{"title":"Avdat (AVD) - Israel","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/","suffix":"fcc28bb3-551a-4396-819c-0589abc6be6f"},"type":"site","created":"2013-12-02T18:57:22+01:00","changed":"2025-05-05T14:05:26+02:00","attributes":{"affiliation":{"networks":[{"network":{"name":"GERI","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"c3abdc60-49f1-49db-81fe-863b7dbb21d3"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"ILTER","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"1aa7ccb2-a14b-43d6-90ac-5e0a6bc1d65b"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"LTER Europe","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"4742ffca-65ac-4aae-815f-83738500a1fc"}},"siteCode":null,"verified":true},{"network":{"name":"LTER Israel","id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/networks\/","suffix":"e0f680c2-22b1-4424-bf54-58aa9b7476a0"}},"siteCode":"LTER_EU_IL_002","verified":true}],"projects":[{"label":"eLTER (H2020)","uri":"https:\/\/cordis.europa.eu\/project\/id\/654359"}]},"contact":{"siteManager":[{"type":"person","name":"Naftali Lazarovitch ","email":"lazarovi@bgu.ac.il","orcid":null}],"operatingOrganisation":null,"metadataProvider":[{"type":"person","name":"Arnon Karnieli","email":"karnieli@bgu.ac.il","orcid":null}],"fundingAgency":null,"siteUrl":[{"title":"LTER - ISRAEL","value":"http:\/\/lter-israel.org.il\/"}]},"general":{"abstract":"The site established in 1958. We can still find in the site the remains of terraces from the Nabatean agriculture runoff. The main research topics that being studied in the site are: biodiversity, climate change, runoff hydrology","citation":null,"relatedIdentifiers":null,"status":{"label":"Operational","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/elter_cl\/10772"},"yearEstablished":1958,"yearClosed":null,"relatedSites":null,"siteName":"Avdat (AVD)","shortName":"Avdat","siteType":"Stationary land-based site","protectionLevel":null,"landUse":null,"images":[{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2020-09\/Station%208%201960.JPG","alt":"Station 8 - 1960"},{"url":"https:\/\/deims.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2020-09\/Station%208%202020.JPG","alt":"Station 8 - 2020"}]},"environmentalCharacteristics":{"airTemperature":{"yearlyAverage":30,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"\u00b0C","referencePeriod":null},"precipitation":{"yearlyAverage":90,"monthlyAverage":null,"unit":"mm","referencePeriod":null},"biogeographicalRegion":null,"biome":"desert","ecosystemType":[{"label":"Agricultural","uri":null},{"label":"Desert","uri":null},{"label":"Deserts and xeric shrublands","uri":null}],"eunisHabitat":[{"label":"Almost bare rock pavements, including limestone pavements (H3.5)","uri":null},{"label":"Inland cliffs, rock pavements and outcrops (H3)","uri":null},{"label":"Inland unvegetated or sparsely vegetated habitats (H)","uri":null}],"landforms":null,"geoBonBiome":["Terrestrial"],"geology":"Rocky slopes and Loess surface, seasonal streams and ancient agricultural terraces","hydrology":"Rainfall and runoff depended ecosystem. The rocks are runoff source while soil patches are sink for runoff water.","soils":"Are airborne soils results from dust accumulation that form Loess soils.","vegetation":"The typical vegetation in the site are dry warbler scrub land, that rolled by: Haloxylon scoparium in the field, Artemisia sieberi and Zygophyllum dumosum in the slopes. also in the site exists a rich variety of annual vegetation in the winter"},"geographic":{"boundaries":"POLYGON ((34.7774963337 30.750591783788, 34.7774963337 30.751476935609, 34.777153010946 30.751476935609, 34.777153010946 30.750591783788, 34.7774963337 30.750591783788))","coordinates":"POINT (34.777321 30.750973)","country":["Israel"],"elevation":{"avg":570,"min":400,"max":600,"unit":"msl"},"size":{"value":50,"unit":"ha"},"relatedLocations":null},"focusDesignScale":{"experiments":{"design":"mainly experimentation","scale":"plot scale"},"observations":{"design":"partly observation","scale":"sub-catchment within catchment"},"observedProperties":[{"label":"abiotic heterogeneity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21476"},{"label":"age class","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21353"},{"label":"agricultural parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20936"},{"label":"air humidity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22032"},{"label":"air water vapour concentration","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22036"},{"label":"atmospheric parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20937"},{"label":"bacillariophyceae species richness","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10086"},{"label":"benthic invertebrates abundance","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22027"},{"label":"biological parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20940"},{"label":"birds abundance","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10020"},{"label":"birds presence","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10082"},{"label":"change in population size over time","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22085"},{"label":"community composition","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22086"},{"label":"crop surface temperature","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22091"},{"label":"crop transpiration","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22041"},{"label":"daylight length","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22100"},{"label":"diffuse radiation intensity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22106"},{"label":"diffuse solar radiation intensity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22106"},{"label":"direct radiation intensity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22044"},{"label":"diversity index","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21513"},{"label":"ecosystem parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20939"},{"label":"ecosystem structure","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21475"},{"label":"floristic diversity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22122"},{"label":"flowering date","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22096"},{"label":"germination date","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22097"},{"label":"global radiation irradiance","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22125"},{"label":"heat flux","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22130"},{"label":"incoming radiation intensity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22134"},{"label":"irradiance","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22140"},{"label":"land cover","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22142"},{"label":"land use","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22143"},{"label":"land use intensity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22144"},{"label":"landscape composition","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22146"},{"label":"landscape configuration","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22147"},{"label":"landscape connectivity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22148"},{"label":"landscape fragmentation","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22149"},{"label":"landscape metrics","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10042"},{"label":"landscape parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20943"},{"label":"long wave radiation","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22164"},{"label":"net solar radiation irradiance","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22173"},{"label":"normalized vegetation index","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22175"},{"label":"nutrient availability","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21457"},{"label":"patch density","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22179"},{"label":"patch size","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22180"},{"label":"plant carbon concentration","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22187"},{"label":"plant development stage","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22190"},{"label":"plant species composition","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22195"},{"label":"population size","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22199"},{"label":"precipitation intensity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22204"},{"label":"soil evaporation","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22249"},{"label":"soil gas flux","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22251"},{"label":"soil matrix water potential","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22255"},{"label":"soil matrix water pressure head","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22256"},{"label":"soil mobile water content","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22258"},{"label":"soil moisture content","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10039"},{"label":"soil moisture field capacity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10396"},{"label":"soil pH","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22264"},{"label":"soil parameter","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/20944"},{"label":"soil profile water content","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22268"},{"label":"soil respiration","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22269"},{"label":"soil salinity","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22270"},{"label":"soil saturation index","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21515"},{"label":"soil solute amount","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22272"},{"label":"soil suction","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22277"},{"label":"soil temperature","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22278"},{"label":"soil texture","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22279"},{"label":"soil water content","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22281"},{"label":"soil water potential","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22283"},{"label":"soil water retention","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/30034"},{"label":"solar radiation","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22284"},{"label":"species abundance","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10018"},{"label":"species composition","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22285"},{"label":"species group abundance","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10021"},{"label":"species list","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22286"},{"label":"species presence","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/10081"},{"label":"species richness","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22287"},{"label":"total carbon","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22296"},{"label":"total organic carbon","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22297"},{"label":"vegetation layer composition","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22307"},{"label":"vegetation layer structure","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/21480"},{"label":"vegetation layer type","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22308"},{"label":"wind direction","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22317"},{"label":"wind direction (mean and gust)","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22318"},{"label":"wind speed","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22319"},{"label":"wind speed (mean and gust)","uri":"http:\/\/vocabs.lter-europe.net\/EnvThes\/22320"}]},"infrastructure":{"accessibleAllYear":true,"accessType":"paved road","allPartsAccessible":true,"maintenanceInterval":7,"permanentPowerSupply":true,"operation":{"permanent":false,"notes":null,"siteVisitInterval":7},"notes":"Building with electricity and water","collection":[{"label":"\u003E 10 beds","uri":null},{"label":"\u003E 5 places","uri":null},{"label":"Central station(s)","uri":null},{"label":"More than 100 kW","uri":null},{"label":"No tower on site","uri":null},{"label":"Other data services","uri":null},{"label":"Satellite","uri":null},{"label":"Spatial data file (GIS)","uri":null},{"label":"Telephone line","uri":null},{"label":"Vehicle 2WD","uri":null}],"data":{"policy":{"url":null,"rights":["Co-authorship on publications resulting from use of the dataset","Formal acknowledgement of the dataset providers","The opportunity to collaborate on the project using the dataset"],"notes":null}}},"relatedResources":[{"id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/dataset\/","suffix":"3b0463ca-c6f0-42d8-897e-5bf4cf4ac3c2"},"title":"Avdat LTER_EU_IL_002 - Meteorology Data (2008-2018)","changed":"2020-02-27T09:30:17+01:00"},{"id":{"prefix":"https:\/\/deims.org\/dataset\/","suffix":"6c8ae2a6-f602-4040-8024-637c1d824887"},"title":"Avdat LTER_EU_IL_002 - Climate impact - Aerosol data (1998-2017)","changed":"2020-02-27T09:27:52+01:00"}],"projectRelated":{"lter":{"lterSiteClassification":"Regular Site"}}}}