{"title":"Parque Estadual de Campos do Jord\u00e3o (PELD-PECJ) LTER - Brazil","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/","suffix":"edde1180-4a70-4625-8646-fcb9913ccc87"},"type":"site","created":"2020-05-05T09:16:58+02:00","changed":"2020-12-18T10:30:05+01:00","attributes":{"affiliation":{"networks":[{"network":{"name":"LTER Brazil","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"d22789fb-4663-4a77-a6ec-ddb279906cc9"}},"siteCode":"PELD-PECJ","verified":false}],"projects":null},"contact":{"siteManager":[{"type":"person","name":"Laszlo Nagy","email":null,"orcid":null}],"operatingOrganisation":[{"type":"organisation","name":"Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP) - Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas","url":"https:\/\/www.ib.unicamp.br\/","ror":null}],"metadataProvider":[{"type":"person","name":"Laszlo Nagy","email":null,"orcid":null}],"fundingAgency":[{"type":"organisation","name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)","url":"http:\/\/www.cnpq.br","ror":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03swz6y49"},{"type":"organisation","name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)","url":"http:\/\/www.fapesp.br","ror":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02ddkpn78"}],"siteUrl":null},"general":{"abstract":"The LTER site was established in 2017 in a conservation area, known in English as the State Park of Campos do Jord\u00e3o, which occupies an area over 8,000 ha in the montane belt of the Atlantic Forest in the Mantiqueira Range in south-eastern Brazil. The Park has been a conservation area since 1941, maintained by the State of S\u00e3o Paulo.\r\n\r\nThe LTER is operating an integrated research programme, conceived in the vein of what Collins et al. (2011) have proposed as a \u0022conceptual framework for long-term social-ecological research\u0022, aligned with the main objectives of US LTER programme (Patterns and control of primary production [biogeochemistry]; Spatial and temporal distribution of selected populations [Araucaria angustifolia and its biotic interactions with its soil symbionts, dispersers and frugivores] for representing trophic structure; Patterns and control of organic matter accumulation in surface layers and sediments [topo-hydro-pedo gradients]; Patterns of inorganic nutrient inputs [monitoring of dry deposition of N and other elements] and their movement through the soil [suction cups], subterranean and surface waters; Patterns and frequency of disturbance [climate; fire; past land use; illegal hunting; introduction of exotic wildlife]; Changes in land cover and land use [past: logging, plantation forestry and grazing; present: restoration of exotic plantations to native forest cover; tourism development]; Human \u2013 environment interactions [park management; urban development; land use on neighbouring estates; ecosystem services].\r\n\r\nThe Park has had a manual meteorological station since ca. 1974; currently the LTER operates an automatic station; the national water authority operates a hydrological \/ pluviometry station inside the Park. Since 2017, a Delta system has been used to measure N deposition. An Eddy covariance flux system is being planned to be acquired in 2020. Prenart solutions cups are being installed to quantify solute chemistry in forest and open vegetation. The PELD-PECJ participates in the LIFE Plan biodiversity project (continuous sonic and camera recording of wildlife, spore \/ continuous pollen collecting and flying insect trapping, and periodic analyses of soil microbial composition). The site also participates in the worldwide SoilTemp project, measuring soil and superficial microclimate. There is an LTER representative in the Park Management Council that collaborates in implementing the social component of the integrated programme (supplemented by a companion modelling approach).\r\n\r\nInformation based on published and grey literature is being compiled on previous research in the Park and a biodiversity database is being fed by the information. A pilot project has been initiated on biodiversity (habitat x land use x phylogeny).\r\n\r\nThe LTER serves as a nucleus for collaborative comparative LTER research in mountain areas in South America (South American Montane Forests in a Warming Climate - a project funded by NERC (UK) and FAPESP (Brazil).\r\n\r\nReference\r\n\r\nCollins SL et al. (2011) An integrated conceptual framework for long-term social-ecological research. Front. Ecol. Environ. 9:351-357. doi: 10.1890\/100068\r\n\r\n","citation":null,"relatedIdentifiers":null,"status":{"label":"Operational","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/elter_cl\/10772"},"yearEstablished":2017,"yearClosed":null,"relatedSites":null,"siteName":"Parque Estadual de Campos do Jord\u00e3o (PELD-PECJ) LTER","shortName":"PELD-PECJ","siteType":"Stationary land-based site","protectionLevel":null,"landUse":null,"images":[{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2020-05\/P6080510.JPG","alt":"Araucaria angustifolia"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2020-05\/P4140328.JPG","alt":"..."},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2020-05\/PECJ_GE.jpg","alt":"Google Earth view of the PECJ (in green outline) and surrunding area, Matriqueira Range, south-eastern Brazil "},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2020-05\/HIDROGRAPHY_PECJ_LANDSAT8.png","alt":"Microwatersheds and stream network over a Landsat 8 image"}]},"environmentalCharacteristics":{"airTemperature":{"yearlyAverage":14.2,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"\u00b0C","referencePeriod":null},"precipitation":{"yearlyAverage":1852,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"mm","referencePeriod":null},"biogeographicalRegion":null,"biome":"rainforest","ecosystemType":[{"label":"Forest","uri":null},{"label":"Grasslands","uri":null}],"eunisHabitat":null,"landforms":null,"geoBonBiome":["Terrestrial"],"geology":"Crystalline geology, predominantly gneiss, magnetite, granite, schist, quartzite with some calcareous calcsilicates and amphibolite\r\n\r\nReference\r\nModenesi-Gauttieri MC, Hiruma ST (2004) A expans\u00e3o urbana no planalto de Campos do Jord\u00e3o: diagn\u00f3stico geomorfol\u00f3gico para fins de planejamento. Revista do Instituto Geol\u00f3gico 25:1-28\r\n ","hydrology":"The site falls within the boundaries of a watershed, delimited by the crest of the mountain range in the south-east. This creates a rain shadow, which reduces precipitation in the Park by about 400 mm per year in relation to the coastal side of the Range. The much-dissected terrain forms a large number of micro watersheds with numerous springs (\u003E1700 m) and rivulets.","soils":"The soils are acid and nutrient-poor; the main soil types include latosols (forest vegetation), cambisols, rankers and lithosols (open vegetation).\r\n\r\nReference\r\nOliveira JB, Menk JRF, Rotta CL (1975) Solos do Parque Estadual de Campos do Jord\u00e3o. Silvicultura em S\u00e3o Paulo 9:125-156\r\n","vegetation":"The predominant vegetation is montane mixed ombrophilous forest, characterised by the ancient conifers Araucaria angustifolia, a highly endangered species (13) and Podocarpus lambertii. The PECJ is one of two places where this type of forest is best preserved in its most northerly (tropical) distribution. This forest type is characterised by the dominance of Araucaria angustifolia, with many of its individuals being emergent. Araucaria is also numerous in the dominant layer, where it is associated with Podocarpus lambertii and with several species of angiosperms, e.g. Drimys brasiliensis (Winteraceae), Cedrela fissilis (Meliaceae) and numerous species of Lauraceae and Myrtaceae. \r\n\r\nOther formations include dense ombrophilous montane forest with elements of the Atlantic rain forest and small-stature vegetation (cloud forest) with Gunnera manicata (Gunneraceae), Weinmannia humilis (Cunoniaceae), Siphoneugena reitzii (Myrtaceae), Crinodendron brasiliense (Elaeocarpaceae), and Berberis kleinii (Berberidaceae). The hilltops are usually covered by open vegetation of unconfirmed origin (probably originating from and maintained by fires). \r\n\r\nReforestation areas of Pinus elliottii and P. taeda occupy the previously clear-felled and reforested lower elevation parts of the Park.\r\n"},"geographic":{"boundaries":null,"coordinates":"POINT (-45.4811782 -22.6898797)","country":["Brazil"],"elevation":{"avg":1656,"min":1159,"max":2005,"unit":"msl"},"size":{"value":8341,"unit":"ha"},"relatedLocations":null},"focusDesignScale":{"experiments":{"design":"partly experimentation","scale":"micro sites"},"observations":{"design":"mainly observation","scale":"entire catchment"},"observedProperties":[{"label":"atmospheric parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20937"},{"label":"biological parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20940"},{"label":"chemical parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10333"},{"label":"ecosystem parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20939"},{"label":"environmental parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20941"},{"label":"landscape parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20943"},{"label":"physical parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20938"},{"label":"remote sensing parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20946"},{"label":"soil parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20944"},{"label":"water parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20945"}]},"infrastructure":{"accessibleAllYear":true,"accessType":"footpath\/trail","allPartsAccessible":false,"maintenanceInterval":15,"permanentPowerSupply":false,"operation":{"permanent":true,"notes":null,"siteVisitInterval":15},"notes":"In parts of the site, there is electricity, but in most areas are without electricity supply.\r\n\r\nA permanent research and environmental education centre is being planned in collaboration with the Park authorities.\r\n","collection":[{"label":"Data infrastructure","uri":null},{"label":"Energy and data transmission infrastructure","uri":null},{"label":"Maintenance infrastructure","uri":null},{"label":"Observation devices","uri":null},{"label":"Other data services","uri":null},{"label":"Supporting infrastructure","uri":null}],"data":{"policy":{"url":null,"rights":["The opportunity to collaborate on the project using the dataset"],"notes":"Data collected are stored on the server of the Institute of Biology, UNICAMP. Data are embargoed until publication."}}},"relatedResources":null,"projectRelated":{"lter":{"lterSiteClassification":"Emerging Site"}}}}