{"title":"Polana Biosphere Reserve (Hukavsky grun) - Slovakia","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/","suffix":"e4548296-426c-4e08-a517-d177d8ad5239"},"type":"site","created":"2013-11-28T10:11:43+01:00","changed":"2025-04-11T11:35:26+02:00","attributes":{"affiliation":{"networks":[{"network":{"name":"GERI","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"c3abdc60-49f1-49db-81fe-863b7dbb21d3"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"ICP Forests","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"4e44c094-f4f7-4882-bfe5-685b666a0dc7"}},"siteCode":"54_204","verified":true},{"network":{"name":"ILTER","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"1aa7ccb2-a14b-43d6-90ac-5e0a6bc1d65b"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"LTER Europe","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"4742ffca-65ac-4aae-815f-83738500a1fc"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"LTER Slovakia","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"3d6a8d72-9f86-4082-ad56-a361b4cdc8a0"}},"siteCode":"LTER_EU_SK_005","verified":true}],"projects":[{"label":"ICP Forests (Level II)","uri":null},{"label":"eLTER (H2020)","uri":"https:\/\/cordis.europa.eu\/project\/id\/654359"}]},"contact":{"siteManager":[{"type":"person","name":"Pavel Pavlenda","email":"pavel.pavlenda@nlcsk.org","orcid":null}],"operatingOrganisation":null,"metadataProvider":[{"type":"person","name":"Pavel Pavlenda","email":"pavel.pavlenda@nlcsk.org","orcid":null}],"fundingAgency":null,"siteUrl":null},"general":{"abstract":"Permanent research site\r\nPolana Biosphere reserve (Hukavsk\u00fd gr\u00fa\u0148) site is located in central Slovakia, in the east part of territory of Polana Protected Landscape Area , where forest ecosystems as well as rural cultural landscape of  the highest volcanic mountain in Slovakia is protected. The site is situated in 850 m a.s.l with annual mean temperature 5.5 \u00b0C and annual precipitation 860 mm. Tree species composition of this site is made up by beech (70 %), norway spruce (19,6 %) and the rest is composited by fir, maple and ash. The age of this forest stand is 90 \u2013 120 years.\r\nThe research site was established in 1991 and from the beginning research has focused on the individual components of the forest environment and the forest ecosystem (trees including the rhizosphere, soil, air quality), their relationships (the influence of the atmospheric deposition ande on the woods), the cycle of elements and substances (nutrition, litter, biochemical processes), physiological processes, phenology and tree growth , their vitality and ecological stability, as well as practical forestry issues such as natural and artificial regeneration. So there was a very wide range of detection, measurement and evaluation. This area was in 1995 integrated with the ICP Forests system of permanent monitoring areas (PMA). Close to the forest monitoring plot is a series of other 7 permanent research areas (PRA), as a base for comparison close-to-nature mixed forest stand development and stands of individual tree species.\r\n","citation":null,"relatedIdentifiers":null,"status":{"label":"Operational","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/elter_cl\/10772"},"yearEstablished":1991,"yearClosed":null,"relatedSites":null,"siteName":"Polana Biosphere Reserve (Hukavsky grun)","shortName":"Polana Hukavsky grun","siteType":"Stationary land-based site","protectionLevel":[{"label":"Category II \u2013 National Park","uri":"http:\/\/dd.eionet.europa.eu\/vocabularyconcept\/cdda\/IucnCategoryValue\/II"},{"label":"Category V \u2013 Protected Landscape\/Seascape\/Area","uri":"http:\/\/dd.eionet.europa.eu\/vocabularyconcept\/cdda\/IucnCategoryValue\/V"}],"landUse":null,"images":[{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/Hukavsky_veza.JPG","alt":"not defined"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/polana-biosphere-reserve-hukavsky-grun-slovakia_4969.png","alt":"not defined"}]},"environmentalCharacteristics":{"airTemperature":{"yearlyAverage":7.1,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"\u00b0C","referencePeriod":null},"precipitation":{"yearlyAverage":790.2,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"mm","referencePeriod":null},"biogeographicalRegion":"alpine","biome":"deciduous_forest","ecosystemType":[{"label":"Deciduous Forest","uri":null},{"label":"Forest","uri":null},{"label":"Mixed Forest","uri":null}],"eunisHabitat":[{"label":"Mixed deciduous and coniferous woodland (G4)","uri":null},{"label":"Mixed fir - spruce - beech woodland (G4.6)","uri":null},{"label":"Woodland, forest and other wooded land (G)","uri":null}],"landforms":null,"geoBonBiome":["Terrestrial"],"geology":null,"hydrology":null,"soils":null,"vegetation":null},"geographic":{"boundaries":"POLYGON ((19.53724366873 48.639174072991, 19.537212318895 48.639205674807, 19.537182108957 48.63923675504, 19.53714051265 48.639278528041, 19.537097804036 48.639314949858, 19.537045434093 48.63934450023, 19.537000297546 48.639368160156, 19.536999591765 48.639369527135, 19.536949814006 48.63939501252, 19.536895341132 48.639418429177, 19.536842048749 48.639442457417, 19.536792434275 48.639462096977, 19.536735898873 48.639482761461, 19.536677871484 48.639495952266, 19.536621675743 48.639511940098, 19.536567026979 48.63952781106, 19.536507723574 48.639544014535, 19.536446995503 48.639557987529, 19.536391274276 48.639576727277, 19.536429782186 48.63961611158, 19.536475048012 48.63965650346, 19.536522606904 48.639700384901, 19.536567520034 48.639740965591, 19.536610289254 48.639780430973, 19.5366631282 48.639814806489, 19.536721720338 48.639855693522, 19.536755125525 48.639902596034, 19.536792303738 48.639945334722, 19.536825289456 48.639981489984, 19.536895259927 48.639961230754, 19.536968609214 48.639942284674, 19.537031373454 48.639925118808, 19.537089754407 48.639908420383, 19.537149045443 48.639882071962, 19.537208689716 48.639850660194, 19.537272120502 48.639813978368, 19.537327354417 48.63978117237, 19.537391517106 48.639752467726, 19.537452857201 48.63972279164, 19.537514970311 48.639697864109, 19.537571722712 48.63967773886, 19.537641216851 48.639665204558, 19.537720535529 48.639655755337, 19.537789608948 48.639642933139, 19.537853608497 48.639612492488, 19.537921475625 48.639580136325, 19.537978852715 48.639550351898, 19.538027286397 48.63952829254, 19.537987312531 48.639478665144, 19.537949835542 48.639430413824, 19.537912575803 48.639381452013, 19.53786937296 48.639325807823, 19.537823686809 48.639271062876, 19.537785301066 48.63922119264, 19.537742153029 48.63916254458, 19.53769321067 48.639103959244, 19.537622155626 48.639129767901, 19.53756309693 48.639150108932, 19.537501934943 48.639169082842, 19.537451045485 48.63918782329, 19.537395541765 48.639210952353, 19.537352647894 48.639197865138, 19.53729817857 48.63918689091, 19.537243939815 48.639177490526, 19.53724366873 48.639174072991))","coordinates":"POINT (19.537239301626 48.63954226967)","country":["Slovakia"],"elevation":{"avg":850,"min":850,"max":850,"unit":"msl"},"size":{"value":0.57,"unit":"ha"},"relatedLocations":[{"title":"Hukavsky grun - meadow","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/locations\/","suffix":"07c8139b-3220-45c9-9a7d-8361fe777224"},"changed":"2024-05-07T14:21:19+0200"},{"title":"Polana Weather Station","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/locations\/","suffix":"f029ba29-1666-4e53-bb15-9b1d48d9d9c0"},"changed":"2025-04-11T11:09:21+0200"}]},"focusDesignScale":{"experiments":{"design":"partly experimentation","scale":"micro sites"},"observations":{"design":"mainly observation","scale":"plot within catchment"},"observedProperties":[{"label":"abiotic heterogeneity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21476"},{"label":"above ground net primary production","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10043"},{"label":"atmospheric parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20937"},{"label":"atmospheric pressure","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22060"},{"label":"biological parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20940"},{"label":"canopy cover rate","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22076"},{"label":"canopy gap area","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22077"},{"label":"ecosystem parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20939"},{"label":"ecosystem structure","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21475"},{"label":"forest structure","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21477"},{"label":"interception","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22139"},{"label":"nitrogen content","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22174"},{"label":"precipitation intensity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22204"},{"label":"solar radiation","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22284"},{"label":"tree diameter at breast height","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22304"},{"label":"tree height","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22305"},{"label":"wind direction","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22317"},{"label":"wind speed","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22319"}]},"infrastructure":{"accessibleAllYear":true,"accessType":"regular car","allPartsAccessible":true,"maintenanceInterval":15,"permanentPowerSupply":true,"operation":{"permanent":false,"notes":null,"siteVisitInterval":15},"notes":null,"collection":[{"label":"All over site\/catchment","uri":null},{"label":"Cable based","uri":null},{"label":"Daily","uri":null},{"label":"GMS\/UMTS","uri":null},{"label":"Less than 10 m above canopy","uri":null},{"label":"Other data services","uri":null},{"label":"Relational database","uri":null},{"label":"Structured file","uri":null},{"label":"Vehicle 2WD","uri":null},{"label":"Weekly","uri":null}],"data":{"policy":{"url":null,"rights":null,"notes":null}}},"relatedResources":[{"id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/dataset\/","suffix":"b7507d3d-0379-4930-a2cb-f8a10b77439b"},"title":"LTER Polana-Hukavsky_grun temperature precipitation 2011-2017","changed":"2019-12-20T13:21:59+01:00"}],"projectRelated":{"lter":{"lterSiteClassification":"Regular Site"}}}}