{"title":"OZCAR-RI HYBAM Hydrology and Geochemistry of the Amazon basin - Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/","suffix":"dcf3a984-01c9-4f62-a123-2810cb172464"},"type":"site","created":"2013-12-10T09:55:22+01:00","changed":"2024-03-04T09:19:41+01:00","attributes":{"affiliation":{"networks":[{"network":{"name":"Critical Zone Collaborative Network (CZ Net)","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"fda96130-91b3-42e6-8c85-2b8879986070"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":false},{"network":{"name":"ILTER","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"1aa7ccb2-a14b-43d6-90ac-5e0a6bc1d65b"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"LTER Europe","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"4742ffca-65ac-4aae-815f-83738500a1fc"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"LTER France","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"d8d9206f-b1bd-4f90-84b7-8c662d4235a2"}},"siteCode":"CZO_EU_FR_080","verified":true},{"network":{"name":"OZCAR RI","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"3439de4e-c64d-4a97-bed0-7e27fadbcb7b"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true}],"projects":null},"contact":{"siteManager":[{"type":"person","name":"Jean Michel Martinez","email":"jean-michel.martinez@ird.fr","orcid":null}],"operatingOrganisation":null,"metadataProvider":[{"type":"person","name":"Jean Michel Martinez","email":"jean-michel.martinez@ird.fr","orcid":null}],"fundingAgency":null,"siteUrl":[{"title":null,"value":"http:\/\/www.ore-hybam.org"}]},"general":{"abstract":"HYBAM observatory runs a network of 17 stations for hydrological, sediment and geochemistry sampling in the Amazon basin. The infrastructure is shared between the partners in each country including France, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Colombia and Ecuador. ADCPs are used for river water flow measurements. Samples are processed in different laboratories at Manaus and Brasilia University (Brazil), Lima University (Peru) and Toulouse University (GET laboratory in France). For comparisons with other large tropical rivers, one stations is maintained along the Orinoco River (Venezuela) and Congo River (Congo) \r\n\r\nHYBAM data are used in a large variety of programs in relation to hydrology, geomorphology, geochemistry, climatology, climate change, carbon cycle, remote sensing and  isotopic tracers.\r\n\r\nThe data produced by the HYBAM observatory are made available online on its website (www.ore-hybam.org) to provide to the research community long term assessments on the hydrology of world largest basin.","citation":null,"relatedIdentifiers":null,"status":{"label":"Operational","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/elter_cl\/10772"},"yearEstablished":2003,"yearClosed":null,"relatedSites":null,"siteName":"OZCAR-RI HYBAM Hydrology and Geochemistry of the Amazon basin","shortName":"HYBAM","siteType":"Platform","protectionLevel":null,"landUse":null,"images":null},"environmentalCharacteristics":{"airTemperature":{"yearlyAverage":25,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"\u00b0C","referencePeriod":null},"precipitation":{"yearlyAverage":2460,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"mm","referencePeriod":null},"biogeographicalRegion":null,"biome":"rainforest","ecosystemType":[{"label":"Large rivers","uri":null},{"label":"Rivers","uri":null}],"eunisHabitat":[{"label":"Inland surface waters (C)","uri":null},{"label":"Permanent non-tidal, smooth-flowing watercourses (C2.3)","uri":null},{"label":"Surface running waters (C2)","uri":null}],"landforms":null,"geoBonBiome":null,"geology":"The Amazon catchment covers 6.2 million sq.km encompassing various soils and lithologies. The Amazon basin is composed by three major morpho-structural units : i) the Brazilian and Guyana cratonic shields, ii) the Altiplano, Oriental Cordillera and Subandean zone of the Andes and iii) the lowlands. The cratonic shields cover about 44% of the Amazonian basin area and are composed of strongly weathered ancient folded and metamorphosed igneous rocks as well as Precambrian to Mesozoic sedimentary rocks. The Andes account for 11% of the Amazonian basin area and are made up of Paleozoic to Meso-Cenozoic metamorphic, igneous and sedimentary rocks. The Amazonian lowlands cover about 45% of the Amazonian basin and are composed of Cenozoic sediments","hydrology":"The Amazon Basin is the biggest river basin in the world. This basin flows into the Atlantic Ocean at approximately 6.6 1012 m\u00b3 yr-1, and this volume is approximately 16% of the world?s fresh water. The catchment is located across the two hemispheres which makes that the flood pattern varies as a function of latitude. Therefore, the Amazon River mainstem exhibit a low variability with a well defined monomodal flood starting on November and with a flood peak in June.","soils":null,"vegetation":null},"geographic":{"boundaries":"POLYGON ((-80 5, -50 5, -50 -17, -80 -17, -80 5))","coordinates":"POINT (-60 -6)","country":["Bolivia","Brazil","Colombia","Ecuador","Peru"],"elevation":{"avg":null,"min":0,"max":6500,"unit":"msl"},"size":{"value":620000000,"unit":"ha"},"relatedLocations":null},"focusDesignScale":{"experiments":{"design":"mainly experimentation","scale":"micro sites"},"observations":{"design":"mainly observation","scale":"entire catchment"},"observedProperties":[{"label":"conductivity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22089"},{"label":"dissolved organic carbon in water","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10307"},{"label":"runoff amount","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/30032"},{"label":"suspended solids","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22293"},{"label":"water alkalinity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10303"},{"label":"water level","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/30025"},{"label":"water parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20945"},{"label":"water quality","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22312"},{"label":"water reflectance","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10391"}]},"infrastructure":{"accessibleAllYear":true,"accessType":"boat","allPartsAccessible":true,"maintenanceInterval":180,"permanentPowerSupply":false,"operation":{"permanent":false,"notes":null,"siteVisitInterval":30},"notes":null,"collection":[{"label":"Web Map Service (WMS)","uri":null}],"data":{"policy":{"url":null,"rights":["Formal acknowledgement of the dataset providers"],"notes":null}}},"relatedResources":null,"projectRelated":{"lter":{"lterSiteClassification":"Regular Site"}}}}