{"title":"Campos Rupestres da Serra do Cip\u00f3 - Brazil","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/","suffix":"fc558c06-d187-4dff-89b8-35df90297db8"},"type":"site","created":"2019-11-05T16:15:31+01:00","changed":"2023-08-08T09:30:15+02:00","attributes":{"affiliation":{"networks":null,"projects":null},"contact":{"siteManager":[{"type":"person","name":"Geraldo  Fernandes","email":null,"orcid":null}],"operatingOrganisation":null,"metadataProvider":null,"fundingAgency":null,"siteUrl":[{"title":null,"value":"https:\/\/sites.icb.ufmg.br\/leeb\/peld\/"}]},"general":{"abstract":"For over 20 years as a team of Long Term Sites in Serra do Cip\u00f3 PELD-CRSC has been working to answer crucial questions of evolutionary ecology and provide a basis for understanding the spatio-temporal ecosystem functioning and it is future challenges with changes in climate and land use.","citation":null,"relatedIdentifiers":null,"status":{"label":"Operational","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/elter_cl\/10772"},"yearEstablished":2009,"yearClosed":null,"relatedSites":null,"siteName":"Campos Rupestres da Serra do Cip\u00f3","shortName":"CRSC","siteType":"Stationary land-based site","protectionLevel":[{"label":"Category II \u2013 National Park","uri":"http:\/\/dd.eionet.europa.eu\/vocabularyconcept\/cdda\/IucnCategoryValue\/II"},{"label":"Category VI \u2013 Protected Area with sustainable use of natural resources","uri":"http:\/\/dd.eionet.europa.eu\/vocabularyconcept\/cdda\/IucnCategoryValue\/VI"}],"landUse":[{"label":"areas without any specified planned use","uri":"http:\/\/inspire.ec.europa.eu\/codelist\/HILUCSValue\/6_5_AreasWithoutAnySpecifiedPlannedUse"},{"label":"community services","uri":"https:\/\/inspire.ec.europa.eu\/codelist\/HILUCSValue\/3_3_CommunityServices"},{"label":"cultural entertainment and recreational services","uri":"https:\/\/inspire.ec.europa.eu\/codelist\/HILUCSValue\/3_4_CulturalEntertainmentAndRecreationalServices"},{"label":"natural areas not in other economic use","uri":"https:\/\/inspire.ec.europa.eu\/codelist\/HILUCSValue\/6_3_NaturalAreasNotInOtherEconomicUse"},{"label":"other uses","uri":"https:\/\/inspire.ec.europa.eu\/codelist\/HILUCSValue\/6_5_AreasWithoutAnySpecifiedPlannedUse"},{"label":"primary production","uri":"https:\/\/inspire.ec.europa.eu\/codelist\/HILUCSValue\/1_PrimaryProduction"},{"label":"tertiary production","uri":"https:\/\/inspire.ec.europa.eu\/codelist\/HILUCSValue\/3_TertiaryProduction"}],"images":[{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/photos\/campos-rupestres-da-serra-do-cipo-brazil_6841.jpg","alt":"Map of the study site"}]},"environmentalCharacteristics":{"airTemperature":{"yearlyAverage":18,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"\u00b0C","referencePeriod":{"label":"Other, non-standardised or incomplete reference period","uri":null}},"precipitation":{"yearlyAverage":1600,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"mm","referencePeriod":{"label":"Other, non-standardised or incomplete reference period","uri":null}},"biogeographicalRegion":null,"biome":"grasslands","ecosystemType":[{"label":"Grasslands","uri":null},{"label":"Savanna","uri":null},{"label":"Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands","uri":null}],"eunisHabitat":null,"landforms":[{"label":"Mountain","uri":null},{"label":"Plateau","uri":null},{"label":"Valley","uri":null}],"geoBonBiome":["Terrestrial"],"geology":"The geological history of the region is quite old, dating back to the Precambrian period (over a billion years ago). Quartzites, the predominant sandy rocks in the Serra, were formed by marine deposits about 1.7 billion years ago. The \u0022riple marks\u0022, marks formed by the ripples of the sand caused by the movement of the waves are common. After the removal of the waters and the uplift of the mountains, the Espinha\u00e7o Range was formed. The alteration of the rocks gave rise, in the Cretaceous, to the soils currently occupied by the cerrados, rupestrian fields and gallery forests. The area is divided into two geosystems: the Espinha\u00e7o mountainous geosystem and the semi-mountainous geosystem of the Middle Cip\u00f3 river inter-plateau basin.","hydrology":"The Espinha\u00e7o Range encompass a watershed between the S\u00e3o Francisco River and the rivers of the Brazilian east coast. Several rivers of regional relevance have their sources in the Serra do Cip\u00f3 National Park or in the Morro da Pedreira APA. The rugged relief of the region favors the formation of several waterfalls, natural pools and\/or rapids of great scenic value. Due to the abundance of these water bodies, tourist visitation is extremely common, exerting strong human pressures on the fragile ecosystem.","soils":"In the Espinha\u00e7o geosystem, if not rocky outcrops, the soils are litholic, acid and shallow. They occupy accentuated, mountainous and strongly undulating reliefs with frequent rocky outcrops, normally associated with cambisols. The phytomass is represented by rocky fields subjected to annual or periodic fires. There are stretches of gallery forests along water courses, in valley bottoms and alluvial soils throughout variations in altitude.\r\nIn the semi-mountainous geosystem of the inter-plateau basin of the Middle Cip\u00f3 river, the soils found in this geosystem present an incipient B horizon (allic and dystrophic cambisols). The soils are thicker, due to the decomposition of limestone and alluvial deposits. The soils are well-irrigated and suffer flooding during the wet season and have low natural fertility and susceptibility to erosion. The phytomass comes from savannah and gallery forests.","vegetation":"The vegetation of the region is extremely varied and diverse and the degree of endemism is one of the highest in the world. The region is home to the most extraordinary sample of rocky outcrops in Brazil. At least three major vegetation formations (Cerrado, Mata Atl\u00e2ntica and Caatinga) can be defined due to geographic positioning, the varied morphology of the uneven soil and the climatic variation at different altitudes. In the research area four main types of vegetation are frequent which are: Cerrado, Campo rupestre, Atlantic forest patches (cap\u00e3o de mata) and gallery forests."},"geographic":{"boundaries":"POLYGON ((-43.50174 -19.208948, -43.672028 -19.308774, -43.612976 -19.518598, -43.423462 -19.558719, -43.286133 -19.407244, -43.341064 -19.255628, -43.50174 -19.208948))","coordinates":"POINT (-43.582207 -19.291999)","country":["Brazil"],"elevation":{"avg":null,"min":750,"max":1.67,"unit":"msl"},"size":{"value":100,"unit":"ha"},"relatedLocations":null},"focusDesignScale":{"experiments":{"design":"mainly experimentation","scale":"plot scale"},"observations":{"design":"mainly observation","scale":"plot within catchment"},"observedProperties":[{"label":"above ground biomass","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22025"},{"label":"acid neutralizing capacity of soil","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10300"},{"label":"albedo","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21351"},{"label":"alpha diversity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22040"},{"label":"altitudinal gradient","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21352"},{"label":"animal species abundance","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10336"},{"label":"atmospheric parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20937"},{"label":"beta diversity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22067"},{"label":"biodiversity loss","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20153"},{"label":"biological diversity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21391"},{"label":"biological parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20940"},{"label":"biomass allocation","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21360"},{"label":"biotic diversity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22069"},{"label":"body size","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21366"},{"label":"canopy cover rate","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22076"},{"label":"canopy structure","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21446"},{"label":"cation exchange capacity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22084"},{"label":"community composition","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22086"},{"label":"community pattern","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21471"},{"label":"community structure","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21472"},{"label":"conductivity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22089"},{"label":"diffuse reflectance","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22105"},{"label":"dispersal distance","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21039"},{"label":"ecosystem 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abundance","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10337"},{"label":"fungi species presence","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10340"},{"label":"habitat heterogeneity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21489"},{"label":"habitat structure","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21478"},{"label":"land cover","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22142"},{"label":"land use","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22143"},{"label":"land use intensity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22144"},{"label":"landscape connectivity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22148"},{"label":"landscape heterogeneity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22150"},{"label":"landscape parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20943"},{"label":"leaf area","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22156"},{"label":"leaf area 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