{"title":"Tatra National Park - Slovakia","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/","suffix":"f7b73d7c-068f-4406-b4e8-13e5c6e212b9"},"type":"site","created":"2012-12-25T19:01:09+01:00","changed":"2025-05-05T09:17:06+02:00","attributes":{"affiliation":{"networks":[{"network":{"name":"European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP)","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"a020d91b-500b-474e-948b-cf5856121cb2"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":false},{"network":{"name":"GERI","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"c3abdc60-49f1-49db-81fe-863b7dbb21d3"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"ILTER","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"1aa7ccb2-a14b-43d6-90ac-5e0a6bc1d65b"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"LTER Europe","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"4742ffca-65ac-4aae-815f-83738500a1fc"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"LTER Slovakia","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"3d6a8d72-9f86-4082-ad56-a361b4cdc8a0"}},"siteCode":"LTER_EU_SK_006","verified":true}],"projects":[{"label":"ExpeER","uri":"https:\/\/www.expeeronline.eu\/"},{"label":"Natura 2000","uri":"https:\/\/natura2000.eea.europa.eu\/"},{"label":"eLTER (H2020)","uri":"https:\/\/cordis.europa.eu\/project\/id\/654359"}]},"contact":{"siteManager":[{"type":"person","name":"Peter Fleischer","email":"pfleischer@lesytanap.sk","orcid":null},{"type":"person","name":"Zuzana Homolov\u00e1","email":"zhomolova@lesytanap.sk","orcid":null}],"operatingOrganisation":[{"type":"organisation","name":"State Forests of Tatra National Park","url":"http:\/\/www.lesytanap.sk\/sk\/","ror":null}],"metadataProvider":[{"type":"organisation","name":"State Forests of Tatra National Park","url":"http:\/\/www.lesytanap.sk\/sk\/","ror":null},{"type":"person","name":"Peter Fleischer","email":"pfleischer@lesytanap.sk","orcid":null}],"fundingAgency":null,"siteUrl":[{"title":null,"value":"http:\/\/www.lesytanap.sk"}]},"general":{"abstract":"The spruce forest ecosystem has been intensively studied since 1990s (resistance to pollution, insect infestation, weather extremes). After large-scale destruction by wind (12,000 ha) in 2004, consequent bark beetle outbreak (7,000 ha) and fire, the research was focused to four research plots (min. 100 ha each). Three of them were damaged by wind disturbance: plot NEX without forestry management (no timber extraction, no afforestation); plot EXT from which timber was extracted and the plot was afforested; plot FIR damaged by fire one year after the wind disturbance. The last plot (REF) is not affected by wind disturbance (reference plot). The monitoring equipment (meteorological stations, dendrometres, transpiration flow sensors, soil lysimeters, precipitation collectors, etc.) was installed in each plot. The focus was mainly on monitoring the spatial variability of soil, vegetation and zoocenoses. Our studies confirmed permanent disturbance regime on the affected area and unexpectedly fast and successful regeneration of ecosystem after damage. The intense, but short-term increase in nutrient flows (especially nitrogen) and the renewal of carbon sequestration confirm the adaptation of ecosystems to this disturbance regime. We found increase in biodiversity (abundance and diversity of fauna and flora) caused by disturbance. Future risk poses projected warming which might dramatically change growing condition for dominant tree species and increase population of bark beetles.","citation":null,"relatedIdentifiers":null,"status":{"label":"Operational","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/elter_cl\/10772"},"yearEstablished":2005,"yearClosed":null,"relatedSites":[{"typeOfRelationship":{"label":"belongs to","uri":"null"},"listOfSites":[{"type":"site","title":"Tatra Mountains Biosphere Reserve - Poland, Slovakia","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/","suffix":"c4bbebb0-f5e4-43c3-9cf8-6bb946e7173d"},"changed":"2023-07-26T09:35:24+0200"}]}],"siteName":"Tatra National Park","shortName":"Tatra Mts","siteType":"Stationary land-based site","protectionLevel":[{"label":"Category II \u2013 National Park","uri":"http:\/\/dd.eionet.europa.eu\/vocabularyconcept\/cdda\/IucnCategoryValue\/II"},{"label":"Category Ib \u2013 Wilderness Area","uri":"http:\/\/dd.eionet.europa.eu\/vocabularyconcept\/cdda\/IucnCategoryValue\/Ib"}],"landUse":null,"images":[{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/DSC_0020.JPG","alt":"not defined"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/tatra-national-park-slovakia_6335.jpg","alt":"Soil respiration measurement"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/tatra-national-park-slovakia_6336.jpg","alt":"Dendrometers installed on spruce trees"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/tatra-national-park-slovakia_6337.jpg","alt":"Eddy covariance equipment"}]},"environmentalCharacteristics":{"airTemperature":{"yearlyAverage":5.3,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"\u00b0C","referencePeriod":null},"precipitation":{"yearlyAverage":805,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"mm","referencePeriod":null},"biogeographicalRegion":"alpine","biome":"mixed_forest","ecosystemType":[{"label":"Forest","uri":null},{"label":"Temperate coniferous forests","uri":null}],"eunisHabitat":[{"label":"Coniferous woodland (G3)","uri":null},{"label":"Fir and spruce woodland (G3.1)","uri":null},{"label":"Woodland, forest and other wooded land (G)","uri":null}],"landforms":null,"geoBonBiome":["Terrestrial"],"geology":"Mountains built by crystalline core (granit) surrounded by Paleogenne sedimets in valleys. In mountains and foothills dominate: Quatternary sediments - (glacial) moraines, glacifluvial and fluvila sediments","hydrology":"Steep precipitation gradient, from 800 mm\/year in lower part up to 1800 mm\/year in the upper part of the site. Maximum precipitation ammount in summer. Typical characteristic is low evaporation causing high runoff from the mountains. In winter water accumulated in snow (November-May). High stoniness on morains is reason for low water table. Rivers are generally small and network dense.","soils":"Lithosols in the highest part Rankers in apline meadows and sublpine ecosystems, partly in forest Podsols and Cabisols dominates in spruce forest Pseudogleys in the lower part, alluvial forest","vegetation":"Larche-spruce oligotrophic forest dominates. In 2004 forest was heavily affected by windstorm. Due to windfall and consequent bark beetle attack only 25% of previous forest has remained standing."},"geographic":{"boundaries":"MULTIPOLYGON (((20.161510509564 49.119578710312, 20.168042503092 49.121795507697, 20.161519417405 49.131345489115, 20.154971828074 49.129084689421, 20.161510509564 49.119578710312)), ((20.242992780857 49.167564683415, 20.2390078744 49.164330297223, 20.251500537493 49.157710056963, 20.25583705938 49.161735676833, 20.242992780857 49.167564683415)), ((20.109131765989 49.120931850281, 20.110132979555 49.123166896339, 20.105179320032 49.125199254148, 20.103881142628 49.122755650356, 20.109131765989 49.120931850281)))","coordinates":"POINT (20.161672 49.125286)","country":["Slovakia"],"elevation":{"avg":1100,"min":900,"max":1750,"unit":"msl"},"size":{"value":132.12,"unit":"ha"},"relatedLocations":null},"focusDesignScale":{"experiments":{"design":"partly experimentation","scale":"beyond catchment scale"},"observations":{"design":"partly observation","scale":"beyond catchment"},"observedProperties":[{"label":"abiotic heterogeneity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21476"},{"label":"above ground net primary production","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10043"},{"label":"atmospheric parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20937"},{"label":"biological parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20940"},{"label":"canopy cover rate","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22076"},{"label":"canopy gap area","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22077"},{"label":"community composition","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22086"},{"label":"disturbance pattern","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21473"},{"label":"diversity index","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21513"},{"label":"ecosystem parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20939"},{"label":"ecosystem structure","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21475"},{"label":"faunistic diversity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22119"},{"label":"fire severity index","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22120"},{"label":"floristic diversity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22122"},{"label":"forest structure","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21477"},{"label":"leaf area","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22156"},{"label":"leaf area ratio","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22158"},{"label":"nitrogen content","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22174"},{"label":"percent carbon","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22181"},{"label":"percent organic carbon","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22183"},{"label":"plant carbon concentration","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22187"},{"label":"plant cover","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22188"},{"label":"plant species composition","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22195"},{"label":"plant transpiration","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22197"},{"label":"precipitation intensity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22204"},{"label":"species abundance","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10018"},{"label":"species composition","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22285"},{"label":"species richness","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22287"},{"label":"wind direction","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22317"},{"label":"wind speed","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22319"}]},"infrastructure":{"accessibleAllYear":true,"accessType":"dirt road  (4WD)","allPartsAccessible":true,"maintenanceInterval":21,"permanentPowerSupply":true,"operation":{"permanent":false,"notes":null,"siteVisitInterval":7},"notes":"All 5 sites are located less than 10 km from the headquater which provides labs and accomodation facilities. Field sites are easilly accesible on foot, distance from the main road cca 1 km, or by 4x4 vehicle. ","collection":[{"label":"Central station(s)","uri":null},{"label":"GMS\/UMTS","uri":null},{"label":"Less than 10 m above canopy","uri":null},{"label":"Lysimeter","uri":null},{"label":"Proprietary file format","uri":null},{"label":"Relational database","uri":null},{"label":"Structured file","uri":null},{"label":"Unstructured file","uri":null},{"label":"Vehicle 4WD","uri":null}],"data":{"policy":{"url":null,"rights":null,"notes":null}}},"relatedResources":null,"projectRelated":{"lter":{"lterSiteClassification":"Master Site"}}}}