Hyytiälä SMEAR II LTER - Finland

Basic Information
Site Name
Hyytiälä SMEAR II LTER
Short name
HYY-SMR
Country
Finland
Web Address
Hyytiälä Forestry Field station
Hyytiälä SMEAR 2 site
INAR homepage
Site Manager
Janne Levula
Jaana Bäck
Operating Organisation
SMEAR II, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki
Funding Agency
University of Helsinki
Keywords
aboveground production
aerosols
aquatic ecosystems
aquatic GHGs
atmospheric chemistry
atmospheric deposition
atmospheric physics
atmospheric processes
belowground biomass
BVOC emissions
canopy cover
carbon fluxes
carbonyl sulphide
CH4 fluxes
CO2 flux per soil horizon
Disssolved organic Carbon and Nitrogen (DOC, DON)
ecosystem processes
ecosystem properties
evapotranspiration
Fluorescence active
Fluorescence passive
forest growth
Forest management
freshwater
GHG (Greenhouse Gas) Fluxes
GPP
ground vegetation
heat flux
mosses
N2O flux
NPP (Net Primary Production)
Ozone concentration
ozone flux
PAR (Photosynthetic Active Radiation)
peatland ecology
photosynthesis
PRI (Photochemical Reflectance Index)
Radiation below canopy
respiration rates
sap flow
silicon
soil carbon
soil chemistry
soil microbiology
soil respiration
sphagnum diversity
stem respiration
stream water chemistry
sun-induced fluorescence
tree ecophysiology
VOC flux
Water: Chlorophyll a content
Site Description
The SMEAR site (Station for Measuring Ecosystem-Atmosphere Relations) is situated in the Hyytiälä Forestry Field Station of the University of Helsinki. The site consists of a managed, 60-yr old Scots pine forest stand, two open oligotrophic fen sites and a humic lake with forested catchment. The main idea of SMEAR type infrastructures is continuous, comprehensive measurements of fluxes, storages and concentrations in the land ecosystem–atmosphere continuum. The forest measurements are operated continuously since 1996, and include e.g. leaf, stand and ecosystem scale measurements of greenhouse gases, volatile organic compounds, pollutants (e.g. O3, SO2, NOx) and aerosols, in addition to full suite of meteorological measurements. The biogeochemical cycles and vegetation–soil–atmosphere interactions are studied both experimentally and with long-term observations. The site has full carbon, water and nitrogen budgets made over 10 years, and it is a full ICOS ecosystem and atmospheric station.
Last modified
2020-03-27 11:03:17
General Characteristics, Purpose, History
Site Status
existing
Year Established
1910
Purpose
The site is primarily focused on the studies on land surface–atmosphere relationships, mostly by conducting long-term observation. The overall aim is to provide information on climate and environmental changes; these questions are by definition such that they can be effectively studied only by collecting multidisciplinary, long-term data sets.
History
The Hyytiälä Forestry Field Station was established in 1910. The SMEAR 2 flux measurement station established in 1995.
Research Topics
biology
dendrochronology
phenology
plant phenology
physiology
ecophysiology
plant physiology
ecology
biodiversity
aquatic ecology
lake ecology
stream ecology
wetland ecology
ecosystem ecology
fungal ecology
microbial ecology
plant ecology
vegetation dynamics
population ecology
population dynamics
terrestrial ecology
forest ecology
forest dynamics
forest health
forest management
ecosystem service
ecosystem function
land cover classification
soil ecology
soil microbial ecology
pollen analysis
chemistry
biogeochemistry
air chemistry
depositions chemistry
soil chemistry
soil solution chemistry
water chemistry
atmospheric chemistry
isotopic chemistry
aerosol chemistry
environmental chemistry
geology
hydrology
forest hydrology
limnology
meteorology
climatology
climate change
climate monitoring
climate
weather
physics
atmospheric physics
soil physics
environmental science
global change
global environmental change
soil science
soil chemistry
soil physics
soil solution chemistry
silviculture
history
land use history
economy
Parameters
atmospheric parameter
air humidity
air water vapour concentration
air specific humidity
air temperature
air water vapour pressure
carbon dioxide concentration
dew point
methane concentration
ozone concentration
saturated water content
vapor pressure deficit
atmosphere stability
atmospheric pressure
interception
precipitation intensity
snow depth
snow temperature
snow water equivalence
daylight length
diffuse radiation intensity
direct radiation intensity
sunshine duration
global radiation irradiance
heat flux
incoming radiation intensity
irradiance
long wave radiation
net far infrared radiation irradiance
net radiation irradiance
radiation below canopy intensity
reflected global radiation irradiance
reflected radiation intensity
solar radiation
diffuse solar radiation intensity
net solar radiation irradiance
total radiation irradiance
sky temperature
wind direction
wind direction (mean and gust)
wind speed
wind speed (mean and gust)
plant carbon concentration
mean annual precipitation
diffuse reflectance
frost point
maximum temperature
mean annual air temperature
mean annual temperature
minimum temperature
relative humidity
soil carbon dioxide flux
vapor pressure
air vapor pressure deficit
biological parameter
plant height
plant nutrient
plant transpiration
root density
root growth rate
root length
canopy aerodynamic resistance
canopy cover rate
canopy growth rate
canopy height
canopy transpiration
tree age
tree diameter
tree height
leaf area
nitrogen content
leaf nutrient
date of start of stem elongation
plant development stage
age class
population size
plant cover
tree condition
above ground biomass
age distribution
annual net primary production
biological diversity
breast height diameter
canopy temperature
crown closure
forest cover
functional diversity
greenness
Greenness Index
leaf age
leaf longevity time
leaf nitrogen concentration
microbial biomass carbon
net assimilation rate
net photosynthetic rate
net primary productivity
nitrogen dioxide flux
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index
nutrient flux
Photochemical Reflectance Index
photosynthetic rate
plant growth rate
plant size
primary productivity
root biomass
root dry weight
shoot growth rate
stress response
tree basal area
tree mortality
tree diameter at breast height
leaf area ratio
plant carbon concentration
below ground autotrophic respiration
total carbon
total organic carbon
carbon dioxide flux per soil horizon
soil gas flux
soil pH
soil solution concentration
air methane concentration
air nitrogen oxides concentration
biochemical composition
chemical composition of water
dissolved organic nitrogen
insoluble organic carbon content
nitrogen budget
nitrous oxyde emission
pH value of water
soil carbon dioxyde emission from residues
soil carbon dioxyde flux
soil carbon storage
soil nitrogen
soil nutrient
soil organic carbon
carbon dioxide concentration
dissolved organic carbon in soil
leaf nitrogen concentration
leaf nutrient
methane concentration
microbial biomass carbon
nutrient concentration
plant carbon concentration
plant nitrogen concentration
ecosystem parameter
tree distribution
above ground net primary production
ecosystem structure
forest structure
sapwood area
ground water level
heat flow
latent heat
normalized vegetation index
deadwood decaying rate
deadwood volume
vegetation layer composition
vegetation layer structure
vegetation layer type
species list
species composition
plant species composition
soil heat flux
microbial diversity
soil microbial diversity
soil organic residual
vegetation reflectance
biomass allocation
canopy structure
ecosystem health
fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation
heterotrophic respiration
land cover type
leaf age
leaf area
leaf area index
leaf nitrogen concentration
leaf nutrient
leaf size
litter size
microbial respiration
photosynthetically active radiation intensity
plant cover
plant density
plant transpiration
potential evaporation
radiation below canopy intensity
root biomass
root density
root growth rate
root length
transpiration rate
tree age
tree basal area
tree condition
tree diameter
tree diameter at breast height
tree height
vapor pressure deficit
vegetation pattern
above ground biomass
below ground autotrophic respiration
canopy aerodynamic resistance
canopy growth rate
canopy height
canopy temperature
canopy transpiration
carbon dioxide concentration
forest cover
environmental parameter
abiotic heterogeneity
ground surface temperature
ground temperature
land surface temperature
snow depth
landscape parameter
land cover
land use
remote sensing parameter
albedo
soil albedo
water albedo
diffuse radiation intensity
diffuse reflectance
diffuse solar radiation intensity
direct radiation intensity
global radiation irradiance
incoming radiation intensity
interception
irradiance
long wave radiation
net far infrared radiation irradiance
net radiation irradiance
net solar radiation irradiance
ozone concentration
photosynthetically active radiation intensity
radiation below canopy intensity
reflected global radiation irradiance
reflected radiation intensity
solar radiation
total radiation irradiance
vegetation reflectance
soil parameter
carbon-to-nitrogen ratio
soil evaporation
soil matrix water potential
soil profile water content
soil volumetric water content
soil water potential
soil moisture field capacity
soil moisture content
soil temperature
soil respiration
soil texture
thickness of soil horizon
total organic carbon
carbon dioxide concentration
carbon dioxide flux per soil horizon
reflected global radiation irradiance
respiration rate
soil carbon storage
soil depth
soil gas flux
soil microbial diversity
soil nitrogen
soil organic carbon
soil pH
water parameter
runoff amount
photosynthetically active radiation intensity
water level
water temperature
lake temperature
carbon dioxide concentration
dissolved organic carbon in water
Photos
not defined
not defined
not defined
not defined
not defined
not defined
not defined
Geographic
Size
20000.00ha
Elevation (average)
180.00msl
Elevation (min)
140.00msl
Elevation (max)
200.00msl
Affiliation and Network Specific Information
Affiliation
ILTER✔This site is a verified "ILTER" member.
LTER Europe✔This site is a verified "LTER Europe" member.
ICOS✖ (http://meta.icos-cp.eu/ontologies/stationentry/AS/ATM-HYY)The affiliation of this site with "ICOS" is not verified.
ACTRIS✖The affiliation of this site with "ACTRIS" is not verified.
FinLTSER✔ (LTER_EU_FI_007)This site is a verified "FinLTSER" member.
AnaEE✖The affiliation of this site with "AnaEE" is not verified.
Projects
Network
CarboEurope
EMEP
WMO
WMO Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW)
Other
INGOS
eLTER catalogue
Project
FLUXNet
EuroFLUX
ExpeER
NitroEurope
eLTER (H2020)
Eclaire
E-SHAPE (H2020)
Download

Site information [.json]

Centroid coordinates [.shp] [.kml]
GEO-BON Biome
Fresh water lakes
Fresh water rivers
Terrestrial
Biome
Evergreen Forest
Ecosystem and Land Use
Forest
Boreal forests/taiga
Evergreen Forest
Lakes
Fresh Water Lakes
Biogeographical Region
Boreal Bio-geographical Region
Air Temperature: Average Annual
3.50°C
Air Temperature Range (Monthly Minimum)
-11.50°C
Air Temperature Range (Monthly Maximum)
21.60°C
Precipitation Annual
711.00mm
Precipitation Maximum Monthly
201.10mm
Precipitation Minimum Monthly
1.10mm
Vegetation
Managed coniferous forest regenerated in early 1960's, ground vegetation mainly bilberry-lingonberry-mosses. Protected and non-protected fen areas where partial water level management has been done.
Soils
Haplic podzol formed in a glacial till, with an average depth of 0,5-0,7 m.
Hydrology
Humid continental.
EUNIS habitat
Inland surface waters (C)
Inland surface waters (C) » Surface standing waters (C1)
Inland surface waters (C) » Surface standing waters (C1) » Permanent mesotrophic lakes, ponds and pools (C1.2)
Inland surface waters (C) » Surface running waters (C2)
Inland surface waters (C) » Surface running waters (C2) » Permanent non-tidal, fast, turbulent watercourses (C2.2)
Mires, bogs and fens (D)
Mires, bogs and fens (D) » Valley mires, poor fens and transition mires (D2)
Mires, bogs and fens (D) » Valley mires, poor fens and transition mires (D2) » Poor fens and soft-water spring mires (D2.2)
Woodland, forest and other wooded land (G)
Woodland, forest and other wooded land (G) » Coniferous woodland (G3)
Woodland, forest and other wooded land (G) » Coniferous woodland (G3) » Spruce taiga woodland (G3.A)
Woodland, forest and other wooded land (G) » Coniferous woodland (G3) » Pine taiga woodland (G3.B)
Woodland, forest and other wooded land (G) » Mixed deciduous and coniferous woodland (G4)
Woodland, forest and other wooded land (G) » Mixed deciduous and coniferous woodland (G4) » Mixed taiga woodland with birch (G4.2)
Site Type (Spatial Design)
Complex Site
Design of Experimentation
partly experimentation
Scale of Experimentation
plot scale
Design of Observation
mainly observation
Scale of Observation
sub-catchment within catchment
Infrastructure
Data infrastructure
Data infrastructure » Data services » Data portal
Data infrastructure » Data services » Other data services
Data infrastructure » Data storage » Structured file
Data infrastructure » Data storage » Unstructured file
Energy and data infrastructure
Energy and data infrastructure » Energy supply
Energy and data infrastructure » Energy supply » Permanent Power Produced
Energy and data infrastructure » Energy supply » Permanent Power Produced » More than 100 kW
Energy and data infrastructure » Energy supply » Permanent Power Supply Location » Central station(s)
Energy and data infrastructure » Data transmission
Energy and data infrastructure » Data transmission » Data Transmission Type (within site) » GMS/UMTS
Energy and data infrastructure » Data transmission » Data Transmission Type (within site) » Cable based
Energy and data infrastructure » Data transmission » Data Transmission Type (from Site) » Telephone line
Energy and data infrastructure » Data transmission » Data Transmission Type (from Site) » GMS/UMTS
Energy and data infrastructure » Data transmission » Data Transmission Type (from Site) » Cable based
Maintenance infrastructure
Maintenance infrastructure » Snow clearing equipment
Maintenance infrastructure » Snow clearing frequency » Daily
Maintenance infrastructure » Snow clearing frequency » Weekly
Observation device
Observation device » Temperature Controlled Container
Observation device » Measurement tower
Observation device » Measurement tower » In canopy
Observation device » Measurement tower » Less than 10 m above canopy
Observation device » Measurement tower » More than 10 m above canopy
Supporting infrastructure
Supporting infrastructure » Staff room at site
Supporting infrastructure » Staff room at site » > 5 places
Supporting infrastructure » Staff room at site » Unknown number of places
Supporting infrastructure » Lodging at site » > 10 beds
Supporting infrastructure » Transportation » Vehicle 4WD
Supporting infrastructure » Transportation » Vehicle 2WD
Supporting infrastructure » Transportation » Boat
Supporting infrastructure » Transportation » Snow mobile
Accessible All Year
Yes
All parts of Site Accessible
Yes
Access Type
regular car
Permanent Power Supply
Yes
Permanent Operation
Yes
Site Visit Interval
1
Maintenance Interval
1
General Data Policy
The data provider must be offered co-authorship for publications using this dataset at least within the metadata description
The opportunity to collaborate on the project using the dataset
The data provider is given and agrees to a statement of uses to which the dataset will be put
Data Policy URL
http://avaa.tdata.fi/web/smart/smear/terms-of-use
Data Storage Location
Central
Data Services
Other data service
LTER Site Classification
Master
Related Resources
3 dataset(s) in total:
Hyytiälä Meteorologic data
Hyytiälä vegetation
Juupajoki vegetation
There is EURO-CORDEX climate scenario data available for this site:
Projected Near Surface Specific Humidity ChangeRCP26RCP45RCP85
Projected Precipitation ChangeRCP26RCP45RCP85
Projected Sea Level Pressure ChangeRCP26RCP45RCP85
Projected Surface Downwelling Shortwave RadiationRCP26RCP45RCP85
Projected Near-Surface Wind SpeedRCP26RCP45RCP85
Projected Near-Surface Air TemperatureRCP26RCP45RCP85
Projected Daily Maximum Near-Surface Air TemperatureRCP26RCP45RCP85
Projected Daily Minimum Near-Surface Air TemperatureRCP26RCP45RCP85

You can also download the entire climate scenario dataset for this site from the EUDAT B2SHARE data store.