dynamics of plant communities, soil and tree overstory in five-year intervals, using a network of 160 monitoring plots. Microclimatic measurements in part of the plots. Monitoring of spider, beetle and ant communities in addition to that. Data available from 2008-onwards. Next to it, about 230 historical vegetation plots resurveyed after 50-60 years, and a detailed research on the management history.\r\n- D\u011bv\u00edn NNR: 380 ha, 85 permanent plots and about 180 resurveyed historical plots.\r\n- Milovick\u00fd les: 2051 ha, 75 permanent plots a 46 resurveyed historical plots.\r\n\r\n5. D\u00fabrava\r\n\r\nMonitoring of the dynamics of plant communities, soil and tree overstory in five-year intervals, using a network of 75 monitoring plots. Data from 2011, 2012 and 2017. In addition to that, 56 historical vegetation plots resurveyed after 50 years, covering a larger area. Detailed research on the management history and a paleoecological research covering the entire Holocene. \r\n- Hodon\u00ednsk\u00e1 D\u00fabrava:  4820 ha, 75 permanent plots and 56 resurveyed historical plots.","citation":null,"relatedIdentifiers":null,"status":{"label":"Operational","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/elter_cl\/10772"},"yearEstablished":1953,"yearClosed":null,"relatedSites":null,"siteName":"Thermophilous forests","shortName":"Thermophilous forests","siteType":"Stationary land-based site","protectionLevel":[{"label":"Category IV \u2013 Habitat\/Species Management Area","uri":"http:\/\/dd.eionet.europa.eu\/vocabularyconcept\/cdda\/IucnCategoryValue\/IV"},{"label":"Category V \u2013 Protected Landscape\/Seascape\/Area","uri":"http:\/\/dd.eionet.europa.eu\/vocabularyconcept\/cdda\/IucnCategoryValue\/V"}],"landUse":null,"images":[{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/devin-thermophilous-woods-czech-republic_4495.jpg","alt":"Sessile oak standard in a former coppice forest in the Czech Republic."}]},"environmentalCharacteristics":{"airTemperature":{"yearlyAverage":9,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"\u00b0C","referencePeriod":null},"precipitation":{"yearlyAverage":500,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"mm","referencePeriod":null},"biogeographicalRegion":"pannonian","biome":"deciduous_forest","ecosystemType":[{"label":"Deciduous Forest","uri":null},{"label":"Forest","uri":null},{"label":"Grasslands","uri":null},{"label":"Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests","uri":null},{"label":"Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands","uri":null}],"eunisHabitat":[{"label":"Broadleaved deciduous woodland (G1)","uri":null},{"label":"Dry grasslands (E1)","uri":null},{"label":"Grasslands and lands dominated by forbs, mosses or lichens (E)","uri":null},{"label":"Woodland, forest and other wooded land (G)","uri":null}],"landforms":null,"geoBonBiome":["Terrestrial"],"geology":"limestone, schist, loess, slope deposits","hydrology":"karst, dry slopes, sandy plains","soils":"luvisols, leptosols (rendzinas), lithosols, arenosols","vegetation":"thermophilous forest communities of central European oak-hornbeam, oak and ravine forests, occasionally beech forests and natural open xerothermic sites"},"geographic":{"boundaries":null,"coordinates":"POINT (16.65 48.8667)","country":["Czechia"],"elevation":{"avg":null,"min":160,"max":550,"unit":"msl"},"size":{"value":7945,"unit":"ha"},"relatedLocations":null},"focusDesignScale":{"experiments":{"design":"partly experimentation","scale":"plot scale"},"observations":{"design":"mainly observation","scale":"beyond catchment"},"observedProperties":[{"label":"abiotic heterogeneity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21476"},{"label":"air temperature","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22035"},{"label":"alpha diversity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22040"},{"label":"atmospheric parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20937"},{"label":"available phosphorus","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22061"},{"label":"beta diversity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22067"},{"label":"biodiversity loss","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20153"},{"label":"biological parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20940"},{"label":"biotic diversity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22069"},{"label":"canopy cover rate","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22076"},{"label":"canopy gap area","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22077"},{"label":"canopy height","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22079"},{"label":"carbon-to-nitrogen ratio","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21350"},{"label":"chemical parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10333"},{"label":"community composition","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22086"},{"label":"deadwood decaying rate","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22101"},{"label":"deadwood position","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22102"},{"label":"deadwood volume","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22103"},{"label":"disturbance pattern","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21473"},{"label":"diversity index","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21513"},{"label":"ecosystem parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20939"},{"label":"ecosystem structure","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21475"},{"label":"floristic composition","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22121"},{"label":"floristic diversity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22122"},{"label":"forest structure","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21477"},{"label":"ground surface temperature","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21526"},{"label":"habitat disturbance","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21488"},{"label":"maximum temperature","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21529"},{"label":"mean annual air temperature","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21530"},{"label":"minimum temperature","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21532"},{"label":"naturalness","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21492"},{"label":"nitrogen content","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22174"},{"label":"percent carbon","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22181"},{"label":"percent nitrogen","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22182"},{"label":"percent organic carbon","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22183"},{"label":"physical parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20938"},{"label":"plant cover","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22188"},{"label":"plant distribution","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21479"},{"label":"plant species abundance","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10335"},{"label":"plant species composition","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22195"},{"label":"plant species richness","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22196"},{"label":"soil acidity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22243"},{"label":"soil depth","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22247"},{"label":"soil nitrogen","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22259"},{"label":"soil nutrient","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22260"},{"label":"soil organic carbon","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22261"},{"label":"soil pH","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22264"},{"label":"soil parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20944"},{"label":"soil temperature","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22278"},{"label":"species composition","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22285"},{"label":"species list","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22286"},{"label":"species richness","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22287"},{"label":"species turnover","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22288"},{"label":"total carbon","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22296"},{"label":"total organic carbon","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22297"},{"label":"tree age","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22300"},{"label":"tree basal area","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22301"},{"label":"tree condition","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22302"},{"label":"tree diameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22303"},{"label":"tree diameter at breast height","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22304"},{"label":"tree distribution","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21587"},{"label":"tree height","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22305"},{"label":"vegetation layer composition","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22307"}]},"infrastructure":{"accessibleAllYear":true,"accessType":"paved road","allPartsAccessible":true,"maintenanceInterval":null,"permanentPowerSupply":false,"operation":{"permanent":true,"notes":"Permanent plots are resurveyed every 5 years, part of it once every year.","siteVisitInterval":null},"notes":"The maintenance of permanent plots is supported by P\u00e1lava Landscape Protected Area, Mikulov.","collection":[{"label":"\u003E 10 beds","uri":null},{"label":"No data transmission from site","uri":null},{"label":"No tower on site","uri":null},{"label":"No within site data transmission","uri":null},{"label":"Other data services","uri":null},{"label":"Paper","uri":null},{"label":"Spatial data file (GIS)","uri":null},{"label":"Structured file","uri":null},{"label":"XML database","uri":null}],"data":{"policy":{"url":null,"rights":["Co-authorship on publications resulting from use of the dataset","The opportunity to collaborate on the project using the dataset"],"notes":null}}},"relatedResources":null,"projectRelated":{"lter":{"lterSiteClassification":"Extensive Site"}}}}