LTSER Veluwe - Netherlands

Basic Information
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Site Name
LTSER Veluwe
Short name
VEL
Country
Netherlands
Operating Organisation
Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW)
Site Manager
Stefan Vriend
Site Description
The area defined as ‘the Veluwe’ lies in the province of Gelderland, the Netherlands, West of the river IJssel and North of the river Rhine. The region hosts the largest connected nature area of the country: around 91.947 ha are part of the Natura 2000 area. The natural landscape consists of a mix of forests, heathlands, sand drifts, lakes, and moorlands. The Veluwe was settled a long time ago, and the area is now densely populated (van der Zouwen, 2006). Traces of burial mounds and agricultural fields are indicators of former human settlements. During prehistoric and medieval times, extraction of iron and timber took place on the Veluwe. After the start of the 19th century, large scale deforestation occurred, with several ...
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Last modified
2025-03-11 08:03:11

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General Characteristics and Status
Site Status
Operational
Year Established
1930
Observed properties
ecosystem parameteratmospheric parameterchemical parameterbiological parametersoil parameterwater parameterlandscape parameteragricultural parameterenvironmental parametergenetic parameterabovegroundnetprimaryproductionannelidapresencebenthicinvertebratesabundancebenthicinvertebratespresencebirdsabundancebirdspresencebryophytespresencecanopygapareacommunitycompositiondeadwooddecayingratediversityindexearthwormsabundanceecosystemstructurefaunisticdiversityfloristicdiversityforeststructuregerminationdategroundwaterlevelgroundwaterpermeabilityhabitatstructureinorganicnutrientcontentlitterresidencetimemacrofaunaabundancemicrobialdiversitynaturalnessplantspeciescompositionsoilmacrofaunaabundancesoilmicrobialdiversityspeciesabundancespeciescompositionspeciesgroupabundancespecieslistspeciespresencespeciesrichnessspeciesturnovertreediameteratbreastheighttreedistributionvegetationlayercompositionvegetationlayerstructurevegetationlayertypevegetationreflectanceairhumidityairtemperatureatmosphericpressurecarbondioxideconcentrationdaylightlengthdewpointdiffuseradiationintensitydirectradiationintensityglobalradiationirradianceinterceptionmethaneconcentrationozoneconcentrationplantcarbonconcentrationprecipitationintensitysaturatedwatercontentsolarradiationsunshinedurationtotalradiationirradiancevaporpressuredeficitwinddirectionwinddirection(meanandgust)windspeedwindspeed(meanandgust)acidneutralisingcapacityammoniumcontentammoniumnitrateconcentrationammoniumnitrogencontentavailablephosphorusbasesaturationcationexchangecapacitydissolvednutrientdissolvedorganiccarboninwaterdissolvedorganicphosphorusinorganiccarboncontentinorganicnitrogencontentnutrientavailabilitypercentcarbonpercentnitrogenpercentorganiccarbonsoilnitrateleachingsoilpHsoilsolutionconcentrationsuspendedsolidstotalcarbontotalorganiccarbonwatersalinitycanopycoverratecanopygrowthratecanopyheightcanopytranspirationchangeinpopulationsizeovertimefloweringdateleafarealeafarearatioleafnutrientnitrogencontentplantcoverplantdevelopmentstageplantheightplantnitrogenconcentrationplantnutrientpopulationsizerootdensityrootgrowthratetreeagetreeconditiontreediametertreeheightcarbon-to-nitrogenratiocationexchangecapacitydissolvedorganicnitrogeninsoilporesizeporesizedistributionsoilaciditysoilalkalinitysoilbulkdensitysoildrybulkdensitysoilevaporationsoilmoisturecontentsoilmoisturefieldcapacitysoilnutrientsoilporestructuresoilporositysoilrespirationsoilsolutionconcentrationsoiltemperaturesoiltexturesoilwatercontentthicknessofsoilhorizontotalorganiccarbonchlorophyllcontentofwaterconductivitylakelevellaketemperaturemacroporessaturatedwatercontentperchedwatertablerunoffamountsecchidepthsightdepthstageheightwateraciditywateralkalinitywatercontentwaterdepthwaterlevelwaterqualitywatertablewatertemperaturewatertransparencywatervelocitywatervolumelandcoverlanduselanduseintensitylandscapecompositionlandscapeconfigurationlandscapeconnectivitylandscapefragmentationlandscapemetricspatchdensitypatchsizeconcentrationofnitrogenintheentireplantcropgrowthratedissolvedorganiccarboninsoilmineralnitrogenmineralisedfromhumusmineralnitrogenmineralisedfromorganicmatternitrateflowindrainnitrogenvolatilisationfromfertilisernitrogenvolatilisationfrommineralfertilisernitrogenvolatilisationfromorganicfertiliserabioticheterogeneityallelefrequency
Affiliation and Network Specific Information
Affiliation
ILTER✔This site is a verified "ILTER" member.
LTER Europe✔This site is a verified "LTER Europe" member.
Netherlands LTER✔ (LTER_EU_NL_002)This site is a verified "Netherlands LTER" member.
GERI✔This site is a verified "GERI" member.
Photos
Map drawing of the Veluwe socio-ecological area, its major cities and towns, roads, and its positioning in the Netherlands. The Veluwe is confined in the west by the border with the province of Utrecht, in the north by the border with the province of Flevoland, in the east by the river IJssel, and in the south by the river Rhine.
Map drawing of the Veluwe socio-ecological area, its major cities and towns, roads, and its positioning in the Netherlands. The Veluwe is confined in the west by the border with the province of Utrecht, in the north by the border with the province of Flevoland, in the east by the river IJssel, and in the south by the river Rhine.
Geographic
10 km
10 mi
View in site map
Centroid/Representative Coordinates

Latitude: 52.228746 Longitude: 5.815613

Size
ca. 218461.34ha
Elevation (average)
23.12msl
Elevation (min)
0.00msl
Elevation (max)
109.45msl
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Site information [.json]

Centroid/representative coordinates [.shp] [.kml]
Bounding Box [.shp] [.kml]
Boundaries [.shp] [.kml]
GEO-BON Biome
Terrestrial
Biome
Deciduous Forest
Ecosystem Type
Agricultural
Forest
Deciduous Forest
Mixed Forest
Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests
Temperate coniferous forests
Grasslands
Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands
Lakes
Fresh Water Lakes
Small lakes
Fresh Water Rivers
Small rivers
Urban
Biogeographical Region
Atlantic Bio-geographical Region
EUNIS habitat
Constructed, industrial and other artificial habitats (J)
Constructed, industrial and other artificial habitats (J) » Buildings of cities, towns and villages (J1)
Constructed, industrial and other artificial habitats (J) » Buildings of cities, towns and villages (J1) » High density temporary residential units (J1.7)
Constructed, industrial and other artificial habitats (J) » Buildings of cities, towns and villages (J1) » Residential buildings of city and town centres (J1.1)
Constructed, industrial and other artificial habitats (J) » Buildings of cities, towns and villages (J1) » Residential buildings of villages and urban peripheries (J1.2)
Constructed, industrial and other artificial habitats (J) » Buildings of cities, towns and villages (J1) » Urban and suburban construction and demolition sites (J1.6)
Constructed, industrial and other artificial habitats (J) » Buildings of cities, towns and villages (J1) » Urban and suburban industrial and commercial sites still in active use (J1.4)
Constructed, industrial and other artificial habitats (J) » Buildings of cities, towns and villages (J1) » Urban and suburban public buildings (J1.3)
Constructed, industrial and other artificial habitats (J) » Highly artificial man-made waters and associated structures (J5)
Constructed, industrial and other artificial habitats (J) » Highly artificial man-made waters and associated structures (J5) » Highly artificial non-saline running waters (J5.4)
Constructed, industrial and other artificial habitats (J) » Highly artificial man-made waters and associated structures (J5) » Highly artificial non-saline standing waters (J5.3)
Constructed, industrial and other artificial habitats (J) » Low density buildings (J2)
Constructed, industrial and other artificial habitats (J) » Low density buildings (J2) » Agricultural constructions (J2.4)
Constructed, industrial and other artificial habitats (J) » Low density buildings (J2) » Rural construction and demolition sites (J2.7)
Constructed, industrial and other artificial habitats (J) » Low density buildings (J2) » Rural industrial and commercial sites still in active use (J2.3)
Constructed, industrial and other artificial habitats (J) » Low density buildings (J2) » Rural public buildings (J2.2)
Constructed, industrial and other artificial habitats (J) » Low density buildings (J2) » Scattered residential buildings (J2.1)
Constructed, industrial and other artificial habitats (J) » Transport networks and other constructed hard-surfaced areas (J4)
Constructed, industrial and other artificial habitats (J) » Transport networks and other constructed hard-surfaced areas (J4) » Airport runways and aprons (J4.4)
Constructed, industrial and other artificial habitats (J) » Transport networks and other constructed hard-surfaced areas (J4) » Constructed parts of cemeteries (J4.7)
Constructed, industrial and other artificial habitats (J) » Transport networks and other constructed hard-surfaced areas (J4) » Disused road, rail and other constructed hard-surfaced areas (J4.1)
Constructed, industrial and other artificial habitats (J) » Transport networks and other constructed hard-surfaced areas (J4) » Pavements and recreation areas (J4.6)
Constructed, industrial and other artificial habitats (J) » Transport networks and other constructed hard-surfaced areas (J4) » Rail networks (J4.3)
Constructed, industrial and other artificial habitats (J) » Transport networks and other constructed hard-surfaced areas (J4) » Road networks (J4.2)
Constructed, industrial and other artificial habitats (J) » Waste deposits (J6)
Constructed, industrial and other artificial habitats (J) » Waste deposits (J6) » Household waste and landfill sites (J6.2)
Grasslands and lands dominated by forbs, mosses or lichens (E)
Grasslands and lands dominated by forbs, mosses or lichens (E) » Dry grasslands (E1)
Grasslands and lands dominated by forbs, mosses or lichens (E) » Dry grasslands (E1) » Unmanaged xeric grassland (E1.D)
Grasslands and lands dominated by forbs, mosses or lichens (E) » Mesic grasslands (E2)
Grasslands and lands dominated by forbs, mosses or lichens (E) » Mesic grasslands (E2) » Agriculturally-improved, re-seeded and heavily fertilised grassland, including sports fields and grass lawns (E2.6)
Grasslands and lands dominated by forbs, mosses or lichens (E) » Mesic grasslands (E2) » Permanent mesotrophic pastures and aftermath-grazed meadows (E2.1)
Grasslands and lands dominated by forbs, mosses or lichens (E) » Mesic grasslands (E2) » Trampled mesophilous grasslands with annuals (E2.8)
Grasslands and lands dominated by forbs, mosses or lichens (E) » Seasonally wet and wet grasslands (E3)
Grasslands and lands dominated by forbs, mosses or lichens (E) » Seasonally wet and wet grasslands (E3) » Moist or wet eutrophic and mesotrophic grassland (E3.4)
Grasslands and lands dominated by forbs, mosses or lichens (E) » Seasonally wet and wet grasslands (E3) » Moist or wet oligotrophic grassland (E3.5)
Grasslands and lands dominated by forbs, mosses or lichens (E) » Sparsely wooded grasslands (E7)
Grasslands and lands dominated by forbs, mosses or lichens (E) » Sparsely wooded grasslands (E7) » Atlantic parkland (E7.1)
Grasslands and lands dominated by forbs, mosses or lichens (E) » Woodland fringes and clearings and tall forb stands (E5)
Grasslands and lands dominated by forbs, mosses or lichens (E) » Woodland fringes and clearings and tall forb stands (E5) » Anthropogenic herb stands (E5.1)
Grasslands and lands dominated by forbs, mosses or lichens (E) » Woodland fringes and clearings and tall forb stands (E5) » Moist or wet tall-herb and fern fringes and meadows (E5.4)
Habitat complexes (X)
Habitat complexes (X) » Domestic gardens of city and town centres (X24)
Habitat complexes (X) » Domestic gardens of villages and urban peripheries (X25)
Habitat complexes (X) » Intensively-farmed crops interspersed with strips of natural and/or semi-natural vegetation (X07)
Habitat complexes (X) » Land sparsely wooded with broadleaved deciduous trees (X13)
Habitat complexes (X) » Land sparsely wooded with coniferous trees (X15)
Habitat complexes (X) » Land sparsely wooded with mixed broadleaved and coniferous trees (X16)
Habitat complexes (X) » Large parks (X11)
Habitat complexes (X) » Small city centre non-domestic gardens (X22)
Heathland, scrub and tundra (F)
Heathland, scrub and tundra (F) » Hedgerows (FA)
Heathland, scrub and tundra (F) » Hedgerows (FA) » Highly-managed hedgerows of native species (FA.2)
Heathland, scrub and tundra (F) » Hedgerows (FA) » Species-poor hedgerows of native species (FA.4)
Heathland, scrub and tundra (F) » Temperate shrub heathland (F4)
Heathland, scrub and tundra (F) » Temperate shrub heathland (F4) » Dry heaths (F4.2)
Heathland, scrub and tundra (F) » Temperate shrub heathland (F4) » Wet heaths (F4.1)
Inland surface waters (C)
Inland surface waters (C) » Surface running waters (C2)
Inland surface waters (C) » Surface running waters (C2) » Permanent non-tidal, smooth-flowing watercourses (C2.3)
Inland surface waters (C) » Surface running waters (C2) » Springs, spring brooks and geysers (C2.1)
Inland surface waters (C) » Surface standing waters (C1)
Inland surface waters (C) » Surface standing waters (C1) » Permanent dystrophic lakes, ponds and pools (C1.4)
Inland surface waters (C) » Surface standing waters (C1) » Permanent eutrophic lakes, ponds and pools (C1.3)
Inland surface waters (C) » Surface standing waters (C1) » Permanent mesotrophic lakes, ponds and pools (C1.2)
Inland surface waters (C) » Surface standing waters (C1) » Permanent oligotrophic lakes, ponds and pools (C1.1)
Inland surface waters (C) » Surface standing waters (C1) » Temporary lakes, ponds and pools (C1.6)
Inland unvegetated or sparsely vegetated habitats (H)
Inland unvegetated or sparsely vegetated habitats (H) » Inland cliffs, rock pavements and outcrops (H3)
Inland unvegetated or sparsely vegetated habitats (H) » Inland cliffs, rock pavements and outcrops (H3) » Acid siliceous inland cliffs (H3.1)
Mires, bogs and fens (D)
Mires, bogs and fens (D) » Valley mires, poor fens and transition mires (D2)
Mires, bogs and fens (D) » Valley mires, poor fens and transition mires (D2) » Poor fens and soft-water spring mires (D2.2)
Regularly or recently cultivated agricultural, horticultural and domestic habitats (I)
Regularly or recently cultivated agricultural, horticultural and domestic habitats (I) » Arable land and market gardens (I1)
Regularly or recently cultivated agricultural, horticultural and domestic habitats (I) » Arable land and market gardens (I1) » Arable land with unmixed crops grown by low-intensity agricultural methods (I1.3)
Regularly or recently cultivated agricultural, horticultural and domestic habitats (I) » Arable land and market gardens (I1) » Bare tilled, fallow or recently abandoned arable land (I1.5)
Regularly or recently cultivated agricultural, horticultural and domestic habitats (I) » Arable land and market gardens (I1) » Intensive unmixed crops (I1.1)
Regularly or recently cultivated agricultural, horticultural and domestic habitats (I) » Arable land and market gardens (I1) » Mixed crops of market gardens and horticulture (I1.2)
Regularly or recently cultivated agricultural, horticultural and domestic habitats (I) » Cultivated areas of gardens and parks (I2)
Regularly or recently cultivated agricultural, horticultural and domestic habitats (I) » Cultivated areas of gardens and parks (I2) » Large-scale ornamental garden areas (I2.1)
Regularly or recently cultivated agricultural, horticultural and domestic habitats (I) » Cultivated areas of gardens and parks (I2) » Small-scale ornamental and domestic garden areas (I2.2)
Woodland, forest and other wooded land (G)
Woodland, forest and other wooded land (G) » Broadleaved deciduous woodland (G1)
Woodland, forest and other wooded land (G) » Broadleaved deciduous woodland (G1) » Acidophilous oak-dominated woodland (G1.8)
Woodland, forest and other wooded land (G) » Broadleaved deciduous woodland (G1) » Beech woodland (G1.6)
Woodland, forest and other wooded land (G) » Broadleaved deciduous woodland (G1) » Broadleaved swamp woodland not on acid peat (G1.4)
Woodland, forest and other wooded land (G) » Broadleaved deciduous woodland (G1) » Fruit and nut tree orchards (G1.D)
Woodland, forest and other wooded land (G) » Broadleaved deciduous woodland (G1) » Highly artificial broadleaved deciduous forestry plantations (G1.C)
Woodland, forest and other wooded land (G) » Coniferous woodland (G3)
Woodland, forest and other wooded land (G) » Coniferous woodland (G3) » Highly artificial coniferous plantations (G3.F)
Woodland, forest and other wooded land (G) » Coniferous woodland (G3) » Scots pine woodland south of the taiga (G3.4)
Woodland, forest and other wooded land (G) » Lines of trees, small anthropogenic woodlands, recently felled woodland, early-stage woodland and coppice (G5)
Woodland, forest and other wooded land (G) » Lines of trees, small anthropogenic woodlands, recently felled woodland, early-stage woodland and coppice (G5) » Lines of trees (G5.1)
Woodland, forest and other wooded land (G) » Lines of trees, small anthropogenic woodlands, recently felled woodland, early-stage woodland and coppice (G5) » Recently felled areas (G5.8)
Woodland, forest and other wooded land (G) » Lines of trees, small anthropogenic woodlands, recently felled woodland, early-stage woodland and coppice (G5) » Small broadleaved deciduous anthropogenic woodlands (G5.2)
Woodland, forest and other wooded land (G) » Lines of trees, small anthropogenic woodlands, recently felled woodland, early-stage woodland and coppice (G5) » Small coniferous anthropogenic woodlands (G5.4)
Woodland, forest and other wooded land (G) » Lines of trees, small anthropogenic woodlands, recently felled woodland, early-stage woodland and coppice (G5) » Small mixed broadleaved and coniferous anthropogenic woodlands (G5.5)
Woodland, forest and other wooded land (G) » Mixed deciduous and coniferous woodland (G4)
Woodland, forest and other wooded land (G) » Mixed deciduous and coniferous woodland (G4) » Mixed forestry plantations (G4.F)
Woodland, forest and other wooded land (G) » Mixed deciduous and coniferous woodland (G4) » Mixed Scots pine - acidophilous oak woodland (G4.7)
Woodland, forest and other wooded land (G) » Mixed deciduous and coniferous woodland (G4) » Mixed Scots pine - birch woodland (G4.4)
Air Temperature: Average Annual
10.10°C
Precipitation Annual
900.00mm
Site Type
Platform
Design of Experimentation
mainly experimentation
Scale of Experimentation
plot scale
Design of Observation
mainly observation
Scale of Observation
beyond catchment
Permanent Power Supply
Yes
Equipment
Maintenance infrastructure » Snow clearing equipment
Observation devices » Measurement tower » No tower on site
Data infrastructure » Data services » Web Map Service (WMS)
Data infrastructure » Data services » Data portal
Data infrastructure » Data storage » Paper
Data infrastructure » Data storage » Structured file
Data infrastructure » Data storage » Spatial database (GIS)
Data infrastructure » Data storage » Spatial data file (GIS)
Data infrastructure » Data storage » Relational database
Supporting infrastructure » Transportation » Vehicle 2WD
Supporting infrastructure » Staff room at site » > 5 places
Supporting infrastructure » Lodging at site » > 10 beds
Energy and data transmission infrastructure » Data transmission » Data Transmission Type (from site) » Cable based
Energy and data transmission infrastructure » Data transmission » Data Transmission Type (from site) » Telephone line
Energy and data transmission infrastructure » Data transmission » Data Transmission Type (from site) » Satellite
Energy and data transmission infrastructure » Data transmission » Data Transmission Type (from site) » Radio transmission system (repeaters. receivers. centralstation)
Energy and data transmission infrastructure » Data transmission » Data Transmission Type (from site) » GMS/UMTS
Energy and data transmission infrastructure » Data transmission » Data Transmission Type (within site) » Telephone line
Energy and data transmission infrastructure » Data transmission » Data Transmission Type (within site) » Satellite
Energy and data transmission infrastructure » Data transmission » Data Transmission Type (within site) » Radio transmission system (repeaters, receivers, centralstation)
Energy and data transmission infrastructure » Data transmission » Data Transmission Type (within site) » GMS/UMTS
Energy and data transmission infrastructure » Data transmission » Data Transmission Type (within site) » Cable based
Energy and data transmission infrastructure » Energy supply » Permanent Power Supply Location » Central station(s)
Energy and data transmission infrastructure » Energy supply » Permanent Power Produced » More than 100 kW
Equipment notes
The research infrastructure is very diverse: complete meteorological observation sites, a vast network of piezometers, several visitor centres with expositions and research results, etc. etc. The infrastructur is also very diversely owned, from universities to nature maangement organisations, waterboards and province.
However, there is no central building as the 'site'. The laboratories of Wageningen University (Alterra) are in the site.
Accessible All Year
Yes
All parts of Site Accessible
Yes
Access Type
paved road
Permanent Operation
Yes
Operation Notes
This is an estimate of the ongoing research costs of various universities and institutes at the site
Site Visit Interval
7
Maintenance Interval
7
General Data Policy
Co-authorship on publications resulting from use of the dataset
The opportunity to collaborate on the project using the dataset
Reprints of articles using the dataset must be provided to the data provider
Mutual agreement on reciprocal sharing of data
LTER Site Classification
LTSER
There is EURO-CORDEX climate scenario data available for this site:
Projected Near Surface Specific Humidity ChangeRCP26RCP45RCP85
Projected Precipitation ChangeRCP26RCP45RCP85
Projected Sea Level Pressure ChangeRCP26RCP45RCP85
Projected Surface Downwelling Shortwave RadiationRCP26RCP45RCP85
Projected Near-Surface Wind SpeedRCP26RCP45RCP85
Projected Near-Surface Air TemperatureRCP26RCP45RCP85
Projected Daily Maximum Near-Surface Air TemperatureRCP26RCP45RCP85
Projected Daily Minimum Near-Surface Air TemperatureRCP26RCP45RCP85

You can also download the entire climate scenario dataset for this site from the EUDAT B2SHARE data store.