{"title":"PELD Tanguro Ranch - Brazil","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/","suffix":"ef8e23cf-79a6-40f3-98d7-581559170cf7"},"type":"site","created":"2017-07-20T18:30:47+02:00","changed":"2020-06-29T10:43:52+02:00","attributes":{"affiliation":{"networks":[{"network":{"name":"LTER Brazil","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"d22789fb-4663-4a77-a6ec-ddb279906cc9"}},"siteCode":"LTER_SAM_BR_66","verified":false}],"projects":null},"contact":{"siteManager":null,"operatingOrganisation":[{"type":"organisation","name":"Instituto de Pesquisa Ambiental da Amaz\u00f4nia (IPAM)","url":"https:\/\/www.ipam.org.br","ror":"https:\/\/ror.org\/020f9s554"}],"metadataProvider":null,"fundingAgency":[{"type":"organisation","name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)","url":"http:\/\/www.cnpq.br","ror":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03swz6y49"}],"siteUrl":null},"general":{"abstract":"Tanguro Ranch is located in the southern Amazon, the driest portion of the Amazon Basin, and harbors a transitional forest (between Amazon forests and savannas). Tanguro lies on the Amazonian agricultural frontier, where largest rates of deforestation and fire occurred in last decades. The ranch experienced deforestation for cattle pasture in the mid-1980s, followed by a cropland expansion in the early 2000s. Starting in 2010, it has undergone a rapid shift from soybean single cropping to soybean-corn double cropping. The topography, soils, hydrology and farming practices at Tanguro are typical of the southern and eastern Amazonian agricultural frontier, a region that is highly vulnerable to changes in fire regime, climate change, and their interactions. Tanguro ranch represents changes that occur in a much wider area and that will probably occur in other regions of the Amazon Basin in a near future. ","citation":null,"relatedIdentifiers":null,"status":{"label":"Operational","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/elter_cl\/10772"},"yearEstablished":2004,"yearClosed":null,"relatedSites":null,"siteName":"PELD Tanguro Ranch","shortName":"TANG","siteType":"Stationary land-based site","protectionLevel":null,"landUse":null,"images":[{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/tanguro-brazil_4666.png","alt":"Aerial view"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/tanguro-brazil_4669.png","alt":"Tanguro Map"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/tanguro-brazil_4670.jpg","alt":"Tanguro ranch"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/tanguro-brazil_4673.jpg","alt":"Fire experiment"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/tanguro-brazil_4674.jpg","alt":"Tower in a soy field"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/tanguro-brazil_4675.jpg","alt":"Stream experiment"}]},"environmentalCharacteristics":{"airTemperature":{"yearlyAverage":25,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"\u00b0C","referencePeriod":null},"precipitation":{"yearlyAverage":1770,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"mm","referencePeriod":null},"biogeographicalRegion":null,"biome":"rainforest","ecosystemType":[{"label":"Agricultural","uri":null},{"label":"Forest","uri":null},{"label":"Fresh Water Rivers","uri":null},{"label":"Rainforest","uri":null},{"label":"Rivers","uri":null},{"label":"Small rivers","uri":null}],"eunisHabitat":[{"label":"Arable land and market gardens (I1)","uri":null},{"label":"Habitat complexes (X)","uri":null},{"label":"Inland surface waters (C)","uri":null},{"label":"Intensive unmixed crops (I1.1)","uri":null},{"label":"Lines of trees, small anthropogenic woodlands, recently felled woodland, early-stage woodland and coppice (G5)","uri":null},{"label":"Permanent non-tidal, smooth-flowing watercourses (C2.3)","uri":null},{"label":"Regularly or recently cultivated agricultural, horticultural and domestic habitats (I)","uri":null},{"label":"Surface running waters (C2)","uri":null},{"label":"Woodland, forest and other wooded land (G)","uri":null}],"landforms":null,"geoBonBiome":["Fresh water rivers","Terrestrial"],"geology":null,"hydrology":null,"soils":null,"vegetation":null},"geographic":{"boundaries":null,"coordinates":"POINT (-52.4131 -12.91904)","country":["Brazil"],"elevation":{"avg":353,"min":301,"max":406,"unit":"msl"},"size":{"value":83000,"unit":"ha"},"relatedLocations":null},"focusDesignScale":{"experiments":{"design":"mainly experimentation","scale":"plot scale"},"observations":{"design":"partly observation","scale":"plot within catchment"},"observedProperties":[{"label":"abiotic heterogeneity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21476"},{"label":"agricultural parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20936"},{"label":"atmospheric parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20937"},{"label":"biological parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20940"},{"label":"community composition","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22086"},{"label":"disturbance pattern","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21473"},{"label":"diversity index","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21513"},{"label":"ecosystem parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20939"},{"label":"ecosystem structure","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21475"},{"label":"fire severity index","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22120"},{"label":"habitat structure","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21478"},{"label":"landscape parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20943"},{"label":"leaf area","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22156"},{"label":"leaf area ratio","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22158"},{"label":"nitrogen content","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22174"},{"label":"nutrient availability","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21457"},{"label":"plant species composition","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22195"},{"label":"species abundance","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10018"},{"label":"species composition","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22285"},{"label":"species richness","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22287"},{"label":"species turnover","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22288"},{"label":"water parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20945"}]},"infrastructure":{"accessibleAllYear":true,"accessType":"regular 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