Bucegi-Piatra Craiului National Park - Romania

THE Bucegi Conglomerate, a thick conglomerate-sandstone unit of Albian age (Cretaceous), is well exposed in the Eastern Carpathian Chain near Sinaia, Romania. This unit occupies more than 5,000 km2 in the vicinity of the change in structural?stratigraphic trend of the mobile belt from E?W to N?S. The thickness of this remarkably coarse series is regionally variable and locally exceeds 2,000 m. To the west the conglomerate overlies, with angular unconformity, Middle and Upper Jurassic platform carbonate rocks which in turn unconformably overlie crystalline basement. To the east, over a distance of approximately 10 km, the Bucegi rests with local unconformity on Neocomian and Barremian?Aptian flysch several kilometres thick. This unconformity post-dates pre-upper Aptian to post-lower Aptian folding 1,2. Previous work has alluded to the shallow marine and nearshore origin3 of this formation, and it has been frequently referred to as a molasse, or para-molasse, mainly due to its coarse nature, its pebble shape3,5, its stratigraphic position above sandstone-shale turbidite-rich formations, and presumably also to its ?post-tectonic? position within the mobile belt. Here we consider an alternative, that is that the Bucegi Conglomerate accumulated in an infra-neritic to deep marine environment and that it records progradation of coarse material directly onto the slope and base of slope of a turbidite basin. The field observations we made in conjunction with Romanian colleagues in selected sections of the Sinaia region (Jepi Valley, Chindichiu road cuts) and an evaluation of previous reports provide a plausible basis to reconsider the depositional origin of the Bucegi. Among all types of terrain present on Earth?s surface, karst topography enjoys a remarkable reputation by special attraction exerted on us. This limestone massif Piatra Craiului resulted in the emergence of a particularly spectacular karst terrain. This relief, developed on Mesozoic limestones, is widespread throughout the Piatra Craiului, but is large in the south, in the surroundings of Bridge Dambovita depression. Karst phenomena themselves (gorges, caves, ravines, sinkholes, springs) were both formed at the base and platform limestone scarp of Bran. Another feature of the Rock Mountains is a massive limestone that is most pronounced stratification of the limestone in Romania. Attracted massive attention from all around the edges impressive as ?Great Organ? situated Brana Goat, a ridge over 100 feet tall too stratified, with layers turned upside down to 120 degrees. Also in this valley can not overlook towers located at 200 Diana m altitude above the refuge of the same name. Also needle Valley crack crack, Padina His finger?s Calinet Calinet, Belt Cioranga with Cioranga Canyon limestone formations are of great interest not only geological but also because here are some of the most difficult climbing routes in the country. Bizarre shapes such as needles, spears, abound throughout length of causing the ridge to look deoboseala tourist or they can remember Caldarea cotidian.Dintre stress is inevitable, the amphitheater in Padina Sindileriei, Cioranga Great Valley, shoulders Pietrii Mountains, Red Belt, or at fence. Taken together Masi National Park Karst is a vast territory, a great monument of nature in the broad sense of the word, because only proper appearance or the many and varied but specific karst geological phenomena, resulting from the break of this limestone which favored the most diverse of this nature: caves, springs, caves, gorges, saw the debris, arches, windows, walls. At the end of 1981, 161 were classified in the mountain caves, of which 158 formed in limestone, and 3 in the conglomerates. Of the numerous caves remark: Bears-Cave (850 m) is located in the Dambovita Small Gorges. Today the cave is put under the care and closed the metal door. Dambovicioarei-Cave (870 m) is located in Cave Valley Gorge Dambovicioarei, affordable car. Cave-bats (950 m) is located in the east village on the slope of Cave Hill Church, is populated with a large colony of bats. Grind-pit below the peak (1700 m) is the deepest well in the country (-515 m) and No. 8 in world ranking of the deep underground water network. -Pit of Vladusca (1680 m) is developed in Cretaceous conglomerates and has a depth of 83 m-pit of the Dambovita Grind-Small Gorges (Gorges Plaiului) have a wild and imposing aspect is accessible vehicles. BRUSTURET-Gorge-Gorge-Gorge Dambovicioarei Prapastiile Zarnestilor is a spectacular gorge over 200 m high walls, springs, arches, towers of limestone caves, saw the debris. A great scientific importance is the three avens Grindului area they represent an excellent geographic profile of 500 m depth, which will certainly provide a number of clarifications and even new data on stratigraphy, tectonics and Stone Park. The presence of this geographically large underground hole in the ridge where the watercourses are missing, is a compelling milestone in supporting the hypothesis of the existence of glaciers in the Piatra Craiului National Park, the much controversial literature. The most famous cave is near the tusks Chiliilor (anexa2), because there?s still the fifteenth century, refugees from the invaded Turkish residents have ?transformed? cave church. The shrine located in the finals of the caves can be admired by every tourist. By far the best known of the massive karst phenomena are the keys that due to their length of over 5 km (Dambovicioarei, Zarnestiului) and requires the walls up to 200 meters making it enchants tourists to return. Geomorphology Stone Mountains individuality suggests that massive, massive limestone is the only country with the highest slopes of the 2000m and prone to over 35 degrees. mentions in particular the western slope, which, by appearance or very specific, it must be as representative of the relief, rating specialists synthesized by the notion of ?National Park slope type? with the highest density of waste forms (edges, fangs , towers, pyramids, etc.). that in the absence of vegetation and soil, increase the ?wilderness? and the picturesque slope, many of them are unique morphology, which deserves to be declared protected natuni River Network6/6/13 PiatraCraiului,PiatraCraiului mountains, Cebony,refuges, weather, climate, flora, fauna, forests, walls,rocks, laughter, Carpathianbear, wolf, edelweiss,Ga? zarnesti.net/en/piatra-craiului-mountains/overview/ 6/7 Massif has a constitution mainly limestone, this being characterized by the impossibility of rising water retention. It is worth noting that over 1200- 1400 m, all of which cross the mountain valleys are completely devoid of water, water being the only valley on the outskirts of the massif. Valleys belong to different basins: Basin-Olt: Barsa Mare Mare River;-Basin Dambovita: Dambovita and Dambovicioara;-Streams on marked trails;- Streams unmarked routes. Dambovita Upper Stone Mountains delimit the geographic area of more than 20 km avad a number of tributaries on the left starting with the tributary T?ma?ului Valley Spring Valley Dragaslavenilor Otetelii then why spring is born from the union with Padina Tamaselului lance. Dambovicioara is deepened through the valley where BRUSTURET shows a rich network of valleys with water. Moecilui Zbarcioara with Valley Valley and Simon give birth Turkish hard rock cut keys in the middle of Bran. Its tributaries Magura Valley, Valley Nan Corbosestilor Valley, Valley Valley Rogoazei Dick ssi.