{"title":"OZCAR-RI SNO_KARST Mediterranean and coastal site of Port-Miou - France","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/","suffix":"ed835c14-b860-461f-936d-f2991e8df9f1"},"type":"site","created":"2019-02-12T20:42:08+01:00","changed":"2024-03-04T09:39:17+01:00","attributes":{"affiliation":{"networks":[{"network":{"name":"ILTER","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"1aa7ccb2-a14b-43d6-90ac-5e0a6bc1d65b"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"LTER Europe","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"4742ffca-65ac-4aae-815f-83738500a1fc"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"LTER France","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"d8d9206f-b1bd-4f90-84b7-8c662d4235a2"}},"siteCode":"CZO_EU_FR_188","verified":true},{"network":{"name":"OZCAR RI","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"3439de4e-c64d-4a97-bed0-7e27fadbcb7b"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"SNO Karst","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"1dc3ec86-22d1-4e77-8f30-2718d4cecca1"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":false}],"projects":null},"contact":{"siteManager":[{"type":"person","name":"Bruno Arfib","email":"arfib@cerege.fr","orcid":null}],"operatingOrganisation":[{"type":"organisation","name":"Aix-Marseille Univ. - OSU PYTHEAS","url":"https:\/\/www.osupytheas.fr\/","ror":null}],"metadataProvider":[{"type":"person","name":"Bruno Arfib","email":"arfib@cerege.fr","orcid":null}],"fundingAgency":[{"type":"organisation","name":"Agence de l\u0027Eau Rh\u00f4ne M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Corse (RMC)","url":null,"ror":null},{"type":"organisation","name":"Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9","url":"http:\/\/www.univ-amu.fr\/","ror":"https:\/\/ror.org\/035xkbk20"},{"type":"organisation","name":"CNRS - Institut National des Sciences de l\u0027Univers (INSU)","url":"http:\/\/www.insu.cnrs.fr\/","ror":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04kdfz702"},{"type":"organisation","name":"Conseil D\u00e9partemental 13","url":null,"ror":null},{"type":"organisation","name":"R\u00e9gion Provence-Alpes-C\u00f4te d\u0027Azur","url":null,"ror":null}],"siteUrl":[{"title":"OSU PYTHEAS - Aix-Marseille Univ.","value":"https:\/\/www.osupytheas.fr\/"},{"title":"CEREGE laboratory - Aix-Marseille Univ.","value":"https:\/\/www.cerege.fr\/"}]},"general":{"abstract":"The Mediterranean and coastal site of Port-Miou is a wide regional carbonate aquifer, with a catchment area around 400 km\u00b2, in south of France (Provence, France). It extends mainly over natural land, in the vicinity of one of the main city of France (Marseille), facing recent urban expansion and future groundwater resources management issues. Top of the recharge area culminates at 1100 m asl, and the main outlets are submarine springs. Karst features are observed in surface (polje, intermittent rivers, sinkholes, karren, caves) and underground. Many karst networks have been explored in the unsaturated zone of the aquifer, but also in the saturated zone below the sea level. Karst features and conduits drive the groundwater flows to the main outlets. The Port-Miou submarine springs outflow from huge flooded karst conduits, explored by cave diving over several kilometers inland, and to -235 m deep. Groundwater is brackish, polluted by seawater intrusion.\r\nThe Port-Miou observation site includes flow rate, salinity and temperature monitoring at the main brackish spring, in an in-situ underground laboratory located 500 m inland from the seashore, directly in the main karst conduit. Rainfall is also recording in the catchment area, and rain water samples are collected for water isotopes observation.\r\n","citation":null,"relatedIdentifiers":null,"status":{"label":"Operational","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/elter_cl\/10772"},"yearEstablished":2010,"yearClosed":null,"relatedSites":null,"siteName":"OZCAR-RI SNO_KARST Mediterranean and coastal site of Port-Miou","shortName":"Port-Miou SNO_Karst","siteType":"Stationary land-based site","protectionLevel":[{"label":"Category II \u2013 National Park","uri":"http:\/\/dd.eionet.europa.eu\/vocabularyconcept\/cdda\/IucnCategoryValue\/II"},{"label":"Category IV \u2013 Habitat\/Species Management Area","uri":"http:\/\/dd.eionet.europa.eu\/vocabularyconcept\/cdda\/IucnCategoryValue\/IV"}],"landUse":null,"images":[{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/ozcar-ri-sno_karst-mediterranean-and-coastal-site-port-miou-france_6350.jpg","alt":"Port-Miou underground dam (France)"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/ozcar-ri-sno_karst-mediterranean-and-coastal-site-port-miou-france_6351.jpg","alt":"Water sampler in the Port-Miou in-situ laboratory (France)"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/ozcar-ri-sno_karst-mediterranean-and-coastal-site-port-miou-france_6352.jpg","alt":"The Port-Miou calanque (Cassis, France) where the submarine spring outflows"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/ozcar-ri-sno_karst-mediterranean-and-coastal-site-port-miou-france_6353.jpg","alt":"Urgonian limestones (early Cretaceous mudstone) [Cassis, France]"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/ozcar-ri-sno_karst-mediterranean-and-coastal-site-port-miou-france_6354.jpg","alt":"Karst feature (karren) in the Port-Miou recharge area (France)"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/ozcar-ri-sno_karst-mediterranean-and-coastal-site-port-miou-france_6355.jpg","alt":"Karst landscape in the Port-Miou recharge area (France)"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/ozcar-ri-sno_karst-mediterranean-and-coastal-site-port-miou-france_6356.jpg","alt":"Bauxite deposit in a paleo-karren (late Cretaceous) (Sainte Baume, France)"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/ozcar-ri-sno_karst-mediterranean-and-coastal-site-port-miou-france_6357.jpg","alt":"Water sample in the Port-Miou in-situ laboratory (France)"}]},"environmentalCharacteristics":{"airTemperature":{"yearlyAverage":13.5,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"\u00b0C","referencePeriod":null},"precipitation":{"yearlyAverage":652,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"mm","referencePeriod":null},"biogeographicalRegion":"mediterranean","biome":"mixed_forest","ecosystemType":[{"label":"Coastal","uri":null},{"label":"Forest","uri":null},{"label":"Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub","uri":null},{"label":"Rivers","uri":null},{"label":"Small rivers","uri":null}],"eunisHabitat":[{"label":"Buildings of cities, towns and villages (J1)","uri":null},{"label":"Coastal habitats (B)","uri":null},{"label":"Constructed, industrial and other artificial habitats (J)","uri":null},{"label":"Extractive industrial sites (J3)","uri":null},{"label":"Garrigue (F6)","uri":null},{"label":"Heathland, scrub and tundra (F)","uri":null},{"label":"Inland surface waters (C)","uri":null},{"label":"Inland unvegetated or sparsely vegetated habitats (H)","uri":null},{"label":"Littoral rock and other hard substrata (A1)","uri":null},{"label":"Low density buildings (J2)","uri":null},{"label":"Maquis, arborescent matorral and thermo-Mediterranean brushes (F5)","uri":null},{"label":"Marine habitats (A)","uri":null},{"label":"Regularly or recently cultivated agricultural, horticultural and domestic habitats (I)","uri":null},{"label":"Rock cliffs, ledges and shores, including the supralittoral (B3)","uri":null},{"label":"Shrub plantations (FB)","uri":null},{"label":"Spiny Mediterranean heaths (phrygana, hedgehog-heaths and related coastal cliff vegetation) (F7)","uri":null},{"label":"Surface running waters (C2)","uri":null},{"label":"Temperate and mediterranean-montane scrub (F3)","uri":null},{"label":"Terrestrial underground caves, cave systems, passages and waterbodies (H1)","uri":null},{"label":"Transport networks and other constructed hard-surfaced areas (J4)","uri":null}],"landforms":null,"geoBonBiome":["Coastal","Terrestrial"],"geology":"Mainly Carbonates rocks (limestones and dolostone) from Triasic to upper cretaceous periods. Conglomerate and alluvial deposits in polje and valleys (Oligocene and Quaternary). Karst landscape and features, deep karstification below the sea-level.","hydrology":"Few temporary streams. High river - groundwater exchanges. Karst hydrology. Sea water intrusion.","soils":"At the catchment scale : soils in carbonate environment.","vegetation":"At the catchment scale : from the sea-shore to Mediterranean mountains (1100 msl). Halophile, garrigue, pine forest, oak, yew and beech forest"},"geographic":{"boundaries":"POLYGON ((5.8123168861493 43.425862905811, 5.8123168861493 43.184017660599, 5.4168090736493 43.184017660599, 5.4168090736493 43.425862905811, 5.8123168861493 43.425862905811))","coordinates":"POINT (5.514 43.21)","country":["France"],"elevation":{"avg":400,"min":0,"max":1100,"unit":"msl"},"size":{"value":40000,"unit":"ha"},"relatedLocations":null},"focusDesignScale":{"experiments":{"design":"mainly experimentation","scale":"catchment scale"},"observations":{"design":"mainly observation","scale":"entire catchment"},"observedProperties":[{"label":"atmospheric parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20937"},{"label":"atmospheric pressure","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22060"},{"label":"environmental parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20941"},{"label":"ground surface temperature","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21526"},{"label":"groundwater level","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22126"},{"label":"landscape connectivity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22148"},{"label":"landscape parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20943"},{"label":"rainfall variability","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21948"},{"label":"specific conductivity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22289"},{"label":"water parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20945"},{"label":"water temperature","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22313"}]},"infrastructure":{"accessibleAllYear":true,"accessType":"dirt road  (4WD)","allPartsAccessible":true,"maintenanceInterval":60,"permanentPowerSupply":false,"operation":{"permanent":true,"notes":null,"siteVisitInterval":60},"notes":null,"collection":[{"label":"Cable based","uri":null},{"label":"No lodging possible","uri":null}],"data":{"policy":{"url":[{"title":"Data portal \u0026 Data policy ","value":"https:\/\/data.oreme.org\/observation\/snokarst"}],"rights":["Formal acknowledgement of the dataset providers","The opportunity to collaborate on the project using the dataset","At least part of the costs of dataset acquisition, retrieval or provision must be recovered.","Reprints of articles using the dataset must be provided to the data provider","The dataset provider is given a complete list of all products that make use of the dataset"],"notes":null}}},"relatedResources":null,"projectRelated":{"lter":{"lterSiteClassification":"Regular Site"}}}}