{"title":"Fruska gora - Serbia","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/","suffix":"f1c571d2-11e3-4072-ac66-073600ce152c"},"type":"site","created":"2012-12-25T19:06:03+01:00","changed":"2025-01-07T11:14:56+01:00","attributes":{"affiliation":{"networks":[{"network":{"name":"GERI","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"c3abdc60-49f1-49db-81fe-863b7dbb21d3"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"ICP Forests","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"4e44c094-f4f7-4882-bfe5-685b666a0dc7"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":false},{"network":{"name":"ILTER","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"1aa7ccb2-a14b-43d6-90ac-5e0a6bc1d65b"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"LTER Europe","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"4742ffca-65ac-4aae-815f-83738500a1fc"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"LTER Serbia","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"9b50de5e-a879-470a-97cb-46262ad76ec9"}},"siteCode":"LTER_EU_RS_001","verified":true}],"projects":[{"label":"ExpeER","uri":"https:\/\/www.expeeronline.eu\/"},{"label":"ICP Forests (Level II)","uri":null},{"label":"eLTER (H2020)","uri":"https:\/\/cordis.europa.eu\/project\/id\/654359"},{"label":"eLTER PLUS (H2020) - RA","uri":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3030\/871128"},{"label":"eLTER PLUS (H2020) - TA","uri":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3030\/871128"}]},"contact":{"siteManager":[{"type":"person","name":"Dusanka Vujanovic","email":"dusanka.vujanovic@biosense.rs","orcid":null}],"operatingOrganisation":[{"type":"organisation","name":"BioSense Institute","url":"https:\/\/biosens.rs\/?page_id=6597\u0026lang=en","ror":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04qn48008"},{"type":"organisation","name":"LTER Serbia","url":"https:\/\/lter.biosense.rs\/","ror":null}],"metadataProvider":[{"type":"person","name":"Dusanka Vujanovic","email":"dusanka.vujanovic@biosense.rs","orcid":null}],"fundingAgency":[{"type":"organisation","name":"LTER Serbia","url":"https:\/\/lter.biosense.rs\/","ror":null}],"siteUrl":[{"title":null,"value":"http:\/\/www.npfruskagora.co.rs\/pages\/onama-eng.htm"}]},"general":{"abstract":"LTER site Fru\u0161ka gora is located on Fruska gora mountain, an isolated island mountain in Pannonia plain, completely surrounded by lowland. Its highest peak Crveni cot has 549m. Its location, specific geological history and different microclimatic conditions (from lowland semiarid climate to the relatively cold and humid submontane climate) are of great interest to researchers. Thanks to unique and very rich deposits of fossil fauna and flora, Fru\u0161ka gora is called the \u0027mirror of geological past\u0027. More than 90% of the area is covered by deciduous forests with varied types of climatogenous forest communities that have been under constant and increasing pressure from surrounding urban areas, building, traffic, agriculture and economic use. The dominant forests are mesophillous mixed forests of sessile oak (Qeuercus petraea) and European hornbeam (Carpinus betulus), orographically conditioned beech forests, as well as thermophilous forests of Turkey oak (Quercus cerris), pubescent oak (Quercus pubescens) and (Quercus frainetto). Fruska gora counts around 1500 of plant species which is more than 1\/3 of the total Serbian flora. ","citation":null,"relatedIdentifiers":null,"status":{"label":"Operational","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/elter_cl\/10772"},"yearEstablished":2010,"yearClosed":null,"relatedSites":null,"siteName":"Fruska gora","shortName":"Fruska gora ","siteType":"Stationary land-based site","protectionLevel":[{"label":"Category V \u2013 Protected Landscape\/Seascape\/Area","uri":"http:\/\/dd.eionet.europa.eu\/vocabularyconcept\/cdda\/IucnCategoryValue\/V"}],"landUse":null,"images":[{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/IMG_1019.JPG","alt":"Tea bags incubation for the purpose of litter decomposition experiment"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2021-11\/IMG-1b2d96b4cf1a121937f62c9ad546b87c-V.jpg","alt":"Setting up meterological station"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2022-04\/LTER%20klopka_0.png","alt":"Collecting insect material from Malaise trap"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2023-03\/IMG-10ab801c564d455ab92ddcc1069ff9cd-V.jpg","alt":"Water sampling"}]},"environmentalCharacteristics":{"airTemperature":{"yearlyAverage":10,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"\u00b0C","referencePeriod":null},"precipitation":{"yearlyAverage":786,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"mm","referencePeriod":null},"biogeographicalRegion":"pannonian","biome":"deciduous_forest","ecosystemType":[{"label":"Deciduous Forest","uri":null},{"label":"Forest","uri":null}],"eunisHabitat":[{"label":"Broadleaved deciduous woodland (G1)","uri":null},{"label":"Woodland, forest and other wooded land (G)","uri":null}],"landforms":null,"geoBonBiome":["Terrestrial"],"geology":"Paleozoic shale, Mesozoic limestone and sandstone and loess from Quartar","hydrology":"According to the size of the pores, there are all of the three basic structural types of porosity: intergranular (in sands and related rocks), fissured (hard cracked rocks) and cavernous (limestones). In them, there are springs of the respective structural type, namely: compacted (free, artesian and sub artesian), broken up and combined.Tertiary sands, on the edges of the mountain, appear in many places on the surface. They accumulate significant volumes of ground water that feed the water-bearing horizons of the tertiary series. Three water-bearing horizons have been identified: ?The first one is 50m deep, hydraulically connected with the alluvial water-bearing environment; optimum debit of vertical wells is 5-10 lit\/sec. ?The second one is up to 130m deep, with good filtration characteristics and debit of 20 lit\/sec. ?The third horizon is 170 to 210m deep, with an optimum debit of 5-17 lit\/sec.","soils":"Acid brown soil (dystric cambisol), and illimerised soil (luvisol)","vegetation":"The Fruska gora in terms of vegetation represents a forest area with varied types of climatogenous forest communities. The forests cover about 90 % of the total surface. They are polydominant and of great vegetation diversity. The dominant forests are mesophillous mixed forests of sessile oak (Quercus petraea) and European hornbeam (Carpinus betulus), orographically conditioned beech forests, as well as thermophilous forests of Turkey oak (Quercus cerris), pubescent oak (Q. pubescens) and hungarian oak (Q. farnetto). The climatogenous type of forest in the Fruska gora is the sessile oak forest with butcher\u00b4s-broom (Aculeato-Querco-Carpinetum) and geographical variations of the oak-hornbeam phytocenosis (Querco Carpinetum serbicum) with Mediterranean elements. The sessile oak forest with fescue (Festuco montanae-Quercetum petrae Jnnl) is a specific forest community and is also a climato-oro-pedogenous type of the Fruska gora forest. A significant share of the silver linden (Tilia tomentosa) is a special feature of the forest phytocenosis ic the Fruska gora, conditioned by the climate in the border areas of the Pannonia Plain."},"geographic":{"boundaries":"POLYGON ((19.804178 45.161315, 19.811045 45.163736, 19.817654 45.163494, 19.821344 45.16186, 19.825808 45.159742, 19.828211 45.156413, 19.826323 45.154174, 19.824091 45.150058, 19.818512 45.148363, 19.807611 45.148484, 19.799114 45.151752, 19.797998 45.156595, 19.804178 45.161315))","coordinates":"POINT (19.810109 45.157278)","country":["Serbia"],"elevation":{"avg":250,"min":99,"max":539,"unit":"msl"},"size":{"value":49210,"unit":"ha"},"relatedLocations":[{"title":"Kraljeva stolica and Radar station","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/locations\/","suffix":"fac93276-8a7a-4bde-939a-5c154e16136f"},"changed":"2024-05-07T14:21:38+0200"},{"title":"Fruska gora Radar Station","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/locations\/","suffix":"c8639ded-c397-4078-befa-9fad2c9728be"},"changed":"2024-05-07T14:21:19+0200"},{"title":"Fruska gora_KS3","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/locations\/","suffix":"c5e84d95-5ff0-4344-918d-e5e5862f5ebe"},"changed":"2024-05-07T14:21:19+0200"},{"title":"Fruska gora KS2","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/locations\/","suffix":"1539d67e-762d-4489-9cf2-4c4bd5e4188d"},"changed":"2024-05-07T14:21:19+0200"},{"title":"Fruska gora_KS1","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/locations\/","suffix":"18a5b2fd-9a29-43c0-8e51-59a81b574da5"},"changed":"2024-05-07T14:21:19+0200"}]},"focusDesignScale":{"experiments":{"design":"partly experimentation","scale":"plot scale"},"observations":{"design":"partly observation","scale":"entire catchment"},"observedProperties":[{"label":"atmospheric parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20937"},{"label":"atmospheric pressure","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22060"},{"label":"biological parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20940"},{"label":"canopy cover rate","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22076"},{"label":"community composition","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22086"},{"label":"deadwood decaying rate","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22101"},{"label":"disturbance pattern","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21473"},{"label":"ecosystem parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20939"},{"label":"ecosystem structure","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21475"},{"label":"forest structure","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21477"},{"label":"land cover","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22142"},{"label":"land use","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22143"},{"label":"land use intensity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22144"},{"label":"landscape fragmentation","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22149"},{"label":"landscape parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20943"},{"label":"leaf area","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22156"},{"label":"leaf area ratio","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22158"},{"label":"litter residence time","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10048"},{"label":"plant carbon concentration","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22187"},{"label":"plant height","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22192"},{"label":"precipitation intensity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22204"},{"label":"species abundance","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10018"},{"label":"species group abundance","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10021"},{"label":"species turnover","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22288"},{"label":"total carbon","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22296"},{"label":"tree age","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22300"},{"label":"tree diameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22303"},{"label":"tree diameter at breast height","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22304"},{"label":"tree height","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22305"},{"label":"wind speed","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22319"}]},"infrastructure":{"accessibleAllYear":true,"accessType":"regular car","allPartsAccessible":true,"maintenanceInterval":15,"permanentPowerSupply":true,"operation":{"permanent":false,"notes":null,"siteVisitInterval":30},"notes":null,"collection":[{"label":"2 - 5 places","uri":null},{"label":"\u003E 10 beds","uri":null},{"label":"Central station(s)","uri":null},{"label":"More than 10 m above canopy","uri":null},{"label":"No within site data transmission","uri":null},{"label":"Paper","uri":null},{"label":"Proprietary file format","uri":null},{"label":"Radio transmission system (repeaters. receivers. centralstation)","uri":null},{"label":"Satellite","uri":null},{"label":"Spatial data file (GIS)","uri":null},{"label":"Unstructured file","uri":null},{"label":"Vehicle 2WD","uri":null},{"label":"Vehicle 4WD","uri":null},{"label":"Web Map Service (WMS)","uri":null}],"data":{"policy":{"url":null,"rights":["Co-authorship on publications resulting from use of the dataset","Formal acknowledgement of the dataset providers","The opportunity to collaborate on the project using the dataset"],"notes":null}}},"relatedResources":null,"projectRelated":{"lter":{"lterSiteClassification":"Master Site"}}}}