Hyytiälä SMEAR II LTER - Finland

Basic Information
Site Name
Hyytiälä SMEAR II LTER
Short name
HYY-SMR
Country
Finland
Web Address
Hyytiälä Forestry Field station
Hyytiälä SMEAR 2 site
INAR homepage
Site Manager
Janne Levula
Jaana Bäck
Operating Organisation
SMEAR II, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki
Funding Agency
University of Helsinki
Keywords
aboveground production
aerosols
aquatic ecosystems
aquatic GHGs
atmospheric chemistry
atmospheric deposition
atmospheric physics
atmospheric processes
belowground biomass
BVOC emissions
canopy cover
carbon fluxes
carbonyl sulphide
CH4 fluxes
CO2 flux per soil horizon
Disssolved organic Carbon and Nitrogen (DOC, DON)
ecosystem processes
ecosystem properties
evapotranspiration
Fluorescence active
Fluorescence passive
forest growth
Forest management
freshwater
GHG (Greenhouse Gas) Fluxes
GPP
ground vegetation
heat flux
mosses
N2O flux
NPP (Net Primary Production)
Ozone concentration
ozone flux
PAR (Photosynthetic Active Radiation)
peatland ecology
photosynthesis
PRI (Photochemical Reflectance Index)
Radiation below canopy
respiration rates
sap flow
silicon
soil carbon
soil chemistry
soil microbiology
soil respiration
sphagnum diversity
stem respiration
stream water chemistry
sun-induced fluorescence
tree ecophysiology
VOC flux
Water: Chlorophyll a content
Site Description
The SMEAR site (Station for Measuring Ecosystem-Atmosphere Relations) is situated in the Hyytiälä Forestry Field Station of the University of Helsinki. The site consists of a managed, 60-yr old Scots pine forest stand, two open oligotrophic fen sites and a humic lake with forested catchment. The main idea of SMEAR type infrastructures is continuous, comprehensive measurements of fluxes, storages and concentrations in the land ecosystem–atmosphere continuum. The forest measurements are operated continuously since 1996, and include e.g. leaf, stand and ecosystem scale measurements of greenhouse gases, volatile organic compounds, pollutants (e.g. O3, SO2, NOx) and aerosols, in addition to full suite of meteorological measurements. The biogeochemical cycles and vegetation–soil–atmosphere interactions are studied both experimentally and with long-term observations. The site has full carbon, water and nitrogen budgets made over 10 years, and it is a full ICOS ecosystem and atmospheric station.
Last modified
2020-06-29 10:06:11
General Characteristics, Purpose, History
Site Status
Operational
Year Established
1910
Purpose
The site is primarily focused on the studies on land surface–atmosphere relationships, mostly by conducting long-term observation. The overall aim is to provide information on climate and environmental changes; these questions are by definition such that they can be effectively studied only by collecting multidisciplinary, long-term data sets.
History
The Hyytiälä Forestry Field Station was established in 1910. The SMEAR 2 flux measurement station established in 1995.
Research Topics
biology
dendrochronology
ecology
aquatic ecology
lake ecology
stream ecology
wetland ecology
biodiversity
ecosystem ecology
ecosystem function
ecosystem service
forest ecology
forest dynamics
forest health
forest management
fungal ecology
land cover classification
microbial ecology
plant ecology
vegetation dynamics
population ecology
population dynamics
soil ecology
soil microbial ecology
terrestrial ecology
phenology
plant phenology
physiology
ecophysiology
plant physiology
pollen analysis
chemistry
aerosol chemistry
air chemistry
atmospheric chemistry
biogeochemistry
depositions chemistry
environmental chemistry
isotopic chemistry
soil chemistry
soil solution chemistry
water chemistry
environmental science
geology
global change
global environmental change
hydrology
forest hydrology
limnology
silviculture
meteorology
climatology
climate
climate change
climate monitoring
weather
physics
atmospheric physics
soil physics
soil science
soil chemistry
soil physics
soil solution chemistry
economy
history
land use history
Parameters
atmospheric parameter
air humidity
air specific humidity
air temperature
air vapor pressure deficit
air water vapour concentration
air water vapour pressure
atmosphere stability
atmospheric pressure
carbon dioxide concentration
daylight length
dew point
diffuse radiation intensity
diffuse reflectance
diffuse solar radiation intensity
direct radiation intensity
frost point
global radiation irradiance
heat flux
incoming radiation intensity
interception
irradiance
long wave radiation
maximum temperature
mean annual air temperature
mean annual precipitation
mean annual temperature
methane concentration
minimum temperature
net far infrared radiation irradiance
net radiation irradiance
net solar radiation irradiance
ozone concentration
plant carbon concentration
precipitation intensity
radiation below canopy intensity
reflected global radiation irradiance
reflected radiation intensity
relative humidity
saturated water content
sky temperature
snow depth
snow temperature
snow water equivalent
soil carbon dioxide flux
solar radiation
sunshine duration
total radiation irradiance
vapor pressure
vapor pressure deficit
wind direction
wind direction (mean and gust)
wind speed
wind speed (mean and gust)
biological parameter
above ground biomass
age class
age distribution
annual net primary production
biological diversity
breast height diameter
canopy aerodynamic resistance
canopy cover rate
canopy growth rate
canopy height
canopy temperature
canopy transpiration
crown closure
date of start of stem elongation
forest cover
functional diversity
greenness
Greenness Index
leaf age
leaf area
leaf area ratio
leaf longevity time
leaf nitrogen concentration
leaf nutrient
microbial biomass carbon
net assimilation rate
net photosynthetic rate
net primary productivity
nitrogen content
nitrogen dioxide flux
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index
nutrient flux
photochemical reflectance index
photosynthetic rate
plant carbon concentration
plant cover
plant development stage
plant growth rate
plant height
plant nutrient
plant size
plant transpiration
population size
primary productivity
root biomass
root density
root dry weight
root growth rate
root length
shoot growth rate
stress response
tree age
tree basal area
tree condition
tree diameter
tree diameter at breast height
tree height
tree mortality
air methane concentration
air nitrogen oxides concentration
below ground autotrophic respiration
biochemical composition
carbon dioxide concentration
carbon dioxide flux per soil horizon
chemical composition of water
dissolved organic carbon in soil
dissolved organic nitrogen
insoluble organic carbon content
leaf nitrogen concentration
leaf nutrient
methane concentration
microbial biomass carbon
nitrogen budget
nitrous oxyde emission
nutrient concentration
pH value of water
plant carbon concentration
plant nitrogen concentration
soil carbon dioxyde emission from residues
soil carbon dioxyde flux
soil carbon storage
soil gas flux
soil nitrogen
soil nutrient
soil organic carbon
soil pH
soil solution concentration
total carbon
total organic carbon
ecosystem parameter
above ground biomass
above ground net primary production
below ground autotrophic respiration
biomass allocation
canopy aerodynamic resistance
canopy growth rate
canopy height
canopy structure
canopy temperature
canopy transpiration
carbon dioxide concentration
deadwood decaying rate
deadwood volume
ecosystem health
ecosystem structure
forest cover
forest structure
fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation
ground water level
heat flow
heterotrophic respiration
land cover type
latent heat
leaf age
leaf area
leaf area index
leaf nitrogen concentration
leaf nutrient
leaf size
litter size
microbial diversity
microbial respiration
normalized vegetation index
photosynthetically active radiation intensity
plant cover
plant density
plant species composition
plant transpiration
potential evaporation
radiation below canopy intensity
root biomass
root density
root growth rate
root length
sapwood area
soil heat flux
soil microbial diversity
soil organic residual
species composition
species list
transpiration rate
tree age
tree basal area
tree condition
tree diameter
tree diameter at breast height
tree distribution
tree height
vapor pressure deficit
vegetation layer composition
vegetation layer structure
vegetation layer type
vegetation pattern
vegetation reflectance
environmental parameter
abiotic heterogeneity
ground surface temperature
ground temperature
land surface temperature
snow depth
landscape parameter
land cover
land use
remote sensing parameter
albedo
diffuse radiation intensity
diffuse reflectance
diffuse solar radiation intensity
direct radiation intensity
global radiation irradiance
incoming radiation intensity
interception
irradiance
long wave radiation
net far infrared radiation irradiance
net radiation irradiance
net solar radiation irradiance
ozone concentration
photosynthetically active radiation intensity
radiation below canopy intensity
reflected global radiation irradiance
reflected radiation intensity
soil albedo
solar radiation
total radiation irradiance
vegetation reflectance
water albedo
soil parameter
carbon dioxide concentration
carbon dioxide flux per soil horizon
carbon-to-nitrogen ratio
reflected global radiation irradiance
respiration rate
soil carbon storage
soil depth
soil evaporation
soil gas flux
soil matrix water potential
soil microbial diversity
soil moisture content
soil moisture field capacity
soil nitrogen
soil organic carbon
soil pH
soil profile water content
soil respiration
soil temperature
soil texture
soil volumetric water content
soil water potential
thickness of soil horizon
total organic carbon
water parameter
carbon dioxide concentration
dissolved organic carbon in water
lake temperature
photosynthetically active radiation intensity
runoff amount
water level
water temperature
Photos
Hyytiälä forest and Tall tower

Hyytiälä forest and Tall tower

Siikaneva peatland measurement site

Siikaneva peatland measurement site

Lake Kuivajärvi, Hyytiälä

Lake Kuivajärvi, Hyytiälä

Hyytiälä pine forest

Hyytiälä pine forest

on top of the tower

on top of the tower

branch enclosure for measuring gas excahnge

branch enclosure for measuring gas excahnge

Hyytiälä tall tower

Hyytiälä tall tower

Geographic
Size
20000.00ha
Elevation (average)
180.00msl
Elevation (min)
140.00msl
Elevation (max)
200.00msl
Related observation location(s)
Affiliation and Network Specific Information
Affiliation
ILTER✔This site is a verified "ILTER" member.
LTER Europe✔This site is a verified "LTER Europe" member.
ICOS✖ (http://meta.icos-cp.eu/ontologies/stationentry/AS/ATM-HYY)The affiliation of this site with "ICOS" is not verified.
ACTRIS✖The affiliation of this site with "ACTRIS" is not verified.
LTER Finland✔ (LTER_EU_FI_007)This site is a verified "LTER Finland" member.
INTERACT✖ (https://eu-interact.org/field-sites/hyytiala-forestry-reseatch-station-smear-ii/)The affiliation of this site with "INTERACT" is not verified.
AnaEE✖The affiliation of this site with "AnaEE" is not verified.
Projects
CarboEurope
EMEP
WMO
WMO Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW)
eLTER catalogue
INGOS
E-SHAPE (H2020)
Eclaire
eLTER (H2020)
eLTER Plus (H2020) - RA
eLTER Plus (H2020) - TA
eLTER Plus (H2020) - VA
EuroFLUX
ExpeER
FLUXNet
NitroEurope
Download

Site information [.json]

Centroid coordinates [.shp] [.kml]
GEO-BON Biome
Fresh water lakes
Fresh water rivers
Terrestrial
Biome
Evergreen Forest
Ecosystem and Land Use
Forest
Boreal forests/taiga
Evergreen Forest
Lakes
Fresh Water Lakes
Biogeographical Region
Boreal Bio-geographical Region
Air Temperature: Average Annual
3.50°C
Air Temperature Range (Monthly Minimum)
-11.50°C
Air Temperature Range (Monthly Maximum)
21.60°C
Precipitation Annual
711.00mm
Precipitation Maximum Monthly
201.10mm
Precipitation Minimum Monthly
1.10mm
Vegetation
Managed coniferous forest regenerated in early 1960's, ground vegetation mainly bilberry-lingonberry-mosses. Protected and non-protected fen areas where partial water level management has been done.
Soils
Haplic podzol formed in a glacial till, with an average depth of 0,5-0,7 m.
Hydrology
Humid continental.
EUNIS habitat
Inland surface waters (C)
Inland surface waters (C) » Surface running waters (C2)
Inland surface waters (C) » Surface running waters (C2) » Permanent non-tidal, fast, turbulent watercourses (C2.2)
Inland surface waters (C) » Surface standing waters (C1)
Inland surface waters (C) » Surface standing waters (C1) » Permanent mesotrophic lakes, ponds and pools (C1.2)
Mires, bogs and fens (D)
Mires, bogs and fens (D) » Valley mires, poor fens and transition mires (D2)
Mires, bogs and fens (D) » Valley mires, poor fens and transition mires (D2) » Poor fens and soft-water spring mires (D2.2)
Woodland, forest and other wooded land (G)
Woodland, forest and other wooded land (G) » Coniferous woodland (G3)
Woodland, forest and other wooded land (G) » Coniferous woodland (G3) » Pine taiga woodland (G3.B)
Woodland, forest and other wooded land (G) » Coniferous woodland (G3) » Spruce taiga woodland (G3.A)
Woodland, forest and other wooded land (G) » Mixed deciduous and coniferous woodland (G4)
Woodland, forest and other wooded land (G) » Mixed deciduous and coniferous woodland (G4) » Mixed taiga woodland with birch (G4.2)
Site Type (Spatial Design)
Complex Site
Design of Experimentation
partly experimentation
Scale of Experimentation
plot scale
Design of Observation
mainly observation
Scale of Observation
sub-catchment within catchment
Infrastructure
Data infrastructure
Data infrastructure » Data services » Data portal
Data infrastructure » Data services » Other data services
Data infrastructure » Data storage » Structured file
Data infrastructure » Data storage » Unstructured file
Energy and data infrastructure
Energy and data infrastructure » Energy supply
Energy and data infrastructure » Energy supply » Permanent Power Produced
Energy and data infrastructure » Energy supply » Permanent Power Produced » More than 100 kW
Energy and data infrastructure » Energy supply » Permanent Power Supply Location » Central station(s)
Energy and data infrastructure » Data transmission
Energy and data infrastructure » Data transmission » Data Transmission Type (within site) » GMS/UMTS
Energy and data infrastructure » Data transmission » Data Transmission Type (within site) » Cable based
Energy and data infrastructure » Data transmission » Data Transmission Type (from Site) » Telephone line
Energy and data infrastructure » Data transmission » Data Transmission Type (from Site) » GMS/UMTS
Energy and data infrastructure » Data transmission » Data Transmission Type (from Site) » Cable based
Maintenance infrastructure
Maintenance infrastructure » Snow clearing equipment
Maintenance infrastructure » Snow clearing frequency » Daily
Maintenance infrastructure » Snow clearing frequency » Weekly
Observation device
Observation device » Temperature Controlled Container
Observation device » Measurement tower
Observation device » Measurement tower » In canopy
Observation device » Measurement tower » Less than 10 m above canopy
Observation device » Measurement tower » More than 10 m above canopy
Supporting infrastructure
Supporting infrastructure » Staff room at site
Supporting infrastructure » Staff room at site » > 5 places
Supporting infrastructure » Staff room at site » Unknown number of places
Supporting infrastructure » Lodging at site » > 10 beds
Supporting infrastructure » Transportation » Vehicle 4WD
Supporting infrastructure » Transportation » Vehicle 2WD
Supporting infrastructure » Transportation » Boat
Supporting infrastructure » Transportation » Snow mobile
Accessible All Year
Yes
All parts of Site Accessible
Yes
Access Type
regular car
Permanent Power Supply
Yes
Permanent Operation
Yes
Site Visit Interval
1
Maintenance Interval
1
General Data Policy
The data provider must be offered co-authorship for publications using this dataset at least within the metadata description
The opportunity to collaborate on the project using the dataset
The data provider is given and agrees to a statement of uses to which the dataset will be put
Data Policy URL
http://avaa.tdata.fi/web/smart/smear/terms-of-use
Data Storage Location
Central
Data Services
Other data service
LTER Site Classification
Master
Related Resources
3 dataset(s) in total:
Hyytiälä Meteorologic data
Hyytiälä vegetation
Juupajoki vegetation
There is EURO-CORDEX climate scenario data available for this site:
Projected Near Surface Specific Humidity ChangeRCP26RCP45RCP85
Projected Precipitation ChangeRCP26RCP45RCP85
Projected Sea Level Pressure ChangeRCP26RCP45RCP85
Projected Surface Downwelling Shortwave RadiationRCP26RCP45RCP85
Projected Near-Surface Wind SpeedRCP26RCP45RCP85
Projected Near-Surface Air TemperatureRCP26RCP45RCP85
Projected Daily Maximum Near-Surface Air TemperatureRCP26RCP45RCP85
Projected Daily Minimum Near-Surface Air TemperatureRCP26RCP45RCP85

You can also download the entire climate scenario dataset for this site from the EUDAT B2SHARE data store.